Role of Mouse and Human Autophagy Proteins in IFN-γ–Induced Cell-Autonomous Responses against <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>

Ohshima, Jun,Lee, Youngae,Sasai, Miwa,Saitoh, Tatsuya,Su Ma, Ji,Kamiyama, Naganori,Matsuura, Yoshiharu,Pann-Ghill, Suh,Hayashi, Mikako,Ebisu, Shigeyuki,Takeda, Kiyoshi,Akira, Shizuo,Yamamoto, Masahiro The American Association of Immunologists, Inc. 2014 JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY Vol.192 No.7

<P>IFN-γ mediates cellular innate immunity against an intracellular parasite, <I>Toxoplasma gondii</I>, by inducing immunity-related GTPases such as p47 IFN-γ–regulated GTPases (IRGs) and p65 guanylate-binding proteins (GBPs), which also participate in antibacterial responses via autophagy. An essential autophagy protein, Atg5, was previously shown to play a critical role in anti–<I>T. gondii</I> cell-autonomous immunity. However, the involvement of other autophagy proteins remains unknown. In this study, we show that essential autophagy proteins differentially participate in anti–<I>T. gondii</I> cellular immunity by recruiting IFN-γ–inducible GTPases. IFN-γ–induced suppression of <I>T. gondii</I> proliferation and recruitment of an IRG Irgb6 and GBPs are profoundly impaired in Atg7- or Atg16L1-deficient cells. In contrast, cells lacking other essential autophagy proteins, Atg9a and Atg14, are capable of mediating the anti–<I>T. gondii</I> response and recruiting Irgb6 and GBPs to the parasites. Although IFN-γ also stimulates anti–<I>T. gondii</I> cellular immunity in humans, whether this response requires GBPs and human autophagy proteins remains to be seen. To analyze the role of human ATG16L1 and GBPs in IFN-γ–mediated anti–<I>T. gondii</I> responses, human cells lacking ATG16L1 or GBPs were generated by the Cas9/CRISPR genome-editing technique. Although both ATG16L1 and GBPs are dispensable for IFN-γ–induced inhibition of <I>T. gondii</I> proliferation in the human cells, human ATG16L1 is also required for the recruitment of GBPs. Taken together, human ATG16L1 and mouse autophagy components Atg7 and Atg16L1, but not Atg9a and Atg14, participate in the IFN-γ–induced recruitment of the immunity-related GTPases to the intracellular pathogen.</P>

Proposed categorization of pathological states of EBV-associated T/natural killer-cell lymphoproliferative disorder (LPD) in children and young adults: Overlap with chronic active EBV infection and infantile fulminant EBV T-LPD

Ohshima, Koichi,Kimura, Hiroshi,Yoshino, Tadashi,Kim, Chul Woo,Ko, Young H.,Lee, Seung-Suk,Peh, Suat-Cheng,Chan, John K.C. Blackwell Publishing Asia 2008 Pathology international Vol.58 No.4

<P>EBV-associated T/natural killer (NK)-cell lymphoproliferative disorder (EBV-T/NK LPD) of children and young adults is generally referred to with the blanket nosological term of severe chronic active EBV infection (CAEBV). This disease is rare, associated with high morbidity and mortality, and appears to be more prevalent in East Asian countries. But because there is no grading or categorization system for CAEBV, pathologists and clinicians often disagree regarding diagnosis and therapy. EBV-T/NK LPD includes polyclonal, oligoclonal, and monoclonal proliferation of cytotoxic T and/or NK cells. Moreover, a unique disease previously described as infantile fulminant EBV-associated T-LPD has been identified and overlaps with EBV-T/NK LPD. In the present review a clinicopathological categorization of EBV-T/NK LPD is proposed, based on pathological evaluation and molecular data, as follows: (i) category A1, polymorphic LPD without clonal proliferation of EBV-infected cells; (ii) category A2, polymorphic LPD with clonality; (iii) category A3, monomorphic LPD (T-cell or NK cell lymphoma/leukemia) with clonality; and (iv) category B, monomorphic LPD (T-cell lymphoma) with clonality and fulminant course. Categories A1, A2, and A3 possibly constitute a continuous spectrum and together are equivalent to CAEBV. Category B is the exact equivalent of infantile fulminant EBV-associated T-LPD. It is expected that this categorization system will provide a guide for the better understanding of this disorder. This proposal was approved at the third meeting of the Asian Hematopathology Association (Nagoya, 2006).</P>

RUMINAL ACID CONCENTRATIONS OF GOATS FED HAYS AND SILAGES PREPARED FROM ITALIAN RYEGRASS AND ITS PRESSED CAKE

Ohshima, M.,Miyase, K.,Nishino, N.,Yokota, H. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1991 Animal Bioscience Vol.4 No.1

From the same harvest of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum, Lam.), hay(H), wilted silage(WS), pressed cake hay (PCH) and pressed cake silage (PCS) were prepared. These four preserved roughages were restrictedly fed to four goats attached with rumen fistula by $4{\times}4$ Latin square design to determine the effect of different physical and chemical properties of the roughages on the ruminal acid concentrations. Each goat was given a diet at 2% of the body weight daily in dry matter basis by separating into two equal portions. Half was given at 9 AM and the other half at 5 PM. Ruminal pH was reduced to around 5.5 within 30 minutes after feeding PCS and it was recovered above 6 in 1-2 hours after feeding. By feeding WS, ruminal pH was also reduced but never fell below 6. The two hays rather increased ruminal pH after feeding. The reduction of ruminal pH in the silage feedings was due to the high lactic acid content of the silages, because the highest ruminal lactic acid concentration was observed 30 minutes after feeding when the lowest ruminal pH was attained. While the ruminal VFA concentrations became the highest 1-2 hours after feeding. The ruminal acetic acid concentration fluctuated so much that no significant tendency was observed among the four dietary treatments. The ruminal propionic acid concentration was higher in feeding silages reflecting the initial high lactic acid concentration. As the result, acetic/propionic acid ratio was lower in the silage feedings than in hay feedings. Higher ruminal butyric acid concentration was observed in WS than in others.

Studies on Precursors of the Odor Evolved from Cooked Squid Mantle Flesh

Toshiaki Ohshima 釜山水産大學 水産食品硏究所 1991 水産食品硏究所報告 Vol.12 No.-

History, Production Development and Industry of Seafood in Japan

Toshiaki Ohshima 동아시아식생활학회 2004 동아시아식생활학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.- No.-

LETTER TO THE EDITOR : Psoriatic Arthritis That Responded Dramatically When Infliximab Was Switched to Adalimumab

( Yuichiro Ohshima ),( Yumi Kinoshita ),( Yoichi Akita ),( Yasuhiko Tamada ),( Daisuke Watanabe ) 대한피부과학회 2013 Annals of Dermatology Vol.25 No.4

Pulpal Regeneration Following Allogenic Tooth Transplantation into Mouse Maxilla

Unno, Hideki,Suzuki, Hironobu,Nakakura-Ohshima, Kuniko,Jung, Han-Sung,Ohshima, Hayato Wiley (John WileySons) 2009 The anatomical record Vol.292 No.4

<P>Autogenic tooth transplantation is now a common procedure in dentistry for replacing a missing tooth. However, there are many difficulties in clinical application of allogenic tooth transplantation because of immunological rejection. This study aims to clarify pulpal regeneration following allogenic tooth transplantation into the mouse maxilla by immunohistochemistry for 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) and nestin, and by the histochemistry for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). The upper right first molar (M1) of 2-week-old mice was extracted and allografted in the original socket in both the littermate and non-littermate after the extraction of M1. Tooth transplantation weakened the nestin-positive reactions in the pulp tissue that had shown immunoreactivity for nestin before operation. On postoperative Days 5-7, tertiary dentin formation commenced next to the preexisting dentin where nestin-positive odontoblast-like cells were arranged in all cases of the littermate group until Day 14, except for one case showing immunological rejection in the pulp chamber. In the non-littermate group, bone-like tissue formation occurred in the pulp chamber in addition to tertiary dentin formation until Day 14. The rate of tertiary dentin was 38%, and the rate of the mixed form of dentin and bone-like tissue formation was 23% (the remainder was immunological rejection). Interestingly, the periodontal tissue recovered even in the case of immunological rejection in which the pulp chamber was replaced by sparse connective tissue. These results suggest that the selection of littermate or non-littermate is decisive for the survival of odontoblast-lineage cells and that the immunological rejection does not influence the periodontal regeneration.</P>

A Study on Strength Properties and an Inner Deformation of Specimen with the Direct Shear Test of Constant Pressure Condition

김재영,Ohshima, Akihiko 한국지반공학회 2009 international journal of geo-engineering Vol.1 No.1

It is reported that inhomogeneity problem in the specimen can be solved through modification of simplified shear installing 10 to 20 times of D50 which is mean particle diameter of the specimen for the width of shear layer in the gap height between upper and lower layers of One-dimension direct shear test. However, the study on internal deformation behavior of specimen not performed yet. Therefore, we examined the internal deformation condition of the specimen while I experimented one-dimension direct shear test varying the gap height of the shear box and as for the strength compared it to the result of simplified shear test. As a conclusion, the deformation in shear testing with the lens-type shape regardless of gap size among shear boxes was happened one-dimension shear test and the strength was almost corresponded in spite of some difference in the relation between the stress and shear-displacement. It is reported that inhomogeneity problem in the specimen can be solved through modification of simplified shear installing 10 to 20 times of D50 which is mean particle diameter of the specimen for the width of shear layer in the gap height between upper and lower layers of One-dimension direct shear test. However, the study on internal deformation behavior of specimen not performed yet. Therefore, we examined the internal deformation condition of the specimen while I experimented one-dimension direct shear test varying the gap height of the shear box and as for the strength compared it to the result of simplified shear test. As a conclusion, the deformation in shear testing with the lens-type shape regardless of gap size among shear boxes was happened one-dimension shear test and the strength was almost corresponded in spite of some difference in the relation between the stress and shear-displacement.

DIGESTION OF NAPIERGRASS SILAGE BY GOATS

Yokota, H.,Ohshima, M.,Okajima, T.,Ito, Y. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1989 Animal Bioscience Vol.2 No.3

DIGESTION OF ALKALI-TREATED ALFALFA SILAGE BY GOATS

Nishino, N.,Ohshima, M.,Miyase, K.,Yokota, H. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1993 Animal Bioscience Vol.6 No.1

First crop of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) was harvested, wilted and ensiled with or without NaOH or $NH_3$, and fed to three rumen fistulated goats in a $3{\times}3$ Latin-square design. Each alkali treatment (2.44% of alfalfa dry matter) was made by spraying its solution prior to ensiling. Silage pH, $NH_3-N$ and butyric acid concentration were increased with each alkali addition, and NaOH-treated silage showed the lowest chemical quality. Compared with untreated silage, digestibilities of organic matter, ADF and cellulose were depressed by both alkali treatments, and the reductions in NaOH-treated silage were significant. Crude protein digestibility was also significantly decreased in NaOH-treated silage, but the goats receiving the silage excreted less nitrogen in urine than those on the other two silages. Nitrogen retention of goats was not different among the treatments. Ruminal solubility and potential degradability of dry matter and nitrogen determined with the in situ bag technique were reduced, and rate of degradation of the two components were increased by the NaOH treatment. Addition of $NH_3$ provided ruminal soluble nitrogen to the silage, but the rate of degradation was similar to that of untreated silage. These results suggest that NaOH treatment would denature the protein and reduce the susceptibility to microbial degradation in the rumen, while no positive effect of alkali treatment on fiber digestion and nitrogen utilization was observed in this study.