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Molecular Engineering of Zinc Phthalocyanines with Phosphinic Acid Anchoring Groups
Ló,pez‐,Duarte, Ismael,Wang, Mingkui,Humphry‐,Baker, Robin,Ince, Mine,Martí,nez‐,Dí,az, M. Victoria,Nazeeruddin, Mohammad K.,Torres, Tomá,s,Grä,tzel, Mich WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2012 Angewandte Chemie Vol.124 No.8
<P><B>Zwei Zinkphthalocyanin‐Photosensibilisatoren</B> mit verschiedenen Phosphinsäure‐Ankergruppen (siehe Schema) wurden synthetisiert. Solarzellen mit diesen Verbindungen verfügen über eine Photostromdichte von (7.6±0.2) mA cm<SUP>−2</SUP> bei geschlossenem Stromkreis, eine Spannung von (559±30) mV bei offenem Stromkreis und einen Füllfaktor von 0.76±0.03; dies entspricht einem Gesamtwirkungsgrad von 3.24 % unter 1 sun.</P>
The IL-1 family member 7b translocates to the nucleus and down-regulates proinflammatory cytokines.
Sharma, Sheetal,Kulk, Nicole,Nold, Marcel F,Grä,f, Ralph,Kim, Soo-Hyun,Reinhardt, Dietrich,Dinarello, Charles A,Bufler, Philip Williams Wilkins 2008 JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY Vol.180 No.8
<P>The IL-1 family member 7b (IL-1F7b) is a novel homolog of the IL-1 cytokine family discovered by computational cloning. We have reported that IL-1F7b shares critical amino acid residues with IL-18 and binds the IL-18-binding protein; in doing so, IL-1F7b augments the inhibition of IFN-gamma by the IL-18-binding protein. IL-1F7b also binds IL-18Ralpha but neither induces signal nor acts as a receptor antagonist. Hence, the function of IL-1F7b remains unknown. In the present study, we analyzed the intracellular expression pattern of IL-1F7b. Using two variants of GFP fusion constructs of human IL-1F7b stably expressed in RAW macrophages, only the postcleavage mature form of the IL-1F7b precursor-but not the N-terminal propiece-specifically translocates to the nucleus following LPS stimulation. IL-1F7b, like IL-1beta, IL-18, and IL-33, is processed by caspase-1 to generate the mature cytokines. Therefore, we tested whether caspase-1-mediated cleavage of the IL-1F7b precursor is required for mature IL-1F7b to translocate actively into the nucleus. Indeed, a specific caspase-1 inhibitor markedly reduced nuclear entry of IL-1F7b. In stable transfectants of human IL-1F7b in RAW macrophages stimulated with LPS, levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1alpha, IL-6, as well as the chemokine MIP-2, were substantially reduced (72-98%) compared with LPS-stimulated cells transfected with the empty plasmid. These results demonstrate that IL-1F7b translocates to the nucleus after caspase-1 processing and may act as a transcriptional modulator reducing the production of LPS-stimulated proinflammatory cytokines, consistent with IL-1F7b being an anti-inflammatory member of the IL-1 family.</P>
Lee, Hyo Joong,Chang, Dong Wook,Park, Su-Moon,Zakeeruddin, Shaik M.,Grä,tzel, Michael,Nazeeruddin, Md. K. Royal Society of Chemistry 2010 Chemical communications Vol.46 No.46
<P>Redox couples based on cobalt complexes were found to be effective in regenerating both inorganic CdSe quantum dot- and organic dye-sensitizers. The hybrid sensitizer composed of CdSe QD and ruthenium sensitizer (Z907Na) dye showed a maximum power conversion efficiency of 4.76% on using cobalt(<I>o</I>-phen)<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>2+/3+</SUP> as a common redox mediator.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>The hybrid sensitizer composed of CdSe QD and Z907Na dye showed a maximum power conversion efficiency of 4.76% by using cobalt(<I>o</I>-phen)<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>2+/3+</SUP> as a common redox mediator. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c0cc03808c'> </P>
High efficient donor–acceptor ruthenium complex for dye-sensitized solar cell applications
Yum, Jun-Ho,Jung, Il,Baik, Chul,Ko, Jaejung,Nazeeruddin, M. K.,Grä,tzel, Michael Royal Society of Chemistry 2009 ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE Vol.2 No.1
<P>A highly efficient heteroleptic ruthenium (II) complex cis-di(thiocyanato)(4,4'-dicarboxylic acid-2,2'-bipyridine)(4,4'-di-(2-(4-ditolylamine phenyl)ethenyl)-2,2'-bipyridine) ruthenium (II) (IJ-1) was synthesized and characterized, which when anchored on nanocrystalline TiO2 films exhibited high power conversion efficiency, 10.3%, and incident photon to electron conversion efficiency, 87%.</P>
Choi, Hyunbong,Kim, Jeum-Jong,Song, Kihyung,Ko, Jaejung,Nazeeruddin, Md. K.,Grä,tzel, Michael Royal Society of Chemistry 2010 Journal of materials chemistry Vol.20 No.16
<P>Three unsymmetrical squaraine dyes <B>JK-64</B>, <B>JK-65</B>, and <B>JK-64Hx</B>, containing a bulky spirobifluorene or hexyloxyphenyl unit are designed and synthesized. These sensitizers, when anchored onto a TiO<SUB>2</SUB> surface, exhibit decreased aggregation as well as enhanced unidirectional flow of electrons. Under standard global AM 1.5 solar conditions, an optimized <B>JK-64Hx</B> sensitized cell gave a short-circuit photocurrent density (<I>J</I><SUB>sc</SUB>) of 12.82 mA cm<SUP>−2</SUP>, an open-circuit voltage (<I>V</I><SUB>oc</SUB>) of 0.54 V and a fill factor (<I>ff</I>) of 0.75, corresponding to an overall conversion efficiency (<I>η</I>) of 5.20%.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Three unsymmetrical squaraine dyes <B>JK-64</B>, <B>JK-65</B>, and <B>JK-64Hx</B>, containing a bulky spirobifluorene or hexyloxyphenyl unit are designed and synthesized. Under standard global AM 1.5 solar conditions, an optimized <B>JK-64Hx</B> sensitized cell gave a short-circuit photocurrent density (<I>J</I><SUB>sc</SUB>) of 12.82 mA cm<SUP>−2</SUP>, an open-circuit voltage (<I>V</I><SUB>oc</SUB>) of 0.54 V, and a fill factor (<I>ff</I>) of 0.75, corresponding to an overall conversion efficiency (<I>η</I>) of 5.20%. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=b926863d'> </P>
Im, Jeong-Hyeok,Jang, In-Hyuk,Pellet, Norman,Grä,tzel, Michael,Park, Nam-Gyu Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan P 2014 Nature nanotechnology Vol.9 No.11
Perovskite solar cells with submicrometre-thick CH<SUB>3</SUB>NH<SUB>3</SUB>PbI<SUB>3</SUB> or CH<SUB>3</SUB>NH<SUB>3</SUB>PbI<SUB>3–</SUB><SUB>x</SUB>Cl<SUB>x</SUB> active layers show a power conversion efficiency as high as 15%. However, compared to the best-performing device, the average efficiency was as low as 12%, with a large standard deviation (s.d.). Here, we report perovskite solar cells with an average efficiency exceeding 16% and best efficiency of 17%. This was enabled by the growth of CH<SUB>3</SUB>NH<SUB>3</SUB>PbI<SUB>3</SUB> cuboids with a controlled size via a two-step spin-coating procedure. Spin-coating of a solution of CH<SUB>3</SUB>NH<SUB>3</SUB>I with different concentrations follows the spin-coating of PbI<SUB>2</SUB>, and the cuboid size of CH<SUB>3</SUB>NH<SUB>3</SUB>PbI<SUB>3</SUB> is found to strongly depend on the concentration of CH<SUB>3</SUB>NH<SUB>3</SUB>I. Light-harvesting efficiency and charge-carrier extraction are significantly affected by the cuboid size. Under simulated one-sun illumination, average efficiencies of 16.4% (s.d. ± 0.35), 16.3% (s.d. ± 0.44) and 13.5% (s.d. ± 0.34) are obtained from solutions of CH<SUB>3</SUB>NH<SUB>3</SUB>I with concentrations of 0.038 M, 0.050 M and 0.063 M, respectively. By controlling the size of the cuboids of CH<SUB>3</SUB>NH<SUB>3</SUB>PbI<SUB>3</SUB> during their growth, we achieved the best efficiency of 17.01% with a photocurrent density of 21.64 mA cm<SUP>–2</SUP>, open-circuit photovoltage of 1.056 V and fill factor of 0.741.
Type IIP supernova light curves affected by the acceleration of red supergiant winds
Moriya, Takashi J,Fö,rster, Francisco,Yoon, Sung-Chul,Grä,fener, Gö,tz,Blinnikov, Sergei I Oxford University Press 2018 Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Vol.476 No.2
<P>We introduce the first synthetic light-curve model set of Type IIP supernovae exploded within circumstellar media in which the acceleration of the red supergiant winds is taken into account. Because wind acceleration makes the wind velocities near the progenitors low, the density of the immediate vicinity of the red supergiant supernova progenitors can be higher than that extrapolated by using a constant terminal wind velocity. Therefore, even if the mass-loss rate of the progenitor is relatively low, it can have a dense circumstellar medium at the immediate stellar vicinity and the early light curves of Type IIP supernovae are significantly affected by it. We adopt a simple beta velocity law to formulate the wind acceleration. We provide bolometric and multicolour light curves of Type IIP supernovae exploding within such accelerated winds from the combinations of three progenitors, 12-16 M-circle dot; five beta, 1-5; seven mass-loss rates, 10(-5)-10(-2)M(circle dot) yr(-1); and four explosion energies, (0.5-2) x 10(51) erg. All the light-curve models are available at https://goo.gl/o5phYb. When the circumstellar density is sufficiently high, our models do not show a classical shock breakout as a consequence of the interaction with the dense and optically thick circumstellar media. Instead, they show a delayed 'wind breakout', substantially affecting early light curves of Type IIP supernovae. We find that the mass-loss rates of the progenitors need to be 10(-3)-10(-2)M(circle dot) yr(-1) to explain typical rise times of 5-10 d in Type IIP supernovae assuming a dense circumstellar radius of 10(15) cm.</P>
A new generation of platinum and iodine free efficient dye-sensitized solar cells
Ahmad, Shahzada,Bessho, Takeru,Kessler, Florian,Baranoff, Etienne,Frey, Julien,Yi, Chenyi,Grä,tzel, Michael,Nazeeruddin, Mohammad K. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012 Physical chemistry chemical physics Vol.14 No.30
<P>We report a series of cobalt complexes with various polypyridyl ligands, where the oxidation potential is tuned from 0.17 to 0.34 V <I>vs.</I> ferrocene. The highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMO) of the cobalt complexes were stabilized by adding electron acceptor groups on pyridyl or replacing pyridyl by pyrazole. These complexes are then used as one-electron redox mediators in dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) together with polymer based cathode resulting in an excellent performance. The performance of DSSCs using the molecularly engineered cobalt redox shuttle and poly(3,4-alkylthiophenes) based cathode is better than the triiodide/iodide redox shuttle with platinized cathode. The use of high surface area poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophene) based nanoporous layers allows higher catalytic activity thus minimizing the electrode–electrolyte interface issues.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Molecularly engineered cobalt redox shuttles with tunable oxidation potential, when employed with polymer cathode are new work horse for DSSCs. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c2cp41611e'> </P>