크루즈선의 공조설비 소개 및 일본 크루즈선의 건조 현황

NAKAYAMA,윤자문(Ja-Moon Yoon),구근회(Keun-Hoe Koo),최재웅(Jae-Woong Choi) 한국마린엔지니어링학회 2008 한국마린엔지니어링학회지 Vol.32 No.8

Remarks on Japanese Benefactive V - te moraw Constructions

Sawasaki, Koichi,Nakayama, Mineharu 한국현대언어학회 2001 언어연구 Vol.17 No.2

Koichi Sawasaki & Mineharu Nakayama. 2001. Remarks on Japanese Benefactive V-te moraw Constructions, 언어연구 17-2, 285-314. 이 논문은 일본어의 -te moraw ( …해 받다) 구문에 대한 연구이다. Hoshi (1994)는 -te moraw 구문에 대해, 마치 수동구문에서도 두 가지가 있는 것과 같이 직접 수혜와 간접 수혜 구문의 두 가지 통사적 구조를 제안하였다. 그러나, 우리는 여기서 일본어의 수동구문과 수혜구문은 구조적으로 다르다는 증거를 제시함으로서 Hoshi의 견해를 반박하고자 한다. 첫째, 수동구문에서는 부정어 형태소가 수동형태소 뒤에서만 나타날 수 있지만, -te moraw 구문에서는 앞이나 뒤에다 나타날 수 있다. 둘째, 수동문중 ni-수동문에서 공범주가 명시적인 요소로 채워질 수 없지만, 직접 수혜구문에서는 공범주가 명시적 범주인 zibun으로 채워질 수 있다. 셋째 직접 수혜자구문과 간접수혜자 구문의 경우 zibun과 주어 지향 부사인 wazato가 수동문과는 달리, 강한 주어지향성을 보여준다 이러한 증거를 바탕으로 우리는 수혜구문이 두 개의 IP를 가지고 있다는 제안을 한다. 수혜구문이 이중적인 구조를 가지고 있다는 우리의 제안은 다음과 같은 면에서 Hoshi의 분석과는 다르다. 우선, 이 구문이 수동화 현상과 관련이 없다는 것이다. 둘째, Hoshi의 직/간접 수혜구문이 서로 상호 배타적으로 발생하지만, 우리의 분석에 의하면 결속조건 B가 만족되기만 하면 동시에 발생할 수 있다는 것이다.^1) (The Ohio State University)

Similarity Interference and Scrambling in Japanese

Mineharu Nakayama,Richard L. Lewis 서울대학교 인지과학연구소 2000 Journal of Cognitive Science Vol.1 No.1

Lewis and Nakayama (1999) claim that the difficulty of comprehending sentences is a function, in part, of similarity-based interference, a limitation on working memory. By examining Japanese sentences, they found that the syntactic category, the syntactic position, and the consecutive occurrence of the same category all contribute to the difficulty of sentences. The present study examines the similarity interference hypothesis in Japanese scrambling sentences. According to the hypothesis, the scrambled sentences that reduce similarity interference would be considered easier than the unscrambled sentences. This prediction was borne out. However, the experimental results also showed that sentences with scrambled embedded objects were more difficult than unscrambled sentences. We argue that there are independently-motivated explanations for the difficulty of these sentences. Therefore, the results still support the similarity interference hypothesis, and indeed similarity interference plays a significant role in the difficulty of comprehending sentences.

Combined Analysis of η Meson Hadro- and Photo-production off Nucleons

K. Nakayama,오용석,H. Haberzettl 한국물리학회 2011 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.59 No.2

The η-meson production in photon- and hadron-induced reactions, namely, γp → pη, π^−p → nη, pp → ppη, and pn ∪ pnη, are investigated in a combined analysis in order to learn about the relevant production mechanisms and the possible role of nucleon resonances in these reactions. We consider the nucleonic, mesonic, and nucleon resonance currents constructed within an effective Lagrangian approach and compare the results with the available data for cross sections and spin asymmetries for these reactions. We found that the reaction γp → pη could be described well with the inclusion of the well-established S_(11)(1535), S_(11)(1650), D_(13)(1520), and D_(13)(1700) resonances, in addition to the mesonic current. Consideration of other well-established resonances in the same mass region, including the spin-5/2 resonances, D_(15)(1675) and F_(15)(1680), does not further improve the results qualitatively. For the reaction π_−p → nη, the P_(13)(1720) resonance is found to be important for reproducing the structure observed in the differential cross section data. Our model also improves the description of the reaction NN → NNη to a large extent compared to the earlier results by Nakayama et al. [Phys. Rev. C 68, 045201 (2003)]. For this reaction, we address two cases where either the S_(11)(1535) or the D_(13) dominates. Further improvement in the description of these reactions and the difficulty to uniquely determine the nucleon resonance parameters in the present type of analysis are discussed.

Recent Gold Exploration in Japan

Nakayama, Ken The Korean Society of Economic and Environmental G 1996 자원환경지질 Vol.29 No.6

안정적인 천연자원의 공급을 통해 오랫동안 국가산업화에 이바지해온 일본의 광산산업은 산업구조의 개편에 따라 하향추세를 맞아 현재는 세 곳의 주요 광산만이 가행중이다. 최근 경제사정의 변화로 새로운 비금속광상의 개발이 어려워짐에 따라 매장량과 품위에 있어 경제적 가치를 갖는 천열수금광상으로 관심이 옮겨가고 있는 추세이다. 1970년대 후반의 급격한 금가격 상승은 환태평양 지역의 천열수금광상에 대한 지질학적 정보와 이해를 증가시키는 역할을 했으며, 특히 판구조론의 확립과 더불어 지열수계와 화석천열수계의 대비라는 가장 중요한 발전이 이루어졌다. 1988년에는 광산협회에서 천열수금광상의 개발을 목표로 일본내 19개 지역의 탐사를 인가했으며, 1989년부터는 준정부기관인 금속광업국에서 이 지역들의 금탐사를 수행해왔다. 광상성인에 관한 신개념과 새로운 탐사기술로 유망한 금광화대가 발견되어 왔으며 개발이 진척된 곳은 홋카이도 북부의 세타지역과 큐슈 중부의 노야지역이다. Domestic metal mines have contributed to the national industrialization of Japan for over a century through their stable supply of raw materials. However, due to the changes which have taken place in the industries structure, mining industry has been shifted to downstream industries. At present, only three major mines are in production. In recent times, changing economic conditions have made it increasingly difficult to develop new base metal mines. Subsequently, the deposit type targeted has shifted from base metals to epithermal associated gold deposits which, if of sufficient grade and tonnage, can be economical. Accompanying the dramatic rise in the price of gold during the late 1970's, has been an increase in the geological information and our understanding of epithermal gold deposits around the Pacific rim region. In particular, the common acceptance of the plate tectonic theory and the correlation's between modem geothermal systems and fossil epithermal systems were most important developments. In 1988, the Mining Council authorized the domestic exploration of 19 districts, targeting epithermal gold mineralization. Since 1989 the Metal Mining Agency of Japan, semi-government organization, has been conducted gold exploration in such area. With new genetic concepts and new technologies, promising gold mineralization has been discovered. Two such areas which are at an advanced stage of exploration are Seta, in northern Hokkaido, and Noya, in central Kyushu.

Rolling down the throat in NS5-brane background: the case of electrified D-brane

Nakayama, Yu,Panigrahi, Kamal L.,Rey, Soo-Jong,Takayanagi, Hiromitsu IOP Publishing Ltd 2005 Journal of high energy physics Vol.2005 No.1

<P>We study rolling radion dynamics of electrified D-brane in NS5-brane background, both in effective field theory and in full open string theory. We construct exact boundary states and, from them, extract conserved Noether currents. We argue that T-duality and Lorentz boost offer an intuitive approach. In the limit of large number of NS5-branes, both boundary wave functions and conserved currents are sharply peaked and agree with those deduced from the effective field theory. As the number of NS5-branes is reduced, width around the peak becomes wider by string corrections. We also study radiative decay process. By applying Lorentz covariance, we show how the decay of electrified D-brane is related to that of bare D-brane. We compute spectral moments of final state energy and winding quantum number. Using Lorentz covariance argument, we explain in elementary way why winding quantum number should be included and derive rules how to do so. We conclude that Kutasov's ``geometric realization'' between radion rolling dynamics and tachyon rolling dynamics holds universally, both for bare and electrified D-branes.</P>

Measurement of single ^π0 production in neutral current neutrino interactions with water by a 1.3 GeV wide band muon neutrino beam

Nakayama, S.,Mauger, C.,Ahn, M.H.,Aoki, S.,Ashie, Y.,Bhang, H.,Boyd, S.,Casper, D.,Choi, J.H.,Fukuda, S.,Fukuda, Y.,Gran, R.,Hara, T.,Hasegawa, M.,Hasegawa, T.,Hayashi, K.,Hayato, Y.,Hill, J.,Ichikawa Elsevier 2005 Physics letters: B Vol.619 No.3

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Neutral current single <SUP>π0</SUP> production induced by neutrinos with a mean energy of 1.3 GeV is measured using a 1000 ton water Cherenkov detector in the K2K long baseline neutrino experiment. The cross section for this process relative to the total charged current cross section is measured to be 0.064±0.001(stat.)±0.007(sys.). The momentum distribution of neutral current <SUP>π0</SUP>s from a water target is measured with high statistics for the first time.</P>

D-brane propagation in two-dimensional black hole geometries

Nakayama, Yu,Rey, Soo-Jong,Sugawara, Yuji IOP Publishing Ltd 2005 Journal of high energy physics Vol.2005 No.9

We study propagation of D0-brane in two-dimensional lorentzian black hole backgrounds by the method of boundary conformal field theory of SL(2,&BbbR;)/U(1) supercoset at level <I>k</I>. Typically, such backgrounds arise as near-horizon geometries of <I>k</I> coincident non-extremal NS5-branes, where 1/<I>k</I> measures curvature of the backgrounds in string unit and hence size of string worldsheet effects. At classical level, string worldsheet effects are suppressed and D0-brane propagation in the lorentzian black hole geometry is simply given by the Wick rotation of D1-brane contour in the euclidean black hole geometry. Taking account of string worldsheet effects, boundary state of the lorentzian D0-brane is formally constructible via Wick rotation from that of the euclidean D1-brane. However, the construction is subject to ambiguities in boundary conditions. We propose exact boundary states describing the D0-brane, and clarify physical interpretations of various boundary states constructed from different boundary conditions. As it falls into the black hole, the D0-brane radiates off to the horizon and to the infinity. From the boundary states constructed, we compute physical observables of such radiative process. We find that part of the radiation to infinity is in effective thermal distribution at the Hawking temperature. We also find that part of the radiation to horizon is in the Hagedorn distribution, dominated by massive, highly non-relativistic closed string states, much like the tachyon matter. Remarkably, such distribution emerges only after string worldsheet effects are taken exactly into account. From these results, we observe that nature of the radiation distribution changes dramatically across the conifold geometry <I>k</I> = 1 (<I>k</I> = 3 for the bosonic case), exposing the `string - black hole transition' therein.

Study on effective band of advanced microwave scanning radiometer(AMSR) for observing first year sea ice in the Okhotsk Sea by airborne microwave radiometer(AMR)

Nakayama, Masashige,Nishio, Fumihiko,Tanikawa, Tomonori,Cho, Kohei,Shimoda, Haruhisa 대한원격탐사학회 1999 International Symposium on Remote Sensing Vol.15 No.1

It is very important for monitoring the interannual variability of sea ice extents in the Okhotsk Sea because the glabal warming has firstly appeared around the Okhotsk Sea, locating around the southernmost region of sea ice cover in the Northern Hemisphere. In order to develop the sea ice concentration algorithm by microwave sensors onboard satellite, electromagnetic properties of sea ice in the Okhotsk Sea, therefore, were observed by airborne microwave radiometer (AMR), which has the same frequencies as AMSR (Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer), ADEOS-II, launching on November, 2000. On this study, it is discussed how to make the image of AMR-EFOV and the video image with nadir angle under flight at the same time, and superimpose the brightness temperature data by AMIt-EFOV on the video mosaiced images. For comparing SPOT image, it is clearly that the variation of brightness temperature is small in 89GHz V-pol without the sea ice types and increase at the lower frequency-band.

Inhibitory receptor paired Ig-like receptor B is exploited by Staphylococcus aureus for virulence.

Nakayama, Masafumi,Kurokawa, Kenji,Nakamura, Kyohei,Lee, Bok Luel,Sekimizu, Kazuhisa,Kubagawa, Hiromi,Hiramatsu, Keiichi,Yagita, Hideo,Okumura, Ko,Takai, Toshiyuki,Underhill, David M,Aderem, Alan,Ogas American Association of Immunologists 2012 Journal of Immunology Vol. No.

<P>The innate immune system has developed to acquire a wide variety of pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) to identify potential pathogens, whereas pathogens have also developed to escape host innate immune responses. ITIM-bearing receptors are attractive targets for pathogens to attenuate immune responses against them; however, the in vivo role of the inhibitory PRRs in host-bacteria interactions remains unknown. We demonstrate in this article that Staphylococcus aureus, a major Gram-positive bacteria, exploits inhibitory PRR paired Ig-like receptor (PIR)-B on macrophages to suppress ERK1/2 and inflammasome activation, and subsequent IL-6 and IL-1β secretion. Consequently, Pirb(-/-) mice infected with S. aureus showed enhanced inflammation and more effective bacterial clearance, resulting in resistance to the sepsis. Screening of S. aureus mutants identified lipoteichoic acid (LTA) as an essential bacterial cell wall component required for binding to PIR-B and modulating inflammatory responses. In vivo, however, an LTA-deficient S. aureus mutant was highly virulent and poorly recognized by macrophages in both wild-type and Pirb(-/-) mice, demonstrating that LTA recognition by PRRs other than PIR-B mediates effective bacterial elimination. These results provide direct evidence that bacteria exploit the inhibitory receptor for virulence, and host immune system counterbalances the infection.</P>