Effects of Supplemental Green LEDs to Red and Blue Light on the Growth, Yield and Quality of Hydroponic Cultivated Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) in Plant Factory

Nguyen Thi Phuong Dung(넨티덩),Tran Thi Thanh Huyen(트란티),Dong Cheol Jang(장동철),Il Seop Kim(김일섭),Nguyen Quang Thach(넨퀸탓) (사)한국생물환경조절학회 2020 생물환경조절학회지 Vol.29 No.2

본 연구는 폐쇄형 식물공장에서 시금치 수경재배시 세가지의 인공광이 생육, 광합성 및 품질에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위해 수행되었다. 세가지 광 처리구는 적색 (660nm), 청색 (450nm) 및 녹색 (550nm) LED를 사용하여, R660 / B450 = 4/1 (RBL), R660 / B450 / G550 = 5/2/3 (WWL); R660 / B450 / G550 = 1/1/1 (WL) 비율로 혼합하였고, 동일한 광도로 설정하였다 (PPFD = 190 μmol‧m<SUP>-2</SUP>‧s<SUP>-1</SUP>). 생육조사결과 초장, 엽수는 WL이 가장 적었다. SPAD, 순광합성율, Fv/Fm, LAI, 근권부 생육은 RBL이 가장 높았고 통계적으로 유의하였다. 줄기, 잎, 뿌리의 생체중, 뿌리의 건물 중은 세가지 처리구에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 대조적으로 WL의 칼륨의 함량은 WWL과 RBL 가운데 가장 높았지만, 반면 칼륨과 철의 함량은 RBL이 가장 높았다. 비타민C 함량도 시험구간 유의한 차이를 보였다. 질소와 옥살산 함량은 WL이 가장 높았고, 용해성 고체와 비타민C 함량은 RBL이 가장 높았다. 옥살산, 질소 함량은 WWL에서 감소하는 경향을 보였고, RBL의 옥살산 함량은 WL와 WWL과 차이가 없었다. 모든 처리구에서 Salmonella, E.coli. 는 감염되지 않았다. 결론적으로, RBL이 시금치의 생육에 적합하지만, 적색, 청색과 적정하게 혼합된 녹색광은 시금치의 생육에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다고 판단된다. The effect of three different light qualities on growth, photosynthesis, quality and safe parameters of hydroponic cultivated spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) were investigated indoor. Three different light qualities were created of red (660 nm), blue (450 nm) and green (550 nm) LEDs corresponding at ratio R660/B450 = 4/1 (RBL); R660/B450/G550= 5/2/3 (WWL); R660/B450/G550 = 1/1/1 (WL), which were tested at the same intensity (PPFD =190 μmol m-2 s-1). The results showed that the plant height and leaf number were the lowest in WL treatment. The SPAD, Net photosynthesis rate Pn, Fv/Fm, Leaf area index LAI values and all parameters of root characteristics were the highest in RBL treatment and were significantly different from two others. Fresh weight of stem, leaf and root, dry weight of root in the three light qualities were significantly different. In contrast, the highest K<SUP>+</SUP> content in WL was different from WWL and RBL treatments, while Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> and Fe<SUP>2+</SUP> content were the highest in the RBL treatment. Vitamin C content was significantly different between the three treatments. nitrate and oxalic acid contents were the highest in WL treatment, whereas soluble–solids contents and vitamin C contents were the highest in RBL treatment. Oxalic acid, nitrate contents were observed tending reduced under WWL although oxalic acid content in RBL treatment was not different from WL and WWL treatments. In all three different light treatments were not detected Salmonella, E.coli. Our results suggest that RBL may be appropriate light for growth of spinach, but supplementary green light to a combination of red and blue LEDs at the reasonable rate can change the quality of spinach in a positive direction. Hydroponic cultivated spinach was safe for users.

Factor Affecting Customers Satisfaction About Banking Services: Evidence from Agribank, Vietnam

NGUYEN, Dung Thi,NGUYEN, Ha Quang,PHUNG, Hanh My Tran,THAN, Hoang Viet Korea Distribution Science Association 2022 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.9 No.6

Today, customer satisfaction is the most important issue for Vietnamese banks. There are numerous factors that influence bank customers' satisfaction. The study investigates the factors that influence customer satisfaction with deposit services at the Vietnam Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (Agribank) in Bac Giang province, Vietnam, and analyses the impact of each component. The authors used 5-point Likert scales to assess whether elements were related to the factors determining consumer satisfaction with Agribank's deposit service. To perform this study, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and multiple regression were used to find factors determining customer satisfaction with Agribank services. Customers that use deposit services at Agribank in Bac Giang province, Vietnam, provided samples of 300 survey questionnaires for this study. SPSS software is used to examine the data. Customers' satisfaction with Agribank's deposit service is influenced by six factors, including reliability, responsiveness, service capabilities, empathy, tangible means, and service price, according to the study. This finding also offers some recommendations for improving service quality in local Vietnamese banks to gain a competitive advantage.

Elasticity of Market Demand between Modes of Transport in Vietnam by Price and Income

Quang Dung Truong,Hai Quang Nguyen,Dang Khoa Tran 중앙대학교 경제연구소 2020 Journal of Economic Development Vol.45 No.1

This study aims to determine the demand elasticity of passenger and freight transport market between different modes of transport in Vietnam by income, by price and by the price of substitute mode of transport (cross price). Upon consideration of the theoretical basis and inheriting the results of previous studies, this study applies a non-linear model to estimate the elasticity coefficients of demand. The analysis of the data for a 16-year period from 2001 to 2016 in Vietnam shows that as a general rule, the average per capita income is a factor that positively influences the transport market demand of different modes of transport. Freight rates, as a general rule, have an opposite effect on passenger transportation by waterway, freight transportation by road, by waterway and by air. Demand is greatly affected by the cross price in the freight transportation by air. The outcome of the research serves as a basis to propose business implications for executive management to make appropriate policies for each mode of transport and to create harmonization of all modes of transport.

Carbon-Nanotube Growth over Iron Nanoparticles Formed on CaCO3 Support by Using Hydrogen Reduction

Nguyen Duc Dung,Nguyen Van Chuc,Ngo Thi Thanh Tam,Nguyen Hong Quang,Phan Hong Khoi,Phan Ngoc Minh 한국물리학회 2008 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.52 No.5

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were grown by chemical vapor deposition on a mixture of iron salt and CaCO3. Salt mixtures of Fe(NO₃)₃9H₂O/CaCO₃ and FeCl₃6H₂O/CaCO₃ with various Fe weight contents were used as catalysts for growing the CNTs. A scanning electron microscope study revealed that the CNTs were densely grown on the Fe(NO₃)₃9H₂O/CaCO₃ catalyst containing 5 wt.% Fe. The effect of growth temperature on the segregation of Fe nanoparticles formed by hydrogen reduction is discussed. The result shows that 800 ℃ is the optimal temperature for the formation of Fe nanoparticles over which CNTs grow with the highest yield of 78.61 %. A raman spectroscope and a scanning transmission electron microscope were utilized to characterize the multiwall structure of the CNTs. The 92.16 % purity of the CNTs was determined by using thermal gravimetric analysis. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were grown by chemical vapor deposition on a mixture of iron salt and CaCO3. Salt mixtures of Fe(NO₃)₃9H₂O/CaCO₃ and FeCl₃6H₂O/CaCO₃ with various Fe weight contents were used as catalysts for growing the CNTs. A scanning electron microscope study revealed that the CNTs were densely grown on the Fe(NO₃)₃9H₂O/CaCO₃ catalyst containing 5 wt.% Fe. The effect of growth temperature on the segregation of Fe nanoparticles formed by hydrogen reduction is discussed. The result shows that 800 ℃ is the optimal temperature for the formation of Fe nanoparticles over which CNTs grow with the highest yield of 78.61 %. A raman spectroscope and a scanning transmission electron microscope were utilized to characterize the multiwall structure of the CNTs. The 92.16 % purity of the CNTs was determined by using thermal gravimetric analysis.

Determinants Influencing Information Transparency in Vietnamese Commercial Banks

NGUYEN, Minh Phuong,NGUYEN, Thi Hong Hai,HOANG, Phuong Dung,TRAN, Manh Dung,PHAM, Quang Trung Korea Distribution Science Association 2020 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.7 No.12

Information transparency ensures that market players all have the opportunity to access the same information to come up with their assessment of the banks' financial situation, performance and risks to reach effective investment decisions. This research is conducted to investigate the levels of impact of determinants on information transparency by examining the case studies of Vietnamese commercial banks. This study combines both qualitative and quantitative research methods, based on interviews of 32 specialists in banking, accounting and auditing fields, which were conducted to explore determinants influencing information transparency and to develop measurement scales. Then, a survey of 160 managers of commercial banks, audit firms, and accounting managers of firms who frequently had transactions with banks was carried out to investigate the statistical significance of these determinants. The results show that, out of seven determinants that have significant impacts on the banks' information transparency, commitment from banks' senior management regarding transparency in information disclosure has the highest impact, followed by state governance, auditing, information infrastructure, credit rating agencies, personnel and bank performance. Accordingly, we provide some recommendations for improving information transparency in the Vietnamese banking industry context as a case study and in emerging countries context in general.

Building Principles of High Voltage Relay Protection

Nguyen Doan Quoc Anh,Tran Hoang Quang Minh,Nguyen Quang Dung,Shmoilov A.V 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of u- and e- Service, Scienc Vol.9 No.10

Main characteristic of relay protection (RP) is selectivity. The fullest realization of this characteristic is given on principle operation of differential protection. On the ground of this reason and analysis of the arc monitoring the short circuits, two principles of the building RP are formulated: usual metric (which is used for building all the types existing RP with measuring relays) and proposed logical principle (on which is built arc protection, on flash of the electric arc at short circuits (SC)). The differential metric principle RP is proved to be the most appropriate for building RP on logical scheme. There are compared factors existing RZ by the approximation to logical principle of the building RP. As special principle of the building RP is distinguished the distance protection. The advantage the logical scheme of the building RZ are discussed in contrast with existing metric.

The Analysis and Principle Setting of High-Voltage Relaying Systems

Tran Hoang Quang Minh,Nguyen Doan Quoc Anh,Nguyen Quang Dung,Shmoilov A.V 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of u- and e- Service, Scienc Vol.9 No.11

In this paper, the analysis of the relay devices and systems performance (and another monitoring, controlling systems) to properties of the automatic power system objects is represented. The paradoxes of using a number of relaying are considered. Some events graduated from the current such as: prevention of violation of stability, liquid on of an asynchronous regime, differential guards of transformers and auto transformers are proposed and analyzed. The recommendations for operation increasing, selectivity and sensitivity of systems properties improving are given.

Pancreaticoduodenectomy with superior mesenteric artery first-approach combined total meso-pancreas excision for periampullary malignancies: A high-volume single-center experience with short-term outcomes

Thanh Khiem Nguyen,Ham Hoi Nguyen,Tuan Hiep Luong,Kim Khue Dang,Van Duy Le,Duc Dung Tran,Van Minh Do,Hong Quang Pham,Hoan My Pham,Thi Lan Tran,Cuong Thinh Nguyen,Hong Son Trinh,Yosuke Inoue 한국간담췌외과학회 2024 Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery Vol.28 No.1

Backgrounds/Aims: Pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is the only radical treatment for periampullary malignancies. Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) first approach combined with total meso-pancreas (MP) excision was conducted to improve the oncological results. There has not been any previous research of a technique that combines the SMA first approach and total MP excision with a detailed description of the MP macroscopical shape. Methods: We prospectively assessed 77 patients with periampullary malignancies between October 2020 and March 2022 (18 months). All patients had undergone PD with SMA first approach combined total MP excision. The perioperative indications, clinical data, intra-operative index, R0 resection rate of postoperative pathological specimens (especially mesopancreatic margin), postoperative complications, and follow-up results were evaluated. Results: The median operative time was 289.6 min (178−540 min), the median intraoperative blood loss was 209 mL (30−1,600 mL). Microscopically, there were 19 (24.7%) cases with metastatic MP, and five cases (6.5%) with R1-resection of the MP. The number of lymph nodes (LNs) harvested and metastatic LNs were 27.2 (maximum was 74) and 1.8 (maximum was 16), respectively. Some (46.8%) patients had pancreatic fistula, but mostly in grade A, with 7 patients (9.1%) who required re-operations. Some 18.2% of cases developed postoperative refractory diarrhea. The rate of in-hospital mortality was 1.3%. Conclusions: The PD with SMA first approach combined TMpE for periampullary malignancies was effective in achieving superior oncological statistics (rate of MP R0-resection and number of total resected LNs) with non-inferior short-term outcomes. It is necessary to evaluate survival outcomes with long-term follow-up.

Multi-Criteria Decision Making Using Preferential Selection Index in Titanium based Die-Sinking PMEDM

Nguyen Huu-Phan,Banh Tien-Long,Le Quang-Dung,Nguyen Duc-Toan,T. Muthuramalingam Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2019 한국정밀공학회지 Vol.36 No.9

Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes on Steel Foils

Nguyen Van Chuc,Nguyen Duc Dung,Phan Ngoc Hong,Le Dinh Quang,Phan Hong Khoi,Phan Ngoc Minh 한국물리학회 2008 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.52 No.5

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were synthesized by using a thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) at 800 ℃ in a mixture of C₂H₂, H₂ and N₂ gases with steel foils as both catalysts and substrates. More than 2 grams of CNTs were grown on approximately 7 grams of steel foil with a 0.5 cm² surface area after 30 minutes of growth. The effects of CVD parameters, such as the growth temperature and the deposition time, on the size and the morphology of the CNTs were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We found that the optimized temperature and growth time for having high quality CNTs were 800 ℃ and 30 minutes, respectively. The purity of the CNTs was evaluated by using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and the result showed that the carbon content was approximately 93 wt.%. The graphite crystallinity of the CNTs was analyzed by using Raman spectroscopy. The steel foil was found to maintain its catalytic behavior after several growths. The technique holds great promise for use in mass production (approximately 120 grams CNTs per day) with signicantly reduced cost. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were synthesized by using a thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) at 800 ℃ in a mixture of C₂H₂, H₂ and N₂ gases with steel foils as both catalysts and substrates. More than 2 grams of CNTs were grown on approximately 7 grams of steel foil with a 0.5 cm² surface area after 30 minutes of growth. The effects of CVD parameters, such as the growth temperature and the deposition time, on the size and the morphology of the CNTs were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We found that the optimized temperature and growth time for having high quality CNTs were 800 ℃ and 30 minutes, respectively. The purity of the CNTs was evaluated by using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and the result showed that the carbon content was approximately 93 wt.%. The graphite crystallinity of the CNTs was analyzed by using Raman spectroscopy. The steel foil was found to maintain its catalytic behavior after several growths. The technique holds great promise for use in mass production (approximately 120 grams CNTs per day) with signicantly reduced cost.