STUDY OF COMPARATIVE MILK PRODUCTION AND REPRODUCTION OF JERSEY CATTLE UNDER USA AND PAKISTAN CONDITIONS

Nawaz, M.,Anwar, M.,Mirza, M.A.,Nawaz, R. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1993 Animal Bioscience Vol.6 No.4

In 1985, fifty Jersey cows were imported to Pakistan from United States of America (USA). This paper compares milk production and reproduction performance of imported cows and their daughters under USA and Pakistan conditions. The imported cows which had yielded 5,858 kg, of milk (305 d lactation) in the USA produced only 3,192 kg, at NARC. The milk production of their daughters averaged 2,617 kg, being 22% lower than their mothers under the same environment at NARC. Year and season of calving had no significant effects on milk production. Average milk production of the first lactation was 10% lower than the mean of the second, third and fourth lactations, but, the differences between lactation means were non-significant. Mean calving interval in the USA was 385 days, whereas the same cows had a longer (p<.01) calving interval of 490 days at NARC. The calving interval of the daughters was longer (452 d; p<.01) than their mothers calving interval in the USA, and shorter (p<.01) than their mothers calving interval in Pakistan. The low age at first calving suggests that locally born Jersey cows were not reproductively disadvantaged by the local environment and nutrition, suggesting the adaptability of this breed in the new environment.

A Design Evaluation of Strained Si-SiGe on Insulator (SSOI) Based Sub-50 nm nMOSFETs

Nawaz, Muhammad,Ostling, Mikael The Institute of Electronics and Information Engin 2005 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.5 No.2

A theoretical design evaluation based on a hydrodynamic transport simulation of strained Si-SiGe on insulator (SSOI) type nMOSFETs is reported. Although, the net performance improvement is quite limited by the short channel effects, simulation results clearly show that the strained Si-SiGe type nMOSFETs are well-suited for gate lengths down to 20 nm. Simulation results show that the improvement in the transconductance with decreasing gate length is limited by the long-range Coulomb scattering. An influence of lateral and vertical diffusion of shallow dopants in the source/drain extension regions on the device performance (i.e., threshold voltage shift, subthreshold slope, current drivability and transconductance) is quantitatively assessed. An optimum layer thickness ($t_{si}$ of 5 and $t_{sg}$ of 10 nm) with shallow Junction depth (5-10 nm) and controlled lateral diffusion with steep doping gradient is needed to realize the sub-50 nm gate strained Si-SiGe type nMOSFETs.

SECTION 2 : TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING SYSTEMS / ACCELERATING PROCESS OF TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE : OPPORTUNITIES AND THREATS FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

(Nawaz Sharif) 한국체계과학회 1997 SYSTEM THINKING GLOBALIZATION OF KNOWLEDGE AND COM Vol.- No.-

Productive and Reproductive Performance of Kajli and Lohi Ewes

Nawaz, M.,Khan, M.A.,Qureshi, M.A.,Rasool, E. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1999 Animal Bioscience Vol.12 No.1

Data from 22837 lambings of Lohi and Kajli ewes from 1962 through 1994 were used to analyse productive and reproductive traits and wool production, Overall litter size at birth averaged 1.33 being 1.45 for Lohi and 1.21 for Kajli ewes. The corresponding values at weaning were 1.23, 1.32 and 1.14, respectively. Litter size was consistently lowest for one year old, with a substantial increase at two, three and four years of ewe age and marginal increase thereafter, Ewes lambing in spring weaned 0.08 more lambs per parturition than ewes lambed in Autumn (p<0,01). Lamb birth weights were affected by ewe breed (p<0.01) and increased with ewe age. Overall lamb weaning weight (120 d) of 17993 lambs was 20.3 kg. Weaning weight was affected by breed, sire, year of birth, sex, rearing rank and weaning age (p<0.01). The highest mean weaning weight was 21.9 kg for Lohi lambs followed by Kajli lambs (18.8 kg), Lambs from Kajli ewes were 9% heavier at birth but 14% lighter at weaning. Twin born lambs were 18% lighter at birth and 13% at weaning than single born lambs. Male lambs were 3% heavier at birth and 4.5% heavier at weaning than female lambs. Overall annual mean wool production was 2,64 kg, Kajli ewes were heavier at breeding than Lohi ewes (i.e. 46.2 vs 44.8 kg). Lohi ewes being 3% less body weight produced 38% more wool and 18% more litter weaning weight than Kajli ewes, When average weight of lamb weaned per ewe weaning lambs was adjusted for ewe average metabolic body size, Lohi ewes were most efficient (i.e. arbitrary assigned value of 100) compared to Kajli ewes achieving only 83% of Lohi level.

Effect of toluene, an immiscible pollutant, on the photocatalytic degradation of azo dye

Nawaz, M.,Kim, D.,Miran, W.,Kadam, A.,Heo, J.,Shin, S.,Jang, J.,Lim, S.R.,Lee, D.S. Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemi 2015 Journal of industrial and engineering chemistry Vol.30 No.-

An adverse effect of a water-immiscible pollutant, toluene, on the photocatalytic degradation of Direct Red 80 (DR80) with TiO<SUB>2</SUB> in an aqueous solution was observed when toluene was added as a continuous free layer. However, a more efficient photocatalytic system was obtained when toluene was added in the Pickering emulsion (PE) form with TiO<SUB>2</SUB>. With only UV and two different types of TiO<SUB>2</SUB> (more hydrophilic and large-sized type A TiO<SUB>2</SUB> and less hydrophilic and small-sized type B TiO<SUB>2</SUB>), 44% and 59% color removal was observed, respectively. Almost 20% decrease in color removal with toluene in the continuous free layer form was observed, however, the higher color removal was obtained when toluene was added as PE stabilized with type B TiO<SUB>2</SUB> than with type A TiO<SUB>2</SUB>. The higher color removal was owing to the good stability of PE stabilized with type B TiO<SUB>2</SUB>.

Rice DEAD-box RNA helicase OsRH53 has negative impact on Arabidopsis response to abiotic stresses

Nawaz, Ghazala,Sai, Than Zaw Tun,Lee, Kwanuk,Kim, Yeon-Ok,Kang, Hunseung Springer-Verlag 2018 Plant growth regulation Vol.85 No.1

Efficient dye sensitized solar cell and supercapacitor using 1-ethyl 3-methyl imidazolium dicyanamide incorporated PVDF-HFP polymer matrix

Nawaz, A.,Sharif, R.,Rhee, H.W.,Singh, P.K. Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemi 2016 Journal of industrial and engineering chemistry Vol.33 No.-

<P>Electrode and electrolytes are always playing a key role in developing good efficient devices. This paper reports the synthesis, characterization and application of low viscosity ionic liquid (1-ethyl 3-methyl imidazolium dicyanamide) incorporated into polymer matrix (PVDF-HFP). The samples were characterized using various experimental tools. Complex impedance spectroscopy shows that conductivity of polymer host increases with increasing ionic liquid (IL) concentration attains maxima and then decreases. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals the reduction of crystalline matrix of polymer host by adding IL. The primarily fabricated devices using maximum conductivity film affirms that this material is promising candidate for dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) and supercapacitor application. (C) 2015 The Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>

Photodegradation of microcystin-LR using graphene-TiO₂/sodium alginate aerogels

Nawaz, Mohsin,Moztahida, Mokrema,Kim, Jiho,Shahzad, Asif,Jang, Jiseon,Miran, Waheed,Lee, Dae Sung Elsevier 2018 Carbohydrate polymers Vol.199 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this study, sustainable graphene oxide-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>/sodium alginate and reduced graphene oxide-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>/sodium alginate aerogels were synthesized and the potential of these aerogels was investigated for microcystin-LR degradation in aqueous solution. Along with the role of alginate in the synthesis of aerogels, effects of different concentrations of photocatalyst, photolysis, pH, and combination of TiO<SUB>2</SUB> (anatase)/Degussa P25 with graphene were investigated in lieu of microcystin-LR photodegradation.The complete degradation of microcystin-LR was attained in case of reduced graphene oxide-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>/sodium alginate aerogel—not in graphene oxide-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>/sodium alginate aerogel case—by the synergistic effect of adsorption and photodegradation. The recyclability study of reduced graphene oxide-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>/sodium alginate aerogel demonstrated high stability and photoactivity and the degradation efficiency was not much hampered during six consecutive cycles of degradation reaction. The possible fragmentation pathways were also proposed based on identified intermediate products. High adsorption and degradation synergy and ease of separation/recycling of reduced graphene oxide-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>/sodium alginate aerogel can make it a suitable option for removing microcystin-LR from water systems.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Sodium alginate helped to synthesize a robust graphene-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> aerogel. </LI> <LI> Graphene-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>/sodium alginate aerogel efficiently degraded microcystin-LR. </LI> <LI> Synthesized aerogel was highly recyclable without producing any secondary pollution. </LI> <LI> In microcystin-LR degradation pathway, significant role of OH radicals was found. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Genome and transcriptome-wide analyses of cellulose synthase gene superfamily in soybean

Nawaz, Muhammad Amjad,Rehman, Hafiz Mamoon,Baloch, Faheem Shehzad,Ijaz, Babar,Ali, Muhammad Amjad,Khan, Iqrar Ahmad,Lee, Jeong Dong,Chung, Gyuhwa,Yang, Seung Hwan G. Fischer 2017 Journal of plant physiology Vol. No.

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The plant cellulose synthase gene superfamily belongs to the category of type-2 glycosyltransferases, and is involved in cellulose and hemicellulose biosynthesis. These enzymes are vital for maintaining cell-wall structural integrity throughout plant life. Here, we identified 78 putative cellulose synthases (CS) in the soybean genome. Phylogenetic analysis against 40 reference <I>Arabidopsis</I> CS genes clustered soybean CSs into seven major groups (CESA, CSL A, B, C, D, E and G), located on 19 chromosomes (except chromosome 18). Soybean CS expansion occurred in 66 duplication events. Additionally, we identified 95 simple sequence repeat makers related to 44 CSs. We next performed digital expression analysis using publically available datasets to understand potential CS functions in soybean. We found that CSs were highly expressed during soybean seed development, a pattern confirmed with an Affymatrix soybean IVT array and validated with RNA-seq profiles. Within CS groups, CESAs had higher relative expression than CSLs. Soybean CS models were designed based on maximum average RPKM values. Gene co-expression networks were developed to explore which CSs could work together in soybean. Finally, RT-PCR analysis confirmed the expression of 15 selected CSs during all four seed developmental stages.</P>

Fabrication of ZnO-doped reduce graphene oxide-based electrochemical sensor for the determination of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol from aqueous environment

Nawaz Muhammad,Shaikh Huma,Buledi Jamil A.,Solangi Amber R.,Karaman Ceren,Erk Nevin,Darabi Rozhin,Camarada Maria B. 한국탄소학회 2024 Carbon Letters Vol.34 No.1

Environmental pollution has become an alarming issue for the modern world due to the extensive release of untreated chemical waste into freshwater bodies. Untreated chemical waste poses significant negative impacts on aquatic life and human health. The phenolic compounds are widely used in different industries for dyeing, as food preservatives, and for the production of pesticides. 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol (TCP) is among the most hazardous phenolic compounds that cause several serious health effects. Thus, it is important to monitor TCP in the environmental samples frequently. In the current work, it was aimed to develop a highly sensitive zinc oxide-doped (ZnO) reduce graphene oxide (rGO) composite-based electrochemical sensor for TCP monitoring in the real samples. In this regard, graphene oxide (GO) was simultaneously reduced and doped with ZnO using a facile microwave-assisted synthesis strategy. The resulting ZnO/rGO composite was successfully utilized to fabricate ZnO/rGO-modified glassy carbon electrode (ZnO/rGO/GCE) for the selective and trace level determination of TCP. The conductivity and electrocatalytic behaviors of ZnO/rGO/GCE were examined through different modes of electrochemical setup. Under the optimal operating conditions such as a scan rate of 80 mV.s−1, PBS electrolyte (pH 7.0), and the concentration range of 0.01–80 µM, the fabricated electrochemical sensor manifested outstanding responses for monitoring TCP. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of the ZnO/rGO/GCE for TCP were found as 0.0067 µM and 0.019 µM, respectively. Moreover, the anti-interference profile and stable nature of ZnO/rGO/GCE made the suggested electrochemical sensor a superb tool for quantifying TCP in a real matrix.