Bioprecipitation of calcium carbonate mediated by ureolysis: A review

Armstrong I. Omoregie,Enzo A. Palombo,Peter M. Nissom 대한환경공학회 2021 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.26 No.6

Ureolysis-driven microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) is a naturally occurring process facilitated through microbial activities and biogeochemical reactions to produce calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) mineral. MICP serves as an alternative ground improvement binder method to conventional technologies which is sustainable, requires low energy for its treatment process, results in a minimal carbon footprint and could offer economic benefits. In the last two decades, MICP has drawn great interest from the scientific community because of its practicality to stabilize granular soils, repair concrete cracks and remediate heavy metals. To obtain successful MICP application, it is vital to understand the conditions that favor its process. This paper, therefore, provides an overview of literature on CaCO₃ precipitation mediated by ureolysis-driven MICP and its mechanism. The review includes a discussion on sources of urease enzyme from microorganisms used to induce CaCO₃ crystal formation required for implementation of MCIP for ground improvement. Moreover, the key factors that influence the outcome of MICP and bio-engineering testing methods typically used to evaluate MICP performance are also highlighted. Finally, this review also provides insight on the current drawbacks (i.e. ammonium production, scale-up bioprocess and treatment cost) affecting MICP technology and recommendations for future consideration.

Bioprecipitation of Calcium Carbonate Mediated by Ureolysis: A review

Armstrong I. Omoregie,Enzo A. Palombo,Peter M. Nissom 대한환경공학회 2021 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.26 No.6

Ureolysis-driven microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) is a naturally occurring process facilitated through microbial activities and biogeochemical reactions to produce calcium carbonate (CaCO3) mineral. MICP serves as an alternative ground improvement binder method to conventional technologies which is sustainable, requires low energy for its treatment process, results in a minimal carbon footprint and could offer economic benefits. In the last two decades, MICP has drawn great interest from the scientific community because of its practicality to stabilize granular soils, repair concrete cracks and remediate heavy metals. To obtain successful MICP application, it is vital to understand the conditions that favor its process. This paper, therefore, provides an overview of literature on CaCO3 precipitation mediated by ureolysis-driven MICP and its mechanism. The review includes a discussion on sources of urease enzyme from microorganisms used to induce CaCO3 crystal formation required for implementation of MCIP for ground improvement. Moreover, the key factors that influence the outcome of MICP and bio-engineering testing methods typically used to evaluate MICP performance are also highlighted. Finally, this review also provides insight on the current drawbacks (i.e. ammonium production, scale-up bioprocess and treatment cost) affecting MICP technology and recommendations for future consideration.

Antiproliferative Activities of Lesser Galangal (Alpinia officinarum Hance Jam1), Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), and Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) Against Acute Monocytic Leukemia

Samson N. Omoregie,Felix O. Omoruyi,Vincent F. Wright,Lemore Jones,Paul V. Zimba 한국식품영양과학회 2013 Journal of medicinal food Vol.16 No.7

Acute monocytic leukemia (AML M5 or AMoL) is one of the several types of leukemia that are still awaiting cures. The use of chemotherapy for cancer management can be harmful to normal cells in the vicinity of the target leukemia cells. This study assessed the potency of the extracts from lesser galangal, turmeric, and ginger against AML M5 to use the suitable fractions in neutraceuticals. Aqueous and organic solvent extracts from the leaves and rhizomes of lesser galangal and turmeric, and from the rhizomes only of ginger were examined for their antiproliferative activities against THP-1 AMoL cells in vitro. Lesser galangal leaf extracts in organic solvents of methanol, chloroform, and dichloromethane maintained distinctive antiproliferative activities over a 48-h period. The turmeric leaf and rhizome extracts and ginger rhizome extracts in methanol also showed distinctive anticancer activities. The lesser galangal leaf methanol extract was subsequently separated into 13, and then 18 fractions using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Fractions 9 and 16, respectively, showed the greatest antiproliferative activities. These results indicate that the use of plant extracts might be a safer approach to finding a lasting cure for AMoL. Further investigations will be required to establish the discriminatory tolerance of normal cells to these extracts, and to identify the compounds in these extracts that possess the antiproliferative activities.

Biorisk Assessment of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories in Nigeria

Bankole Henry Oladeinde,Richard Omoregie,Ikponmwonsa Odia,Eguagie Osareniro Osakue,Odaro Stanley Imade 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 2013 Safety and health at work Vol.4 No.2

Background: The aim of this study was to assess public and private medical diagnostic laboratories in Nigeria for the presence of biosafety equipment, devices, and measures. Methods: A total of 80 diagnostic laboratories in biosafety level 3 were assessed for the presence of biosafety equipment, devices, and compliance rate with biosafety practices. A detailed questionnaire and checklist was used to obtain the relevant information from enlisted laboratories. Results: The results showed the presence of an isolated unit for microbiological work, leak-proof working benches, self-closing doors, emergency exits, fire extinguisher(s), autoclaves, and hand washing sinks in 21.3%, 71.3%, 15.0%, 1.3%, 11.3%, 82.5%, and 67.5%, respectively, of all laboratories surveyed. It was observed that public diagnostic laboratories were significantly more likely to have an isolated unit for microbiological work (p ¼ 0.001), hand washing sink (p ¼ 0.003), and an autoclave (p ? 0.001) than private ones. Routine use of hand gloves, biosafety cabinet, and a first aid box was observed in 35.0%, 20.0%, and 2.5%, respectively, of all laboratories examined. Written standard operating procedures, biosafety manuals, and biohazard signs on door entrances were observed in 6.3%, 1.3%, and 3.8%, respectively, of all audited laboratories. No biosafety officer(s) or records of previous spills, or injuries and accidents, were observed in all diagnostic laboratories studied. Conclusion: In all laboratories (public and private) surveyed, marked deficiencies were observed in the area of administrative control responsible for implementing biosafety. Increased emphasis on provision of biosafety devices and compliance with standard codes of practices issued by relevant authorities is strongly advocated.

Biorisk Assessment of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories in Nigeria

Oladeinde, Bankole Henry,Omoregie, Richard,Odia, Ikponmwonsa,Osakue, Eguagie Osareniro,Imade, Odaro Stanley Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute 2013 Safety and health at work Vol.4 No.2

Background: The aim of this study was to assess public and private medical diagnostic laboratories in Nigeria for the presence of biosafety equipment, devices, and measures. Methods: A total of 80 diagnostic laboratories in biosafety level 3 were assessed for the presence of biosafety equipment, devices, and compliance rate with biosafety practices. A detailed questionnaire and checklist was used to obtain the relevant information from enlisted laboratories. Results: The results showed the presence of an isolated unit for microbiological work, leak-proof working benches, self-closing doors, emergency exits, fire extinguisher(s), autoclaves, and hand washing sinks in 21.3%, 71.3%, 15.0%, 1.3%, 11.3%, 82.5%, and 67.5%, respectively, of all laboratories surveyed. It was observed that public diagnostic laboratories were significantly more likely to have an isolated unit for microbiological work (p = 0.001), hand washing sink (p = 0.003), and an autoclave ($p{\leq}0.001$) than private ones. Routine use of hand gloves, biosafety cabinet, and a first aid box was observed in 35.0%, 20.0%, and 2.5%, respectively, of all laboratories examined. Written standard operating procedures, biosafety manuals, and biohazard signs on door entrances were observed in 6.3%, 1.3%, and 3.8%, respectively, of all audited laboratories. No biosafety officer(s) or records of previous spills, or injuries and accidents, were observed in all diagnostic laboratories studied. Conclusion: In all laboratories (public and private) surveyed, marked deficiencies were observed in the area of administrative control responsible for implementing biosafety. Increased emphasis on provision of biosafety devices and compliance with standard codes of practices issued by relevant authorities is strongly advocated.

Tetrorchidium didymostemon leaf extract reduces Plasmodium berghei induced oxidative stress and hepatic injury in Swiss albino mice

Osamudiamen Ebohon,Francis Irabor,Ayevbuomwan Merit Esewi,Omoregie Ehimwenma Sheena 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2022 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.22 No.2

Oxidative stress, already implicated in malaria infection has been identified as one of the major contributors to the pathophysiology of malaria. This study was aimed at evaluating the effects of methanol extracts of Tetrorchidium didymostemon leaf and stem bark on Plasmodium berghei induced oxidative stress in the liver, spleen and brain of mice. P. berghei-infected mice were sacrificed on day 5 of the experiment after four days of consecutive administration of T. didymostemon extracts (250 and 500 mg/kg body weight). Thereafter, biochemical analysis and histopathological examination were carried out. The leaf extract had a significantly higher (P < 0.05) ability to reduce parasite induced alterations of antioxidant enzyme activities compared with the stem bark extract. Malondialdehyde level was significantly higher (P < 0.05) while glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities were lower in the negative control (infected mice, without treatment) relative to the treated groups. The leaf extract at 500 mg/kg body weight had a higher ability to ameliorate changes in oxidative stress and reduce hepatic injury induced by P. berghei in comparison with the other doses. The leaf extract (500 mg/kg) was able to reduce significantly hepatomegaly induced by P. berghei. Similarly, histopathological observation of the organs (liver and spleen) shows relative reversal of the cellular and morphological alteration induced by P. berghei infection following leaf extract administration. Our study suggests that treatment of P. berghei infected mice with T. didymostemon leaf extract during early infection reduces oxidative stress by preventing lipid peroxidation and normalizing glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities.

Antisickling potential of compounds derived from Detarium microcarpum (Fabaceae): in vitro and in silico studies

Merit E. Ayevbuomwan,Olusola O. Elekofehinti,Francis A. Obuseh,Ehimwenma S. Omoregie 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2021 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.21 No.4

Detarium microcarpum is a legume tree of tropical Africa, widely known for its ethno-medicinal potentials. Previous studies have reported its rich contents of phytochemicals which could be linked to the bioactive principle of the plant. The in vitro antisickling properties of D. microcarpum stem bark was evaluated using blood samples obtained from thirty-fve confrmed sickle cell disease patients using standard microscopic techniques. The research outcome showed that D. microcarpum extract inhibited sickling of red blood cells with a laudable mean diference compared to p-hydrozybenzoic acid (reference antisickling drug) which is a pure compound. To further expounds it’s mechanism of action, six compounds previously isolated from D. microcarpum stem bark and fruits was docked into the active sites of deoxy-hemoglobin (PDB ID: IGZX) and 2, 3-bisphosphoglycerate mutase (PDB ID: 1T8P) using Autodock Vina algorithm. Results from the in silico studies showed that oxokolavenic acid, 5α, 8α -2-oxokalavenic acid and Copalic acid exhibited the most favorable ligand–protein molecular interaction with deoxy-hemoglobin and 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate mutase when compared with the reference antisickling drug, hydroxyurea. The interaction of these compounds with deoxy-hemoglobin could alter hemoglobin conformation, favoring the relaxed state, thereby delaying/inhibiting hemoglobin polymerization and sickling. Their interactions with 2, 3-bisphosphoglycerate mutase could inhibit 2, 3-bisphosphoglycerate synthesis, thus delaying enhanced delivery of oxygen to tissues which is twice the case seen in sickle cell anemia. This clearly shows the possible mechanism of action of D. microcarpum and further substantiates the antisickling potential of these compounds derived from D. microcarpum leaves and fruits.

Evaluation of the Phenolic Content, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Oil and Non-Oil Extracts of Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck Seeds

Ehigbai I. Oikeh,Merit Ayevbuomwan,Francis Irabor,Aiemere O. Oikeh,Faith E. Oviasogie,Ehimwenma S. Omoregie 한국식품영양과학회 2020 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.25 No.3

The seeds of Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck (sweet orange) are waste products usually discarded. They may however contain phytochemicals that have potent bioactivities. In this study, the phenolic content, and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of oil and non-oil (solid) extracts of C. sinensis seeds were evaluated using standard protocols. The seed oil contained significantly (P>0.05) higher contents of total phenol and total flavonoid when compared to the solid extract. However, the non-oil extract contained significantly (P<0.05) higher tannin contents than the seed oil. Ferric reducing antioxidant potential was not significantly different between both extracts. The antimicrobial activities of both extracts revealed that the seed oil possesses better antibacterial activities compared to the non-oil extract. The antifungal test revealed that the seed oil significantly inhibited the growth of Candida albicans (20 ㎜ zone of inhibition at a concentration of 200 ㎍/mL), however, it did not inhibit the growth of Aspergillus niger and Penicillum sp. The minimum inhibitory concentration values against the bacterial and fungal strains were similar for both extracts in the range of 50∼100 ㎍/mL. Minimum bactericidal concentration and minimum fungicidal concentration values ranged from 100∼200 ㎍/mL for both extracts. The results in this study indicate that C. sinensis seed oil and non-oil extracts possess antioxidant, and antibacterial and antifungal properties that may be differentially exploited in the development of antimicrobial agents.