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Joe Scott,Eun Chan Yang,John A. West,Akiko Yokoyama,Hee Jeong Kim,Susan Loiseaux de Goër,Charles J. O’Kelly,Evguenia Orlova,김수연,Jeong Kwang Park,윤환수 한국조류학회I 2011 ALGAE Vol.26 No.4
The marine unicellular red algal genus Rhodella was established in 1970 by L. V. Evans with a single species R. maculata based on nuclear projections into the pyrenoid. Porphyridium violaceum was described by P. Kornmann in 1965 and transferred to Rhodella by W. Wehrmeyer in 1971 based on plastid features and the non-parietal position of the nucleus. Molecular and fine structural evidences have now revealed that Rhodella maculata and R. violacea are one species, so R. violacea has nomenclatural priority and the correct name is Rhodella violacea (Kornmann) Wehrmeyer. The status of families within Rhodellophyceae was examined. The order Dixoniellales and family Dixoniellaceae are emended to include only Dixoniella and Neorhodella. The order Rhodellales and family Rhodellaceae are emended to include Rhodella and Corynoplastis. Glaucosphaera vacuolata Korshikov and the Glaucosphaeraceae Skuja (1954) with an emended description are transferred to the Glaucosphaerales ord. nov.
The Genomic Landscape and Clinical Relevance of A-to-I RNA Editing in Human Cancers
Han, L.,Diao, L.,Yu, S.,Xu, X.,Li, J.,Zhang, R.,Yang, Y.,Werner, Henrica M.J.,Eterovic, A.,Yuan, Y.,Li, J.,Nair, N.,Minelli, R.,Tsang, Y.,Cheung, Lydia W.T.,Jeong, K.,Roszik, J.,Ju, Z.,Woodman, Scott Cell Press 2015 CANCER CELL Vol. No.
Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing is a widespread post-transcriptional mechanism, but its genomic landscape and clinical relevance in cancer have not been investigated systematically. We characterized the global A-to-I RNA editing profiles of 6,236 patient samples of 17 cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas and revealed a striking diversity of altered RNA-editing patterns in tumors relative to normal tissues. We identified an appreciable number of clinically relevant editing events, many of which are in noncoding regions. We experimentally demonstrated the effects of several cross-tumor nonsynonymous RNA editing events on cell viability and provide the evidence that RNA editing could selectively affect drug sensitivity. These results highlight RNA editing as an exciting theme for investigating cancer mechanisms, biomarkers, and treatments.
Park, Jungsun,Talukder, Amjad H.,Lim, Seon A.,Kim, Kwanghee,Pan, Ke,Melendez, Brenda,Bradley, Sherille D.,Jackson, Kyle R.,Khalili, Jahan S.,Wang, Junmei,Creasy, Caitlin,Pan, Bih-Fang,Woodman, Scott E AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER RESEARCH 2017 Cancer Immunology Research Vol.5 No.8
<P>T cell–based immunotherapy against melanoma-associated antigens can result in on-target/off-tumor cytotoxicity. SLC45A2, a protein overexpressed in melanoma compared with normal melanocytes, was identified as a T-cell target that may be less prone to inducing autoimmune side effects.</P><P>Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)–based immunotherapies have had remarkable success at generating objective clinical responses in patients with advanced metastatic melanoma. Although the melanocyte differentiation antigens (MDA) MART-1, PMEL, and tyrosinase were among the first melanoma tumor-associated antigens identified and targeted with immunotherapy, expression within normal melanocytes of the eye and inner ear can elicit serious autoimmune side effects, thus limiting their clinical potential as CTL targets. Using a tandem mass spectrometry (MS) approach to analyze the immunopeptidomes of 55 melanoma patient–derived cell lines, we identified a number of shared HLA class I–bound peptides derived from the melanocyte-specific transporter protein SLC45A2. Antigen-specific CTLs generated against HLA-A*0201- and HLA-A*2402–restricted SLC45A2 peptides effectively killed a majority of HLA-matched cutaneous, uveal, and mucosal melanoma cell lines tested (18/25). CTLs specific for SLC45A2 showed significantly reduced recognition of HLA-matched primary melanocytes that were, conversely, robustly killed by MART1- and PMEL-specific T cells. Transcriptome analysis revealed that SLC45A2 mRNA expression in normal melanocytes was less than 2% that of other MDAs, therefore providing a more favorable melanoma-to-melanocyte expression ratio. Expression of SLC45A2 and CTL sensitivity could be further upregulated in BRAF(V600E)-mutant melanoma cells upon treatment with BRAF or MEK inhibitors, similarly to other MDAs. Taken together, our study demonstrates the feasibility of using tandem MS as a means of discovering shared immunogenic tumor-associated epitopes and identifies SLC45A2 as a promising immunotherapeutic target for melanoma with high tumor selectivity and reduced potential for autoimmune toxicity. <I>Cancer Immunol Res; 5(8); 618–29. ©2017 AACR</I>.</P>
Surgical revascularization for Moyamoya disease in the United States: A cost-effectiveness analysis
Wali Arvin R.,Santiago-Dieppa David. R.,Srinivas Shanmukha,Brandel Michael G.,Steinberg Jeffrey A.,Rennert Robert C,Mandeville Ross,Murphy James D.,Olson Scott,Pannell J. Scott,Khalessi Alexander A. 대한뇌혈관외과학회 2021 Journal of Cerebrovascular and Endovascular Neuros Vol.23 No.1
Objective Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a vasculopathy of the internal carotid arteries with ischemic and hemorrhagic sequelae. Surgical revascularization confers upfront peri-procedural risk and costs in exchange for long-term protective benefit against hemorrhagic disease. The authors present a cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) of surgical versus non-surgical management of MMD. Methods A Markov Model was used to simulate a 41-year-old suffering a transient ischemic attack (TIA) secondary to MMD and now faced with operative versus nonoperative treatment options. Health utilities, costs, and outcome probabilities were obtained from the CEA registry and the published literature. The primary outcome was incremental cost-effectiveness ratio which compared the quality adjusted life years (QALYs) and costs of surgical and nonsurgical treatments. Base-case, one-way sensitivity, two-way sensitivity, and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed with a willingness to pay threshold of $50,000. Results The base case model yielded 3.81 QALYs with a cost of $99,500 for surgery, and 3.76 QALYs with a cost of $106,500 for nonsurgical management. One-way sensitivity analysis demonstrated the greatest sensitivity in assumptions to cost of surgery and cost of admission for hemorrhagic stroke, and probabilities of stroke with no surgery, stroke after surgery, poor surgical outcome, and death after surgery. Probabilistic sensitivity analyses demonstrated that surgical revascularization was the cost-effective strategy in over 87.4% of simulations. Conclusions Considering both direct and indirect costs and the postoperative QALY, surgery is considerably more cost-effective than non-surgical management for adults with MMD.
Synthesis and characterization of a tetrathiafulvalene-salphen actinide complex
Bejger, Christopher,Tian, Yong-Hui,Barker, Beau J.,Boland, Kevin S.,Scott, Brian L.,Batista, Enrique R.,Kozimor, Stosh A.,Sessler, Jonathan L. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2013 Dalton transactions Vol.42 No.19
<P>A new tetrathiafulvalene-salphen uranyl complex has been prepared. The system was designed to study the electronic coupling between actinides and a redox active ligand framework. Theoretical and experimental methods – including DFT calculations, single crystal X-ray analysis, cyclic voltammetry, NMR and IR spectroscopies – were used to characterize this new uranyl complex.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>A new tetrathiafulvalene-salphen uranyl complex has been prepared. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c3dt50698c'> </P>
( Scott K Heysell ),( Jane L Moore ),( Charles A. Peloquin Pharm ),( David Ashkin ),( Eric R Houpt ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2015 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.78 No.2
Background: Reports of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) for second-line medications to treat multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) remain limited. Methods: A retrospective cohort from the Virginia state tuberculosis (TB) registry, 2009-2014, was analyzed for TDM usage in MDR-TB. Drug concentrations, measured at time of estimated peak (Cmax), were compared to expected ranges. Results: Of 10 patients with MDR-TB, 8 (80%) had TDM for at least one drug (maximum 6 drugs). Second-line drugs tested were cycloserine in seven patients (mean C2hr, 16.6±10.2 μg/mL; 4 [57%] below expected range); moxifloxacin in five (mean C2hr, 3.2±1.5 μg/mL; 1 [20%] below); capreomycin in five (mean C2hr, 21.5±14.0 μg/mL; 3 [60%] below); para-aminosalicylic acid in five (mean C6hr, 65.0±29.1 μg/mL; all within or above); linezolid in three (mean C2hr, 11.4±4.1 μg/mL, 1 [33%] below); amikacin in two (mean C2hr, 35.3±3.7 μg/mL; 1 [50%] below); ethionamide in one (C2hr, 1.49 μg/mL, within expected). Two patients died: a 38-year-old woman with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome and TB meningitis without TDM, and a 76-year-old man with fluoroquinolone-resistant (pre-extensively drug-resistant) pulmonary TB and low linezolid and capreomycin concentrations. Conclusion: Individual pharmacokinetic variability was common. A more standardized approach to TDM for MDR-TB may limit over-testing and maximize therapeutic gain.
The source counts of submillimetre galaxies detected at λ= 1.1 mm
Scott, K. S.,Wilson, G. W.,Aretxaga, I.,Austermann, J. E.,Chapin, E. L.,Dunlop, J. S.,Ezawa, H.,Halpern, M.,Hatsukade, B.,Hughes, D. H.,Kawabe, R.,Kim, S.,Kohno, K.,Lowenthal, J. D.,Montañ,a, A. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2012 Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Vol.423 No.1
<P><B>ABSTRACT</B></P><P>The source counts of galaxies discovered at submillimetre and millimetre wavelengths provide important information on the evolution of infrared‐bright galaxies. We combine the data from six blank‐field surveys carried out at 1.1 mm with AzTEC, totalling 1.6 deg<SUP>2</SUP> in area with root‐mean‐square depths ranging from 0.4 to 1.7 mJy, and derive the strongest constraints to date on the 1.1 mm source counts at flux densities <I>S</I><SUB>1100</SUB>= 1–12 mJy. Using additional data from the AzTEC Cluster Environment Survey to extend the counts to <I>S</I><SUB>1100</SUB>∼ 20 mJy, we see tentative evidence for an enhancement relative to the exponential drop in the counts at <I>S</I><SUB>1100</SUB>∼ 13 mJy and a smooth connection to the bright source counts at >20 mJy measured by the South Pole Telescope; this excess may be due to strong‐lensing effects. We compare these counts to predictions from several semi‐analytical and phenomenological models and find that for most the agreement is quite good at flux densities ≳ 4 mJy; however, we find significant discrepancies (≳ 3σ) between the models and the observed 1.1‐mm counts at lower flux densities, and none of them is consistent with the observed turnover in the Euclidean‐normalized counts at <I>S</I><SUB>1100</SUB>≲ 2 mJy. Our new results therefore may require modifications to existing evolutionary models for low‐luminosity galaxies. Alternatively, the discrepancy between the measured counts at the faint end and predictions from phenomenological models could arise from limited knowledge of the spectral energy distributions of faint galaxies in the local Universe.</P>
Heysell, Scott K.,Moore, Jane L.,Peloquin, Charles A.,Ashkin, David,Houpt, Eric R. The Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory 2015 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.78 No.2
Background: Reports of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) for second-line medications to treat multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) remain limited. Methods: A retrospective cohort from the Virginia state tuberculosis (TB) registry, 2009-2014, was analyzed for TDM usage in MDR-TB. Drug concentrations, measured at time of estimated peak ($C_{max}$), were compared to expected ranges. Results: Of 10 patients with MDR-TB, 8 (80%) had TDM for at least one drug (maximum 6 drugs). Second-line drugs tested were cycloserine in seven patients (mean $C_{2hr}$, $16.6{\pm}10.2{\mu}g/mL$; 4 [57%] below expected range); moxifloxacin in five (mean $C_{2hr}$, $3.2{\pm}1.5{\mu}g/mL$; 1 [20%] below); capreomycin in five (mean $C_{2hr}$, $21.5{\pm}14.0{\mu}g/mL$; 3 [60%] below); para-aminosalicylic acid in five (mean $C_{6hr}$, $65.0{\pm}29.1{\mu}g/mL$; all within or above); linezolid in three (mean $C_{2hr}$, $11.4{\pm}4.1{\mu}g/mL$, 1 [33%] below); amikacin in two (mean $C_{2hr}$, $35.3{\pm}3.7{\mu}g/mL$; 1 [50%] below); ethionamide in one ($C_{2hr}$, $1.49{\mu}g/mL$, within expected). Two patients died: a 38-year-old woman with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome and TB meningitis without TDM, and a 76-year-old man with fluoroquinolone-resistant (pre-extensively drug-resistant) pulmonary TB and low linezolid and capreomycin concentrations. Conclusion: Individual pharmacokinetic variability was common. A more standardized approach to TDM for MDR-TB may limit over-testing and maximize therapeutic gain.
The SAMI Galaxy Survey: observing the environmental quenching of star formation in GAMA groups
Schaefer, A L,Croom, S M,Scott, N,Brough, S,Allen, J T,Bekki, K,Bland-Hawthorn, J,Bloom, J V,Bryant, J J,Cortese, L,Davies, L J M,Federrath, C,Fogarty, L M R,Green, A W,Groves, B,Hopkins, A M,Konstant Oxford University Press 2019 MONTHLY NOTICES- ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY Vol.483 No.3
Arvin R. Wali,Sarath Pathuri,Michael G. Brandel,Ryan W. Sindewald,Brian R.Hirshman,Javier A. Bravo,Jeffrey A. Steinberg,Scott E. Olson,Jeffrey S. Pannell,Alexander Khalessi,David Santiago-Dieppa 대한뇌혈관외과학회 2024 Journal of Cerebrovascular and Endovascular Neuros Vol.26 No.1
Objective: Diagnostic cerebral angiograms (DCAs) are widely used in neurosurgery due to their high sensitivity and specificity to diagnose and characterize pathology using ionizing radiation. Eliminating unnecessary radiation is critical to reduce risk to patients, providers, and health care staff. We investigated if reducing pulse and frame rates during routine DCAs would decrease radiation burden without compromising image quality.Methods: We performed a retrospective review of prospectively acquired data after implementing a quality improvement protocol in which pulse rate and frame rate were reduced from 15 p/s to 7.5 p/s and 7.5 f/s to 4.0 f/s respectively. Radiation doses and exposures were calculated. Two endovascular neurosurgeons reviewed randomly selected angiograms of both doses and blindly assessed their quality.Results: A total of 40 consecutive angiograms were retrospectively analyzed, 20 prior to the protocol change and 20 after. After the intervention, radiation dose, radiation per run, total exposure, and exposure per run were all significantly decreased even after adjustment for BMI (all p<0.05). On multivariable analysis, we identified a 46% decrease in total radiation dose and 39% decrease in exposure without compromising image quality or procedure time.Conclusions: We demonstrated that for routine DCAs, pulse rate of 7.5 with a frame rate of 4.0 is sufficient to obtain diagnostic information without compromising image quality or elongating procedure time. In the interest of patient, provider, and health care staff safety, we strongly encourage all interventionalists to be cognizant of radiation usage to avoid unnecessary radiation exposure and consequential health risks.