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A Soluble ‘Ba(Ni-ett)’ (ett = 1,1,2,2-ethenetetrathiolate) Derived Thermoelectric Material
Yaoyang Hu,Geoffrey Rivers,Michael P. Weir,David B. Amabilino,Christopher J. Tuck,Ricky D. Wildman,Oleg Makarovsky,Simon Woodward 대한금속·재료학회 2024 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.20 No.2
We describe the synthesis and characterisation of the fi rst of a new class of soluble ladder oligomeric thermoelectric materialbased on previously unutilised ethene-1,1,2,2-tetrasulfonic acid. Reaction of Ba(OH) 2 and propionic acid at a 1:1 stoichiometryleads to the formation of the previously unrecognised soluble [Ba(OH)(O 2 CEt)] H 2 O. The latter when used to hydrolyse1,3,4,6-tetrathiapentalene-2,5-dione (TPD), in the presence of NiCl 2 , forms a new material whose elemental compositionis in accord with the formula [(EtCO 2 Ba) 4 Ni 8 {(O 3 S) 2 C = C(SO 3 ) 2 } 5 ] 22H 2 O ( 4 ). Compound 4 can be pressed into pellets,drop-cast as DMSO solutions or ink-jet printed (down to sub-mm resolutions). While its room temperature thermoelectricproperties are modest (σ max 0.04 S cm −1 and Seebeck coeffi cient, α max − 25.8 μV K −1 ) we introduce a versatile new oligomericmaterial that opens new possible synthetic routes for n-type thermoelectrics.
D.L. Aminin,I.G. Agafonova,V.I. Kalinin,A.S. Silchenko,S.A. Avilov,V.A. Stonik,P.D. Collin,C. Woodward 한국식품영양과학회 2008 Journal of medicinal food Vol.11 No.3
Frondoside A, a major triterpene glycoside from North Atlantic commercially harvested sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa, possesses strong immunomodulatory properties in subtoxic doses. Frondoside A stimulates lysosomal activity of mouse macrophages in vivo at a maximal effective stimulatory dose of 0.2 μg per mouse and is maintained over 10 days. This glycoside also shows a 30% stimulation of lysosomal activity in mouse macrophages in vitro at concentrations of 0.1–0.38 μg/mL. Frondoside A enhances macrophage phagocytosis of the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus in vitro at a maximal effective concentration of 0.001 μg/mL. Frondoside A stimulates reactive oxygen species formation in macrophages in vitro at a maximal effective concentration of 0.001 μg/mL. Frondoside A stimulates an increase in the number of antibody plaque-forming cells (normally B-cells in spleen) in vivo with a maximal stimulatory effect at a concentration of 0.2 μg per mouse (stimulatory index, 1.86). Frondoside A has a weak effect upon immunoglobulin (Ig) M production after immunization with sheep erythrocytes in mice. Frondoside A does not stimulate Ig production in mice and does not significantly enhance the ovalbumin-stimulated IgM and IgG antibody levels in ovalbumin-immunized mice. Hence frondoside A is an immunostimulant of cell-based immunity including phagocytosis without a significant effect on amplification of humoral immune activity or adjuvant properties. Therefore, frondoside A may provide curative and/or preventive treatment options against diseases wherein a depleted immune status contributes to the pathological processes.