Alteration of pharmacokinetics of oxytetracycline following oral administration of Piper longum in hens

C.Varshneya,M. Singh,R.S. Telang,A.K. Srivastava 대한수의학회 2005 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.6 No.3

The pharmacokinetic profile of orally administered oxytetracycline (10mg/kg body weight) was studied 7 days post oral treatment of Piper longum (15 mg equivalent/kg) in White Leghorn hens (2-2.8 kg). On the day 8, oxytetracycline (OTC) was administered orally and blood samples were collected from the wing vein in heparinised vials for plasma separation at 0 (pre-treatment), 15, 30, 60, 120, 240, 360, 480 and 600 minutes post OTC administration. Plasma OTC concentrations were determined by microbial assay technique using Bacillus cereus var. mycoides (ATCC 11778) as test organism. The plasma levels of OTC against time were adequately described by one compartment open model. The pharmacokinetic data revealed that P. longum treated animals had significantly higher area under curve (AUC), area under the first moment of plasma drug concentration-time curve (AUMC) and mean residential time (MRT). Prior treatment of P. longum significantly reduced elimination rate constant (β) and increased elimination half life (t½β). The total body clearance (ClB)reduced by 21% whereas total duration of pharmacological effect (td) increased by 29%. The treatment with P. longum reduced loading and maintenance dose by 33.3 and 39%,respectively.

Implications of Site‐specific Mass Absorption Cross‐section (MAC) to Black Carbon Observations at a High‐altitude Site in the Central Himalaya

Priyanka Srivastava,Manish Naja,T. R. Seshadri,Hema Joshi,U. C. Dumka,Mukunda M. Gogoi,S. Suresh Babu 한국기상학회 2022 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.58 No.1

Accurate estimation of black carbon (BC) from the widely used optical attenuation technique is important for the reliable assessment of their climatic impact. The optical instruments use Mass Absorption Cross-section (MAC) for converting light attenuation records to BC mass concentrations and Aethalometer is a widely used optical instrument for BC estimation. Several studies have shown large variability inMAC values. It is thus necessary to examine the accuracy and consistency ofMAC values obtained using Aethalometer over distinct geographic locations and seasons. In the present study, MAC values are derived using simultaneous observations (2014–2017) from an EC-OC analyzer and an Aethalometer (AE-42) over a high altitude central Himalayan site at Nainital (29.4oN, 79.5oE, 1958 a.m.s.l). The observations reveal that the annual mean value of MAC (5.03 ± 0.03 m2g− 1 at 880nm) is significantly lower than the constant value used by the manufacturer (16.6 m2g− 1 at 880nm). The estimated MAC values also showed significant seasonal variation, spanning over a range from 3.7 to 6.6 m2g− 1. It is found that the seasonal variability of elemental carbon (EC), air mass variation and meteorological parameters play an important role in the changes in MAC values over this region. Multi-wavelength determination of MAC shows the contribution of absorption by species other than EC at shorter wavelengths.MAC does not show a clear diurnal variation, unlike EC and absorption coefficient. The slope of EC vs. corrected equivalent black carbon (eBC) showed a significant improvement during all seasons when compared with uncorrected eBC. This lends credibility to the fact that the use of site-specific MAC leads to more reliable estimates of eBC over the central Himalayan region. It is found that, instead of using the site specific MAC value, had we used the one supplied by the instrument, we would have underestimated the radiative forcing by about 7.8Wm− 2 which amounts to a reduction by 24 %.

A Distribution Automation System Simulator for Training and Research

Gupta R. P.,Srivastava S. C. The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2005 KIEE International Transactions on Power Engineeri Vol.a5 No.2

This paper presents the design and development of a scaled down physical model for power Distribution Automation (DA) system simulation. The developed DA system simulator is useful in providing hands-on experience to utility engineers / managers to familiarize with the DA system and gain confidence in managing the power distribution system from the computer aided distribution control center. The distribution automation system simulator can be effectively used to carry out further research work in this area. This also helps the undergraduate and graduate students to understands the power distribution automation technology in the laboratory environment. The developed DA simulator has become an integral part of a distribution automation lab in the Electrical Engineering Department at Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur in India.

Degradation of organic light emitting diode: Heat related issues and solutions

Tyagi, P.,Srivastava, R.,Giri, L.I.,Tuli, S.,Lee, C. Elsevier Sequoia] 2016 Synthetic metals Vol.216 No.-

Degradation of organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) is the most serious obstacle towards their commercialization. OLED degrades due to various internal and external mechanisms. External degradation is mainly caused due to the instability of low work function cathode, pin-hole formation during fabrication which provides a path for oxygen and moisture infiltration. Operation of OLED also leads to degradation with major causes being morphological instability of organic layers, trap formation, indium or oxygen diffusion from anode, interface deterioration etc. Heat generation in the OLED also acts as a source of degradation. Most of the heat is generated instantaneously upon biasing of OLED due to resistive or Joule heating as a consequence of high resistance of organic layers and non-radiative recombination. Generated heat can be reduced by reducing the effects of the generation sources such as improving conductivity of organic layers by doping, using additional layers to improve charge injection, employing emissive layers with low recombination losses etc. However, these ways can only reduce the heat up to a certain amount. To further improve the lifetime of OLED, the generated heat can be dissipated by employing heat sinks using either thermally conducting substrate or encapsulation etc. We present a review on OLED degradation with a particular focus on heat generation, its consequences and ways of reduction.

Structural and magnetic study of dysprosium substituted cobalt ferrite nanoparticles

Kumar, H.,Srivastava, R.C.,Pal Singh, J.,Negi, P.,Agrawal, H.M.,Das, D.,Hwa Chae, K. North-Holland Pub. Co 2016 Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials Vol.401 No.-

The present work investigates the magnetic behavior of Dy<SUP>3+</SUP> substituted cobalt ferrite nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction studies reveal presence of cubic spinel phases in these nanoparticles. Raman spectra of these nanoparticles show change in intensity of Raman bands, which reflects cation redistribution in cubic spinel lattice. Saturation magnetization and coercivity decrease with increase of Dy<SUP>3+</SUP>concentration in these nanoparticles. Room temperature Mossbauer measurements show the cation redistribution in these nanoparticles and corroborates the results obtained from Raman Spectroscopic measurements. Decrease in magnetization of Dy<SUP>3+</SUP> substituted cobalt ferrite is attributed to the reduction in the magnetic interaction and cation redistribution.

Observation of size dependent attributes on the magnetic resonance of irradiated zinc ferrite nanoparticles

Jitendra Pal Singh,R.C. Srivastava,H.M. Agrawal,Prem Chand,Ravi Kumar 한국물리학회 2011 Current Applied Physics Vol.11 No.3

The present investigation aims to study the swift heavy ion irradiation induced effects in zinc ferrite nanoparticles through X-ray diffractometry, transmission electron microscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. A series of zinc ferrite nanoparticles having different crystallite sizes ranging from 12 to 62 nm have been synthesized by using the nitrates of cations and the citric acid as the host. These samples were irradiated by 100 MeV oxygen beam with two fluences 1 × 10^13 and 5 × 10^13 ions/cm^2. The XRD patterns show the deterioration of crystalline phase after irradiation. The average crystallite size decreases after irradiation. EPR analyses of the pristine and irradiated samples show that the changes depend on the average crystallite size of the pristine samples. Further, the pristine sample having a crystallite size of 62 nm passes through dominant changes after irradiation. It was observed that the number of magnetic centres decreases in the irradiated samples.

100 MeV ion irradiation in nanosized zinc ferrite

Jitendra Pal Singh,R. C. Srivastava,K. Asokan,Keun Hwa Chae 한국진공학회 2015 한국진공학회 학술발표회초록집 Vol.2015 No.2

Consequences of electronic excitations in CoFe_1.90Dy_0.10O₄

Kumar, H.,Singh, J.P.,Srivastava, R.C.,Negi, P.,Agrawal, H.M.,Asokan, K.,Won, S.O.,Chae, K.H. Elsevier 2015 CURRENT APPLIED PHYSICS Vol.15 No.12

Present work reports the irradiation induced effects in Dy<SUP>3+</SUP> doped cobalt ferrite nanoparticles in the regime of dominant electronic excitation processes induced by 100 MeV O<SUP>7+</SUP> ion irradiation. Irradiation leads to the deterioration of crystalline phase as envisaged by X-ray diffraction. Crystallite size decreases with the increase of irradiation fluence. Disappearance of certain bands in Raman spectra at higher fluence of irradiation confirms the crystalline disorder induced by electronic excitations. Fourier transform infrared spectra show onset of cation migration from tetrahedral site to octahedral site and vice versa. X-ray absorption fine structure measurements depict the preservation of valence state of metal ions after irradiation. These measurements further infer bond breaking process in irradiated materials. Magnetic measurements carried out on these materials indicate slight increase of saturation magnetization at room temperature followed by the decrease of coercive field. Obtained results are discussed on the basis of appropriate mechanism.

Consequences of electronic excitations in CoFe1.90Dy0.10O4

Hemaunt Kumar,Jitendra Pal Singh,R.C. Srivastava,P. Negi,H.M. Agrawal,Kandasami Asokan,원성옥,채근화 한국물리학회 2015 Current Applied Physics Vol.15 No.12

Present work reports the irradiation induced effects in Dy3þ doped cobalt ferrite nanoparticles in the regime of dominant electronic excitation processes induced by 100 MeV O7þ ion irradiation. Irradiation leads to the deterioration of crystalline phase as envisaged by X-ray diffraction. Crystallite size decreases with the increase of irradiation fluence. Disappearance of certain bands in Raman spectra at higher fluence of irradiation confirms the crystalline disorder induced by electronic excitations. Fourier transform infrared spectra show onset of cation migration from tetrahedral site to octahedral site and vice versa. X-ray absorption fine structure measurements depict the preservation of valence state of metal ions after irradiation. These measurements further infer bond breaking process in irradiated materials. Magnetic measurements carried out on these materials indicate slight increase of saturation magnetization at room temperature followed by the decrease of coercive field. Obtained results are discussed on the basis of appropriate mechanism.

Crystallite size induced crossover from paramagnetism to superparamagnetism in zinc ferrite nanoparticles

Singh, J.P.,Gautam, S.,Srivastava, R.C.,Asokan, K.,Kanjilal, D.,Chae, K.H. Academic Press 2015 Superlattices and microstructures Vol.86 No.-

Present work investigates the crossover from paramagnetism to superparamagnetism as a function of crystallite size in zinc ferrite nanoparticles using near edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Synthesized paramagnetic and superparamagnetic nanoparticles exhibit presence of Fe<SUP>2+</SUP> and Fe<SUP>3+</SUP> ions with dominant concentration of Fe<SUP>3+</SUP> ions. Fe L- and O K-edges spectra of paramagnetic nanoparticles consist of more intense spectral features compared to that of superparamagnetic nanoparticles. This reflects enhanced t<SUB>2g</SUB> and e<SUB>g</SUB> symmetry states of Fe-O hybridized states in paramagnetic nanoparticles induced by increased degree of crystallization.