Visualization of IL-12/23p40 in vivo reveals immunostimulatory dendritic cell migrants that promote Th1 differentiation.

Reinhardt, R Lee,Hong, Seokmann,Kang, Suk-Jo,Wang, Zhi-en,Locksley, Richard M Williams Wilkins 2006 JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY Vol.177 No.3

<P>IL-12p40 is induced in macrophages and dendritic cells (DC) after activation by microbial TLR ligands and cytokines and constitutes a component of IL-12 and IL-23. In an effort to understand the location and kinetics of these cytokines during the course of an immune response, we generated knockin (gene-targeted) mice that express the p40 gene linked via a viral internal ribosome entry site element with fluorescent reporters, eYFP or eGFP. Macrophages and DC from these mice faithfully reported biallelic p40 induction using the fluorescent marker. s.c. inoculation with Listeria monocytogenes or LPS led to a rapid, but transient, accumulation of p40-expressing DC in draining lymph nodes, which could be blocked by the addition of pertussis toxin. In situ analysis also revealed the accumulation of IL-12p40 protein around high endothelial venules located in close proximity to p40-expressing DC. Consistent with the in vivo findings, in vitro-activated DC that expressed p40 migrated to draining lymph nodes and promoted Th1 differentiation more efficiently than DC that did not express p40. Accordingly, these mice provide a valuable tool for tracking critical functions of DC in vivo and should bestow a useful reagent for exploring the effector biology of these cells in models of infectious disease, cancer immunity, and vaccine development.</P>

Low Bit-Rate Image Coding for Facial Movement

Takaya, Kunio,Reinhardt, R. Todd 대한전자공학회 1996 APCCAS:Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits And Sys Vol.1 No.1

Low bit-rate facial image coding for intended applications to video telephone is presented. The basic principle for this facial image coding is to use 2D image warping techniques in generating successive video frames from a stored master image. Setting global and local grids, the use of attractant/repellant masses, and bilinear mapping for painting a picture are described along with the necessary image analysis for parameter extraction.

Towards a multi-criteria framework for stereotomy – Workflows for subtractive fabrication in complex geometries

Shayani Fernando,Simon Weir,Dagmar Reinhardt,Adam Hannouch 한국CDE학회 2019 Journal of computational design and engineering Vol.6 No.3

In a context of stereotomy, robotic subtractive cutting enables design-to-production processes that inte-grate craftsmanship with advanced manufacturing technology. This paper discusses empirical research into the fabrication of complex and custom-designed geometries by means of robotic subtractive cutting, with a specific focus on modular elements and joint typologies that form an essential condition for self-supporting stone structures. The paper presents research findings in two parts. In the first part, four case studies for jointing techniques and a cross-comparison between these are introduced to derive strategies for multiple criteria, including macro-and-micro geometries, modules and joints, structural performance, material variations, machine cutting methods and end-effectors, and robotic workspace. In the second part, the paper focuses on the structural performance of the joint geometry typologies, expanded towards material constraints and robotic fabrication process. The paper concludes with a discussion on these var-ied subtractive cutting methodologies and a resulting design-to-fabrication workflow, and indicates future research work.

Numerical analysis of spalling of concrete cover at high temperature

Joško Ožbolt,Goran Periškic,Hans-Wolf Reinhardt,Rolf Eligehausen 사단법인 한국계산역학회 2008 Computers and Concrete, An International Journal Vol.5 No.4

In the present paper a 3D thermo-hygro-mechanical model for concrete is used to study explosive spalling of concrete cover at high temperature. For a given boundary conditions the distribution of moisture, pore pressure, temperature, stresses and strains are calculated by employing a threedimensional transient finite element analysis. The used thermo-hygro-mechanical model accounts for the interaction between hygral and thermal properties of concrete. Moreover, these properties are coupled with the mechanical properties of concrete, i.e., it is assumed that the mechanical properties (damage) have an effect on distribution of moisture (pore pressure) and temperature. Stresses in concrete are calculated by employing temperature dependent microplane model. To study explosive spalling of concrete cover, a 3D finite element analysis of a concrete slab, which was locally exposed to high temperature, is performed. It is shown that relatively high pore pressure in concrete can cause explosive spalling. The numerical results indicate that the governing parameter that controls spalling is permeability of concrete. It is also shown that possible buckling of a concrete layer in the spalling zone increases the risk for explosive spalling.

Assessment of sediment profiles applying nuclear techniques: use of a nucleonic gauge in Panama Canal watershed

Sánchez Xavier,Hoo Henry,Brisset Patrick,Pinzón Reinhardt 한국원자력학회 2022 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.54 No.11

An industrial nuclear technique based on the use of an X-ray profiler was implemented to estimate the densities or concentrations of sediments present in an Atlantic maritime zone in the areas subjected to dredging under the governance of the Panama Canal Authority (ACP). The sediment profiles show in most areas there is a concentration of between 1.00-1.15 g/cm3 except for one area in particular, the density starts at 1.20 g/cm3 and even reaches values greater than 1.50 g/ cm3 ; therefore, an already consolidated sediment is present, which, depending on the depth found. Values of 1.265 g/cm3 , 1.297 g/cm3 , 1.185 g/cm3 obtained by ACP previous studies are within the range of 1.20e1.30 g/cm3 measured with the nucleonic gauge. However, it should be noted that during the tests with the X ray profiler, sediment densities values greater than the aforementioned limit were also obtained that varying according at depths close to 12 m and 18 m with values reached up to 1.513 g/cm3 and 1.60 g/cm3 , respectively. This demonstrates that sediment accumulation depends on depth. This nucleonic gauge is feasible technique for the study of the sedimentation phenomenon in channel basins and even in other projects nationwide.

Factor-Reduced Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Efficiently Differentiate into Neurons Independent of the Number of Reprogramming Factors

Hermann, Andreas,Kim, Jeong Beom,Srimasorn, Sumitra,Zaehres, Holm,Reinhardt, Peter,Schö,ler, Hans R.,Storch, Alexander Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2016 Stem cells international Vol.2016 No.-

<P>Reprogramming of somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by overexpression of the transcription factors OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, and c-Myc holds great promise for the development of personalized cell replacement therapies. In an attempt to minimize the risk of chromosomal disruption and to simplify reprogramming, several studies demonstrated that a reduced set of reprogramming factors is sufficient to generate iPSC. We recently showed that a reduction of reprogramming factors in murine cells not only reduces reprogramming efficiency but also may worsen subsequent differentiation. To prove whether this is also true for human cells, we compared the efficiency of neuronal differentiation of iPSC generated from fetal human neural stem cells with either one (OCT4; hiPSC<SUB>1F-NSC</SUB>) or two (OCT4, KLF4; hiPSC<SUB>2F-NSC</SUB>) reprogramming factors with iPSC produced from human fibroblasts using three (hiPSC<SUB>3F-FIB</SUB>) or four reprogramming factors (hiPSC<SUB>4F-FIB</SUB>). After four weeks of coculture with PA6 stromal cells, neuronal differentiation of hiPSC<SUB>1F-NSC</SUB> and hiPSC<SUB>2F-NSC</SUB> was as efficient as iPSC<SUB>3F-FIB</SUB> or iPSC<SUB>4F-FIB</SUB>. We conclude that a reduction of reprogramming factors in human cells does reduce reprogramming efficiency but does not alter subsequent differentiation into neural lineages. This is of importance for the development of future application of iPSC in cell replacement therapies.</P>

The IL-1 family member 7b translocates to the nucleus and down-regulates proinflammatory cytokines.

Sharma, Sheetal,Kulk, Nicole,Nold, Marcel F,Grä,f, Ralph,Kim, Soo-Hyun,Reinhardt, Dietrich,Dinarello, Charles A,Bufler, Philip Williams Wilkins 2008 JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY Vol.180 No.8

<P>The IL-1 family member 7b (IL-1F7b) is a novel homolog of the IL-1 cytokine family discovered by computational cloning. We have reported that IL-1F7b shares critical amino acid residues with IL-18 and binds the IL-18-binding protein; in doing so, IL-1F7b augments the inhibition of IFN-gamma by the IL-18-binding protein. IL-1F7b also binds IL-18Ralpha but neither induces signal nor acts as a receptor antagonist. Hence, the function of IL-1F7b remains unknown. In the present study, we analyzed the intracellular expression pattern of IL-1F7b. Using two variants of GFP fusion constructs of human IL-1F7b stably expressed in RAW macrophages, only the postcleavage mature form of the IL-1F7b precursor-but not the N-terminal propiece-specifically translocates to the nucleus following LPS stimulation. IL-1F7b, like IL-1beta, IL-18, and IL-33, is processed by caspase-1 to generate the mature cytokines. Therefore, we tested whether caspase-1-mediated cleavage of the IL-1F7b precursor is required for mature IL-1F7b to translocate actively into the nucleus. Indeed, a specific caspase-1 inhibitor markedly reduced nuclear entry of IL-1F7b. In stable transfectants of human IL-1F7b in RAW macrophages stimulated with LPS, levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1alpha, IL-6, as well as the chemokine MIP-2, were substantially reduced (72-98%) compared with LPS-stimulated cells transfected with the empty plasmid. These results demonstrate that IL-1F7b translocates to the nucleus after caspase-1 processing and may act as a transcriptional modulator reducing the production of LPS-stimulated proinflammatory cytokines, consistent with IL-1F7b being an anti-inflammatory member of the IL-1 family.</P>