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Osteoporosis Associated with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Ryo Okazaki,Reiko Watanabe,Daisuke Inoue 대한골대사학회 2016 대한골대사학회지 Vol.23 No.3
Recent epidemiological studies have revealed that osteoporosis is closely associated with common chronic diseases including diabetes, hypertension, chronic kidney disorders, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). COPD is a chronic inflammatory airway disease but now well known to be associated with various systemic comorbidities including osteoporosis. Osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures are extremely common in COPD patients, which have significant impacts on their quality of life (QOL), activities of daily life (ADL), respiratory function, and possibly their prognosis. COPD-associated osteoporosis is however extremely under-recognized, hence undertreated. Recent studies have suggested that both decreased bone mineral density (BMD) and impaired bone quality compromise bone strength causing fractures in COPD. In COPD patients, various general clinical risk factors for osteoporosis are present including smoking, older age, low body weight, and physical inactivity. In addition, disease-related risk factors such as decreased pulmonary function, inflammation, glucocorticoid use and vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency have been linked to the development of osteoporosis in COPD. Increased awareness of osteoporosis in COPD, especially that of high prevalence of vertebral fractures is called upon among general physicians as well as pulmonologists. Routine screening for osteoporosis and risk assessment of fractures will enable physicians to diagnose COPD patients with comorbid osteoporosis at an early stage. Timely prevention of developing osteoporosis together with appropriate treatment of established osteoporosis may improve QOL and ADL of the COPD patients, preserve their lung function and eventually result in better prognosis in these patients.
The tail binds to the head-neck domain, inhibiting ATPase activity of myosin VIIA.
Umeki, Nobuhisa,Jung, Hyun Suk,Watanabe, Shinya,Sakai, Tsuyoshi,Li, Xiang-dong,Ikebe, Reiko,Craig, Roger,Ikebe, Mitsuo National Academy of Sciences 2009 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.106 No.21
<P>Myosin VIIA is an unconventional myosin, responsible for human Usher syndrome type 1B, which causes hearing and visual loss. Here, we studied the molecular mechanism of regulation of myosin VIIA, which is currently unknown. Although it was originally thought that myosin VIIA is a dimeric myosin, our electron microscopic (EM) observations revealed that full-length Drosophila myosin VIIA (DM7A) is a monomer. Interestingly, the tail domain markedly inhibits the actin-activated ATPase activity of tailless DM7A at low Ca(2+) but not high Ca(2+). By examining various deletion constructs, we found that deletion of the distal IQ domain, the C-terminal region of the tail, and the N-terminal region of the tail abolishes the tail-induced inhibition of ATPase activity. Single-particle EM analysis of full-length DM7A at low Ca(2+) suggests that the tail folds back on to the head, where it contacts both the motor core domain and the neck domain, forming an inhibited conformation. We concluded that unconventional myosin that may be present a monomer in the cell can be regulated by intramolecular interaction of the tail with the head.</P>
( Miori Ogawa ),( Hiroyuki Sagayama ),( Shinsuke Tamai ),( Reiko Momma ),( Daisuke Hoshi ),( Akiko Uchizawa ),( Go Ichikawa ),( Osamu Arisaka ),( Koichi Watanabe ) 한국운동영양학회 2021 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.25 No.3
[Purpose] Exercise is a key factor in preventing obesity and metabolic syndrome. Sumo wrestlers increase their body size from childhood for athletic advantage; however, the risk of metabolic syndrome in junior sumo wrestlers is undetermined. Preventive measures against pediatric obesity should be initiated during childhood to prevent obesity in adulthood, considering its high global incidence. We comparatively evaluated the risk factors for metabolic syndrome in junior sumo wrestlers and children with obesity. [Methods] We enrolled 70 male children (age 9-17 years [sumo group, n = 14] and 9-14 years [other sports and non-exercise groups, n = 28 each]) and evaluated their anthropometric parameters (height, weight, body mass index z-score, obesity rate, waist circumference, waist to height ratio) and hematological parameters (total, low-density, high-density, and non-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; triglycerides; plasma glucose, and glycated hemoglobin levels). [Results] The BMI z-score, obesity rate, waist circumference (p < 0.05, along with the non-exercise group), and systolic blood pressure were significantly higher and the high-density cholesterol level was lower in the sumo group than in the other sports group (p < 0.05). The waist to height ratio was significantly higher in the non-exercise group than in the other sports group (p < 0.05). No significant difference was found in other blood lipid, plasma glucose (significantly lower level than the reference range in the sumo group, p < 0.05), and glycated hemoglobin (within the reference range in all groups) levels among the three groups. [Conclusion] Junior sumo wrestlers had a larger body size and higher blood pressure than children with obesity who exercised regularly. This provides direction for future research into targeted preventive interventions against metabolic syndrome for junior sumo wrestlers with large body size.
( Sanghyun Kim ),( Harumi Itaoka ),( Hiroyuki Morikawa ),( Reiko Mitsuya ),( Takashi Kawai ),( Katsumi Watanabe ) 한국감성과학회 2014 춘계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.-
Cognitive activities in recognition directional judgment, such as short-term memory, were examined on a virtual tilted screen by using stereoscopic three-dimensional (3D) images. The virtual tilted screen was composed of 3D images; 2D images without perspective views were converted into tilted 3D images by using a simple gradient depth map. In the experiments, a cognitive bias in directional judgment was induced as participants were allowed to perceive the tilted direction through binocular disparity with positive parallax. In Experiment 1, a subjective evaluation in which tilted simple stimuli were presented on a 3D screen was performed, and participants were able to make a right or left turn on a driving simulator. The participants made a directional judgment at the intersection after viewing tilted 3D images. Experiment 2 was carried out to evaluate the rate of correct answers and searching times in four conditions: with 2D, 3D, or tilted 3D images, and tilted 3D distractors. In the tilted 3D condition, tilted 3D images were presented in the same direction as instructed via headphones (Left or Right). Images were presented in the opposite direction from that indicated via headphones in the tilted 3D distractor condition. The results suggested that the tilted 3D condition was able to easily support participants` directional judgment as well as remain in short-term memory.
Sanghyun Kim,Harumi Itaoka,Hiroyuki Morikawa,Reiko Mitsuya,Takashi Kawai,Katsumi Watanabe 대한인간공학회 2014 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2014 No.5
Cognitive activities in recognition directional judgment, such as short-term memory, were examined on a virtual tilted screen by using stereoscopic three-dimensional (3D) images. The virtual tilted screen was composed of 3D images; 2D images without perspective views were converted into tilted 3D images by using a simple gradient depth map. In the experiments, a cognitive bias in directional judgment was induced as participants were allowed to perceive the tilted direction through binocular disparity with positive parallax. In Experiment 1, a subjective evaluation in which tilted simple stimuli were presented on a 3D screen was performed, and participants were able to make a right or left turn on a driving simulator. The participants made a directional judgment at the intersection after viewing tilted 3D images. Experiment 2 was carried out to evaluate the rate of correct answers and searching times in four conditions: with 2D, 3D, or tilted 3D images, and tilted 3D distractors. In the tilted 3D condition, tilted 3D images were presented in the same direction as instructed via headphones (“Left” or “Right”). Images were presented in the opposite direction from that indicated via headphones in the tilted 3D distractor condition. The results suggested that the tilted 3D condition was able to easily support participants’ directional judgment as well as remain in short-term memory.