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Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Novel 5-(heteroaryl)isoxazole Derivatives
RamaRao, R. Janaki,Rao, A.K.S. Bhujanga,Sreenivas, N.,Kumar, B. Suneel,Murthy, Y. L. N. Korean Chemical Society 2011 대한화학회지 Vol.55 No.2
Isoxazole계 화합물을 합성하고 항균활성연구를 수행하였다. 3-Di(alkylamino)acryloalkanones을 hydroxylamine hydrochloride 또는 hydroxylamine-O-sulphonic acid와 반응시켜서 target isoxazole계 화합물을 합성하였다. The synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activity of novel isoxazole derivatives were reported. 3-Di (alkylamino)acryloalkanones were prepared and used as synthons to get the target isoxazole derivatives via reaction with hydroxylamine hydrochloride or hydroxylamine-O-sulphonic acid.
A Review on the Effect of Soil Compaction and its Management for Sustainable Crop Production
Shaheb Md Rayhan,Venkatesh Ramarao,Shearer Scott A. 한국농업기계학회 2021 바이오시스템공학 Vol.46 No.4
Purpose Sustainable crop production could contribute to feed and fuel for the ever-increasing global population. The use of heavy agricultural machinery has improved the efficiency of farming operations and increased global food production since the 1950s. But their negative impact on soil includes changing soil structure resulting in deteriorating soil productivity and environmental quality is being noticed for several decades. The purpose of this review is to summarize and help to better understand the effect of heavy machinery, tire inflation pressure, and field traffic on soil properties and crop development, yield, and economics of different farming systems published in the last 20 years. Methods Search engines such as Google Scholar, Scopus, Science Direct, Springer Link, Wiley Online, Taylor & Francis Online, Academia, and Research Gate platforms were used to collect and review the articles. This review includes indexed journals, conference and symposium proceedings, reports, academic presentations, and thesis/dissertations. Results Soil compaction increases bulk density and soil strength and reduces soil porosity and soil hydraulic properties. Stunted plant root growth due to compaction of soil affects crop growth and development, and yield. Soil compaction resulting from heavy machinery traffic caused a significant crop yield reduction of as much as 50% or even more, depending upon the magnitude and the severity of compaction of the soil. Conclusions High gross weight vehicles/machinery traffic damages soil structure and soil environment that are critical for sustainable crop production. The use of heavy machinery such as subsoiling for removing soil compaction results in more fuel use, increased use of energy, cost, and sometimes risks of re-compaction, further deteriorating soil conditions and causing additional adverse environmental consequences. The economics of different farming systems affected by soil compaction, potential soil compaction management strategies, and future research needs have also been discussed.
Inter-operator Variability of Electrodermal Measure at Jing Well Points using AcuGraph 3
Bhawna Sharma,Alex Hankey,Hongasandra Ramarao Nagendra,Kaniyamparambil Baburajan Meenakshy 사단법인약침학회 2014 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.7 No.1
Recent studies have found that many factors, both biological and operator induced, influ- ence electrodermal measurements. Here, we report on operator variability for a series of measurements made by four operators at Jing-Well points on 132 individuals of both sexes (68 males and 64 females) by using the AcuGraph 3 ‘Digital Meridian Imaging Tool’: Opera- tor 1 (16 males, 12 females), Operator 2 (18 males, 13 females), Operator 3 (15 males, 21 females), and Operator 4 (19 males, 18 females). The individuals studied were attending a yoga therapy program for type 2 diabetes mellitus and were assessed on the 1st day of treatment. Large inter-operator variations in overall acumeridian energy readings were observed. For individual meridians, the AcuGraph 3 measure differed by up to 42 points for minimum values and 67 points for maximum values. After normalization, the data showed similar patterns between different acumeridians. This suggested that variations were caused by operators applying different pressures when making measurements. Thus, inter-operator variability should be considered when interpreting electrodermal measurements made by several different operators. Unless inter-operator variability is taken into account, actual values may not have meaning; only then can readings for the same population taken by different operators be evaluated correctly.
Tikhe Sham Ganpat,Nagendra Hongasandra Ramarao 셀메드 세포교정의약학회 2011 TANG Vol.1 No.1
Excessive stress is harmful to academic performance in children and may lead to dropping out of school. To meet the demands of a modern life-style which is full of speed, stress and tension, an all-round child health program is crucial. The use of yoga for children has diverse applications in maintaining and developing their physical, mental, intellectual, emotional and spiritual levels. Yoga, through its physical postures (asana), breathing practices (pranayama), cleansing techniques (kriya), meditation therapies (dhyana) and relaxation training (yoga nidra) yields a positive effect in the management of stress in children. Yoga practice benefited children by improving their eye-hand coordination, attention span, levels of concentration, competitive performance and relaxation. Visually impaired children showed a significant decrease in their abnormal anxiety levels when they practiced yoga for three weeks, while a program of physical activity had no such effect. Socially disadvantaged children in a remand home showed significant improvements in sleep, appetite and general well being, as well as a decrease in physiological arousal after yoga. In one study, it is found that a 4-week program of asana and meditation lowers the aggressive behavior of children. Meditation helped to reduce problems related to maladaptive behavior, increase emotional and physical health and psychological well-being in children. Finally, the possible role of yoga in improving the mental state and general well-being of children with cancer is being explored.
Byeongcheol Min,Surya N. Jampana,Christoper M. Thomas,Bandaru V. Ramarao 한국펄프·종이공학회 2018 펄프.종이技術 Vol.50 No.2
Buffer substitution method were studied to improve the efficiency and to reduce cost of enzymatic hydrolysis of paper mill waste fines. The method is utilization of CaCO₃ in waste fine as a buffer material to substitute traditional buffer chemicals using in hydrolysis process. The 0.05M of sodium acetate buffer required 8.2 ㎏ of sodium acetate and 2.0 ㎏ of acetic acid per 100 ㎏ of waste fines to make the pH 5. When buffer solution and waste fines were mixed, the pH of the mixture shifted to 6.5-7.0 due to the dissociation of CaCO₃. The shifted pH was adjusted with addition of extra acids such as sulfuric acid and acetic acid to reach the pH to 5.2. Adjustment of pH increased waste fine hydrolysis yield from 33.7% to 41.4% by addition of extra acetic acid as much as 6.3 ㎏ per 100 kg of waste fines. For the buffer substitution method, only 7.7 ㎏ of acetic acid was demanded without sodium acetate for the same pH level (pH 5.2) of the mixture. The buffer substitution method resulted in 40.8% of hydrolysis yield which was comparable result of pH adjustment of buffer. The buffer substitution method reduced the requirement of 8.2 ㎏ of sodium acetate and 0.6 ㎏ of acetic acid for 100 ㎏ of waste fine hydrolysis. Addition of sulfuric acid resulted adverse effects compared to addition of acetic acid for both pH adjustment and buffer substitution.
Seismic performance evaluation of mid-rise shear walls: experiments and analysis
Y.M. Parulekar,G.R. Reddy,R.K. Singh,N. Gopalkrishnan,G.V. Ramarao 국제구조공학회 2016 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.59 No.2
Seismic performance evaluation of shear wall is essential as it is the major lateral load resisting member of a structure. The ultimate load and ultimate drift of the shear wall are the two most important parameters which need to be assessed experimentally and verified analytically. This paper comprises the results of monotonic tests, quasi-static cyclic tests and shake-table tests carried out on a midrise shear wall. The shear wall considered for the study is 1:5 scaled model of the shear wall of the internal structure of a reactor building. The analytical simulation of these tests is carried out using micro and macro modeling of the shear wall. This paper mainly consists of modification in the hysteretic macro model, developed for RC structural walls by Lestuzzi and Badoux in 2003. This modification is made by considering the stiffness degradation effect observed from the tests carried out and this modified model is then used for nonlinear dynamic analysis of the shear wall. The outcome of the paper gives the variation of the capacity, the failure patterns and the performance levels of the shear walls in all three types of tests. The change in the stiffness and the damping of the wall due to increased damage and cracking when subjected to seismic excitation is also highlighted in the paper.