RUNX3 confers sensitivity to pheophorbide a-photodynamic therapy in human oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines.

Moon, Sook,Bae, Jung Yoon,Son, Hwa-Kyung,Lee, Doo Young,Park, Gyeongju,You, Hyun,Ko, Hyojin,Kim, Yong-Chul,Kim, Jin Baillière Tindall ; Springer London 2015 LASERS IN MEDICAL SCIENCE Vol.30 No.2

<P>Photodynamic therapy (PDT) with photosensitizer is one of the promising modalities for cancer treatment. For clinical use of PDT, screening process should be preceded to enhance sensitivity to PDT. Thus, we investigated a molecular biomarker to determine the sensitivity to pheophorbide a (Pa)-PDT in immortalized human oral keratinocytes (IHOK) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell lines. Two IHOK and several OSCC cell lines were used. After Pa-PDT, cell viability was reduced by more than 50%, and reactive oxygen species were generated in IHOK and OSCC cell lines. Additionally, apoptosis occurred in PDT-treated cells. IHOK(S) and IHOK(P), the two IHOK cell lines derived from the same source, showed a difference in cytotoxicity after Pa-PDT. To explain this difference in cytotoxicity, we looked at the expression of Wnt signaling-related genes in these two cell lines, for the morphology of IHOK(S) which was spindle like and elongated and distinct from IHOK(P) and the parent cell. Among the relevant genes, runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3), an apoptosis-related gene, was selected as a potential marker that confers sensitivity to PDT. We found that the cytotoxicity by Pa-PDT was proportional to RUNX3 expression in OSCC cell lines. Additionally, knockdown of RUNX3 expression reduced cytotoxicity by Pa-PDT, suggesting that RUNX3 might be a biomarker to determine sensitivity to Pa-PDT. This was the first study to find a new target molecule that enhances Pa-PDT effects in IHOK and OSCC cell lines. Hence, the development of a PDT-dependent biomarker could provide a novel approach to improve the effects of PDT on oral precancerous and cancerous lesions.</P>

SOLUTIONS OF NONCONVEX QUADRATIC OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS VIA DIAGONALIZATION

MOONSOOK YU,SUNYOUNG KIM 한국산업응용수학회 2001 Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and A Vol.5 No.2

South Korea’s Legal and Regulatory System for Carbon Capture and Sequestration: Backgrounds, Current Circumstances, and Recommendations

( Moonsook Park ) 서울대학교 아시아태평양법연구소(구 서울대학교 법학연구소) 2018 Journal of Korean Law Vol.18 No.1

In South Korea, CCS technology is a necessary and viable option, and the important thing is to build a clear roadmap for CCS legislation and regulation. South Korea’s CCS legal and regulatory systems need to be strong, set up under the principle of the precautionary principle, and in particular, it is necessary to elaborate and strengthen the standards for permit systems, environmental impact assessments, and monitoring. It is also necessary to put liability of CCS operators under the strict liability so that the strong regulatory regime can be well maintained, and that credibility on CCS investment from the private sectors can be enhanced. At the same time, South Korea needs to adopt a transfer of liability to the government after a certain period of time. Finally, if onshore sequestration becomes a reality and the issue of ownership of the pore space, which is possible sequestration areas, is raised, it is recommended to adopt the option of government ownership so that the government reduces the transaction costs and enables CCS projects to proceed quickly. In terms of preparation for an international CCS framework, South Korea needs to contemplate CCS strategies that are appropriate to the situation in South Korea.

The EC-Biotech case and necessity for GMO regulations

( Moonsook Park ) 홍익대학교 법학연구소 2016 동북아법 Vol.10 No.-

The development and trade of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) is increasing. However, there are various opinions on the pros and cons of GMOs as well as the benefits and risks of GMOs, which is based on different backgrounds among countries. For this reason, each country shows different attitudes regarding regulations of GMOs. In order to prepare for future GMO-related international disputes, the EC-Biotech case needs to be reviewed, which is contested under the WTO between the United States (the largest GMO exporting country) and the European Union (specifically featuring strict regulations of GMOs). As it is very likely that international disputes on GMO labeling and liability issues will take place in the future, each country needs to improve regulatory systems of GMOs in these areas.

성년후견제도에 관한 국제사법상 쟁점에 관하여

김문숙(Moonsook, KIM) 한국국제사법학회 2009 國際私法硏究 Vol.- No.15

코로나 19로 인한 노인들의 댄스스포츠 참가제약과 우울감 및 자아통합감과의 구조적 관계

이문숙 ( Moonsook Lee ) 한국무용과학회 2022 한국무용과학회지 Vol.39 No.1

이 연구는 Covid-19로 인한 노인들의 댄스스포츠 참가제약과 우울감 및 자아통합감과의 구조관계를 규명하는데 그 목적이 있다. 연구대상은 2021년 D시에 거주하고 있는 65세 이상 노인들을 표본집단으로 코로나 19 상황 이전에 댄스스포츠 프로그램에 2년 이상 규칙적으로 참여한 경험이 있는 노인들을 대상으로, 온라인과 오프라인(우편발송) 방식으로 설문을 진행하였으며 총 112부를 최종적인 자료 분석에 활용하였다. 측정도구는 운동참가제약, 우울, 자아통합감으로 수집된 자료는 분석 목적에 따라 분리하여 입력하였으며, SPSS WIN VER 24.0과 Amos 26.0 프로그램을 이용하여 신뢰도 분석, 상관관계분석(correlation analysis)과 확인적 요인분석 및 구조방정식모델(structural equation model)을 적용하였다. 연구결과는 첫째, 코로나 19로 인한 노인들의 댄스스포츠 참가제약은 우울에 정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 코로나 19로 인한 노인들의 댄스스포츠 참가제약은 자아통합감에 부적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 코로나 19로 인한 노인들의 우울은 자아통합감에 부적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 코로나 19로 인한 노인들의 댄스스포츠 참가제약과 우울감 및 자아통합감 간에는 유의미한 인과관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 결과를 종합하면, 코로나 19로 인한 노인들의 댄스스포츠 참가제약은 우울과 자아통합감에 직접적인 영향을 미치며, 우울을 통해 간접적인 영향을 미친다고 할 수 있다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between restriction on exercise, depression and ego integrity the elderly’s participation in dancesports during covid-19. To achieve the goal of this study, The questionnaires were distributed to 160 dancesports partipants(before covid-19) aged over 65 years in D-city and 112( over 2 years, 2 times a week) of them were analyzed. The measurement tools used were restriction on exercise scale, depression scale and ego integrity scale. SPSS WIN VER 24.0 and Amos 26.0 program were used to analyze the data with reliability analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis, and structural equation model. Followings are the results of this study. First, it was found that restriction on exercise of the elders’s participation in dancesports had a significant effect on the depression. Second, it was found that restriction on exerciseof the elders’s participation in dancesports had a significant effect on the ego integrity. Third, it was found that depression of the elders’s participation in dancesports had a significant effect on the ego integrity. Fourth, it was found that the restriction on exercise of the elders’s participation in dancesports had a partial mediation effect between depression and ego integrity. In conclusion, it was found that the restriction on exercise of the elders’s participation in dancesports had a significantly influence on depression and ego integrity directly. In addition, it was found that the restriction on exercise of the elders’s participation in dancesports had a indirect influence on the ego integrity mediated by depression.

일본법원의 국제재판관할권에 관하여

김문숙(Moonsook, KIM) 한국국제사법학회 2012 國際私法硏究 Vol.- No.18

일본에서는 종래 국제재판관할에 대한 명문규정이 존재하지 않았기 때문에, 종전의 판례법리는 민사소송법의 재판적이 일본국내에 있는 경우에는 일본의 국제재판관할을 긍정하면서, 각 사건에서 특단의 사정이 있는 경우에는 이를 부정하는 판단방법이 정착되어 왔다. 2011년 국제재판관할권의 법제화에서는 이에 관한 규율을 민사소송법전에 규정하게 되었고, 따라서 재산관계사건에 한정하게 되었다. 기본적으로는 지금까지의 판례법리에 입각하여, 소의 유형에 따라 구체적이고 개별적인 규정을 두었다. 개정민사소송법에서는 제3조2이하에 신설된 국제재판관할권에 관한 관할원인의 유무를 먼저 판단한 후에, 관할원인이 있었던 경우에는, ‘일본법원이 심리 및 재판을 하는 것이 당사자간의 형평을 해하거나 또는 적정하고 신속한 심리의 실현을 방해하게 되는 특별한 사정’의 유무가 문제로 되며, 특별한 사정이 있으면 국제재판관할권이 부정된다(제3조의9)고 판단하게 된다. 다만, 전속적 관할합의에 의하여 일본에 국제재판관할이 인정되는 경우에는 특별한 사정의 유무는 판단되지 않는다(동조 괄호서). 국제재판관할권의 규율은, 국내토지관할규정을 토대로 작업이 진행되어, 국제재판관할권의 배분의 원리에 의거하여 관할원인을 정한 것이다. 이를 비교해 보면, 국제재판관할권에서 신설된 관할원인으로는, 소비자계약 및 노동관계사건의 관할, 사업활동관할, 전속관할 등을 들 수 있고, 변경된 관할원인으로 계약상의 채무이행지관할, 재산소재지관할, 불법행위지관할, 합의관할 등을 들 수가 있다. 이와 같이 상세하고 구체적인 규율을 두게 됨으로써, 국제재판관할권의 규율에 대하여 명확성이 향상되었고, 당사자의 예측가능성도 가능한 한 확보할 수 있게 되었다. 다만, 민사소송법상의 특별한 사정은, 종래 판례법상의 특단의 사정에 비하여, 제한적으로 적용되어야 할 것이다. The general rules of international jurisdiction as the case law have been deduced the venue from the internal jurisdiction under the “special circumstances consideration.” It has been criticized that this kind of deduction might be result in an expansion of international jurisdiction. New rules on international jurisdiction were regulated in the Code of Civil Procedure in 2011. These regulations have been basically grounded on the case law with the reference to foreign rules. New rules provide in concrete and clearly for jurisdiction by the domicile of defendant, etc.(Article 3-2), jurisdiction over an action relating to an obligation under a contract, etc.(Article 3-3), jurisdiction over actions relating to consumer contract and labor relationship(Article 3-4), exclusive jurisdiction(Article 3-5), jurisdiction over joint claim(Article 3-6), agreement on jurisdiction(Article 3-7), jurisdiction by appearance(Article 3-8), dismissal of action on account of special circumstances(Article 3-9), exclusion of application in case of exclusive jurisdiction(Article 3-10). To prevent exorbitant jurisdiction, new rules regulate also the exception of the extremely low value of the seizable property(Article 3-3, Item (3)), the harmfulness normally unforeseeable under the circumstances(Article 3-3, Item (8)) and so on. A business transaction carried out continuously in Japan consists of a subject of venue (Article 3-3, Item (5)). Although it seems to be similar to doing business, it is not a general jurisdiction. Litigations were abandoned in legislative process. Exclusive jurisdiction is limited in actions relating to a registration and actions relating to the existence or non-existence or the validity of intellectual property rights, etc. New Rules are unilateral provision, in the exception of an agreement to effect that an action can be exclusively field with a foreign court. The advance agreement on jurisdiction concerning consumer contract and labor relationship shall not be effective in principle with some exception. Although the court has general venue in Japan, it has with the power to dismiss actions in “special circumstances” with one clear exception : this will not apply when an action is filed with a Japanese court in accordance with an agreement between the parties that Japanese courts shall have exclusively jurisdiction over such claim(Article 3-9). This “special circumstances” provision must be characterized in narrow comparing to the “special circumstances consideration” in the case law and should be prudently applied by the court for the legal stability and predictability. “Special circumstances” are meaningful in relations to not only direction jurisdiction but also indirect one. We will see how it can function in the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments.

일본의 법례개정과 남겨진 과제

김문숙(Moonsook, KIM) 한국국제사법학회 2006 國際私法硏究 Vol.- No.12

A Study on the intercourse reflected on the gold brocade of East and West Asia in the Middle Ages

Kim, Moonsook 한국의류학회 2002 한국의류학회지 Vol.26 No.12

본 논문은 중세 동서 아시아 사이의 직금금(織金錦: gold brocade)의 장식적 교류에 대한 연구이다. 중세 직금금에 대해서는 선행 학자들이 기술적인 측면이나 디자인과 관련하여 논의한 바 있다. 그러나 동서 아시아 직금금의 기술적 및 장식적 교류와 관련된 연구는 진행된 바가 없다. 특히 한국에 보존되어 있는 고려시대의 직금금은 다른 나라의 직금금과 비교하여 연구되어 있지 않다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 한국에 보존되어 있는 고려시대 직금금을 포함한 동서 아시아 직금금의 장식적 교류에 대하여 연구하고자 하였다. 본 논문은 한국의 직금금을 포함한 동아시아의 직금금 21점과 서아시아의 직금금 37점을 연구대상으로 하였으며, 이들 동서아시아의 직금금 각각을 그 장식적 특성에 따라 분류하였고 동서 아시아 직금금 사이에 교류된 문양과 패턴의 장식적 특성에 대하여 논의하였다.

Solutions of nonconvex Quadratic Optimization Problems Via Diagonalization

YU, MOONSOOK,KIM, SUNYOUNG 한국산업정보응용수학회 2001 한국산업정보응용수학회 Vol.5 No.2

Nonconvex Quadratic Optimization Problems (QOP) are solved approximately by SDP (semidefinite programming) relaxation and SOCP (second order cone programmming) relaxation. Nonconvex QOPs with special structures can be solved exactly by SDP and SOCP. We propose a method to formulate general nonconvex QOPs into the special form of the QOP, which can provide a way to find more accurate solutions. Numerical results are shown to illustrate advantages of the proposed method.