Performance Evaluation of Coated Carbide Tool in Machining of Stainless Steel (AISI 202) under Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL)

J. S. Dureja,Ranjit Singh,Talwinder Singh,Pargat Singh,Manu Dogra,Manpreet S. Bhatti 한국정밀공학회 2015 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.2 No.2

The benefits of cutting fluids in machining are well known, but their use is accompanied by health and environment hazards. Moreover, strict environmental regulations make the manufacturers to switch over to dry turning, which is not feasible during machining of sticky material like stainless steel and Inconel etc. Therefore, the use of minimal quantities of lubricant (MQL) can be regarded as an alternative solution and a step towards green machining. In the present investigation an attempt has been made to explore the potential of MQL turning of stainless steel with coated carbide cutting tool. Turning under MQL conditions has shown superior results (in terms of flank wear and machined surface roughness) over wet and dry turning. Signal to noise (S/N) ratio as per Taguchi design revealed speed and MQL as significant parameters for minimizing flank wear and surface roughness, whereas feed can be set within range. The optimum combination of parameters are cutting speed (58 m/min), feed rate (0.06 mm/rev.) and MQL flow rate (100 mL/h) for flank wear and cutting speed (23 m/min), feed rate (0.07 mm/rev.) and MQL flow rate (150 mL/h) for surface roughness. Taguchi optimized conditions were validated through multiple response optimization using desirability function.

A Novel Approach for Task Scheduling in Parallel Computing using Priority Attributes

Ranjit Rajak,Shobhit Gupta,Girish Kumar Singh,Sanjay Jain 한국산학기술학회 2015 SmartCR Vol.5 No.4

The major objective of any task-scheduling algorithm in parallel computing is to minimize the overall scheduling length. In this research paper, we present a task-scheduling algorithm in parallel computing called the Critical Path and b-level Based Task Scheduling algorithm. This algorithm is based on a new attribute, which is called the CPB attribute, which is based on two well-known priority attributes: Critical Path and B-Level. This algorithm uses entry tasks as duplicates in all of the available processors. The major objective of any task-scheduling algorithm is to minimize the overall scheduling length. Here, an application program in task scheduling is represented by a directed acyclic graph. We consider all processors to be homogenous in nature and fully connected. The Critical Path and b-level Based Task Scheduling algorithm gives a minimum scheduling length when compared to heuristic task-scheduling algorithms like the HLFET, MCP, DLS, and ETF. We have also done an analysis of the proposed algorithm and heuristic algorithms based on other priority attributes: Speedup, Efficiency, Scheduling Length Ratio, Load Balancing, and Cost.

Arbitrary Processor Network Scheduling Algorithms in Parallel Computing

Shobhit Gupta,Ranjit Rajak,Girish Kumar Singh,Sanjay Jain 한국산학기술학회 2015 SmartCR Vol.5 No.3

Task scheduling in parallel computing is represented by a directed acyclic graph, and it is called multiprocessor task scheduling. The primary objective of task scheduling algorithm is to minimize the total execution time i.e. scheduling length. There are various types of task scheduling algorithms: Bound Number of Processor Scheduling, and Arbitrary Processor Network Scheduling Algorithms. Bound Number of Processor Scheduling algorithms are used for limited number of processors; since it does not use task duplication, link contention, and routing strategy for communication. But Arbitrary Processor Network scheduling algorithms are considered for link contention routing strategy in communication. It uses arbitrary network topology. In this paper, we have studied different Arbitrary Processor Network scheduling algorithms: Mapping Heuristic, Dynamic Level Scheduling, Bottom Up, and Bubble Scheduling and Allocation. The primary objective of this survey paper is to explain various Arbitrary Processor Network scheduling algorithms and their functionality, priority attributes, and time complexity. The performance metrics can also be used for comparison of different Arbitrary Processor Network scheduling algorithms.

Review of Task Duplication Based (TDB) Scheduling Algorithms

Shobhit Gupta,Ranjit Rajak,Girish Kumar Singh,Sanjay Jain 한국산학기술학회 2015 SmartCR Vol.5 No.1

Task scheduling is a well-known NP-complete problem. It is one of the research areas in parallel computing. Task scheduling consists of an application program and a set of processors for allocating the various tasks. An application program is represented using a directed acyclic graph(DAG) and a set of processors that are homogenous and fully connected. In this paper, we study different task duplication-based (TDB) scheduling algorithms and their priority attributes and time complexity. Also, we will discuss different types of performance metrics in task scheduling algorithms. These performance metrics help to analyze different task scheduling algorithms.

Design and Characterization of Colon-specific Drug Delivery System Containing Paracetamol Microsponges

Vikas Jain,Ranjit Singh 대한약학회 2011 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.34 No.5

The present work was aimed at designing microsponge based colon specific drug delivery system containing paracetamol. Eudragit S-100 based microsponges containing drug in varying amounts were prepared using quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion method. The microsponges were prepared by optimizing various process parameters. DSC and FTIR studies indicated compatibility of the drug in various formulations. Shape and surface morphology of the microsponges were examined using scanning electron microscopy. The formulations were subjected to in vitro release studies and the results were evaluated kinetically and statistically. The in vitro release data showed a bi-phasic pattern with an initial burst effect. In the first hour drug release from microsponges was found to be between 18-30%. The cumulative percent release at the end of 12th hour was noted to be between 74-98%. The release kinetics showed that the data followed Higuchi model and the main mechanism of drug release was diffusion. The colon specific tablets were prepared by compressing the microsponges followed by coating with pectin: hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) mixture. In vitro release studies exhibited that compression coated colon specific tablet formulations started releasing the drug at 6th hour corresponding to the arrival time at proximal colon. The study presents a new approach for colon specific drug delivery.

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of the Pap Smear as a Screening Procedure Among Nurses in a Tertiary Hospital in North Eastern India

Thippeveeranna, Chamaraja,Mohan, Surekha Sadhana,Singh, Laiphrakpam Ranjit,Singh, Naorem Nabakishore Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.2

Background: Cancer of the uterine cervix is one of the most common cancers among women worldwide. Industrialized countries have dramatically reduced the incidence of mortality from cervical carcinoma in the last 50 years through aggressive screening programs utilizing pelvic examinations and Papanicolaou (Pap) smears but it still remains a major problem in the developing world. Objectives: This study was performed to determine knowledge, attitude and practice of Pap smear as a screening procedure among nurses in a tertiary hospital in north eastern India. Material and Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out with a questionnaire survey covering the socio demographic factors, knowledge, attitude and practices about Pap smear screening among 224 nurses in Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur, India during December 2011. Results: Two hundred and twenty one participants (98.6%) had heard about cervical carcinoma but 18.3% lacked adequate knowledge regarding risk factors. Knowledge about the Pap smear was adequate in 88.8% of the respondents. Out of these, only 11.6% had Pap smear at least once previously. The most common reasons for non-participation in screening were lack of any symptoms (58.4%), lack of counselling (42.8%), physician does not request (29.9%) and fear of vaginal examination (20.5%). Conclusion: Although knowledge of Pap smear as a screening procedure for cervical cancer is high, practice is still low. The nurses who should be responsible for opportunistic screening of women they care for are not keen on getting screened themselves. If we can improve the practice of Pap smear screening in such experts, they should be able to readily provide appropriate and accurate information and motivate the general population to join screening programs.

Protective efficacy of Coriandrum sativum seeds against arsenic induced toxicity in Swiss albino mice

Kumar Arun,Kumar Vikas,Akhouri Vivek,Kumar Ranjit,Ali Mohammad,Rashmi Tuhin,Chand Gyanendra Bahadur,Singh Sushil Kumar,Ghosh Ashok Kumar 한국독성학회 2022 Toxicological Research Vol.38 No.4

Arsenic poisoning in ground water is one of the most sensitive environmental pollutant causing serious pollution all over the world. Chronic arsenic exposure through drinking water to humans leads to major public health related issues. There have been very meagre studies which reported that, the plant constituents proved to exhibit protective effect from arsenicosis. Therefore, the present study aims to evaluate the protective efficacy of Coriandrum sativum seeds extract against sodium arsenite induced toxicity in Swiss albino mice. In the present study twenty-four male healthy Swiss albino mice (30 ± 5 g) were divided into four groups (n = 6), where the control group received normal diet and water; group II and group III treated with sodium arsenite (2 mg per kg body weight per day) for 2 and 4 weeks respectively. The group IV mice were administered with C.sativum seeds extract at the dose of 150 mg per kg body weight per day for 4 weeks upon sodium arsenite pretreated (2 mg/kg body weight for 4 weeks per day) mice. After the complete dose duration, all the treatment group animals were sacrificed same day for haematological, biochemical and histopathological study. In the arsenic treated mice, there were significant (p < 0.0001) changes in the serum levels of ALT, AST, ALP, urea, uric acid and creatinine as well as in the haematological parameters. In contrast, after the administration with C.sativum seeds extract upon arsenic pretreated mice, there was significant (p < 0.0001) improvement observed in the hepatic and renal biomarker parameters as well as haematological variables. In the arsenic intoxicated mice, after administration with C.sativum seeds extract there was significant (p < 0.0001) reduction in the arsenic concentration in blood, liver and kidney tissues as well as in the serum LPO levels. Furthermore, the histopathological study showed that, C.sativum seeds extract administrated group of mice significantly restored the liver and kidney at cellular level against arsenic induced toxicity. The entire study concludes that C.sativum seeds extract possesses the ameliorative effect against arsenic induced liver and kidney intoxication.

Pandemic induced lockdown as a boon to the Environment: trends in air pollution concentration across India

Gautam Alok Sagar,Sanjeev Kumar,Sneha Gautam,Aryan Anand,Ranjit Kumar,Abhishek Joshi,Kuldeep Bauddh,Karan Singh 한국기상학회 2021 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.57 No.4

The present paper designed to understand the variations in the atmospheric pollutants viz. PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, and CO during the COVID-19 pandemic over eight most polluted Indian cities (Mumbai, Delhi, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Lucknow, Chandigarh, Kolkata, and Ahmedabad). A significant reduction in the PM2.5 (63%), PM10 (56%), NO2 (50%), SO2 (9%), and CO (59%) were observed over Major Dhyan Chand Stadium. At Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport, a decline of 44% in PM2.5 and 50% in PM10 was seen just a week during the initial phase of the lockdown. Gaseous pollutants (NO2, SO2 & CO) dropped up-to 36, 16, and 41%, respectively. The Air Quality Index (AQI) shows a dramatic change from 7% to 67% during observation at Chandigarh and Ballygunge during the inspection. Whereas, Ahmedabad, Worli, Income Tax Office, Talkatora, Lalbagh, and Ballygaunge have showed a significant change in AQI from 25.76% to 68.55%. However, Zoo Park, CST, Central School, and Victoria show relatively low variation in AQI in the range of 3.0% to 14.50% as compare to 2019 after lockdown. Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) analysis suggested that long range transportation of pollutants were also a part and parcel contributing to changes in AQI which were majorly coming from the regions of Iran, Afghanistan, Saudi Arabia, as well as a regional grant from Indian Gangatic plains and Delhi Non-capital region.