문화재의 전통조경설계용역 발주실태 연구

김민선 ( Kim¸ Min-seon ),김충식 ( Kim¸ Choong-sik ),이재용 ( Lee¸ Jae-yong ) 한국전통조경학회 2021 한국전통조경학회지 Vol.39 No.3

문화재 설계용역을 수급하기 위해서는 현행 「문화재수리 등에 관한 법률」 제5조(문화재수리 및 실측설계 제한)에 따라 건축사가 운영하는 문화재실측설계업자만 입찰에 참가할 수 있고, 전체 설계에서 일정 비율이나 금액의 전통조경설계가 포함된 경우 조경기술자가 제한적으로 수행하고 있다. 법의 실측설계 제한에 대한 문제점은 2010년 제정 당시부터 지금까지 지속적으로 제기되어 왔다. 이에 본 연구는 2018년부터 2020년까지 정부기관에서 발주한 1037건의 문화재실측설계용역을 분석하여 전통조경설계가 차지하는 규모(발주건수, 설계금액)를 파악하고, 주요 사례를 중심으로 전통조경설계의 특징을 도출하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 3년간 문화재실측설계용역에서 전통조경설계의 발주건수는 연간 차이를 보였으나, 설계금액은 연평균 근사(近似)하게 나타나 매년 동일한 수준을 유지한 것으로 확인되었다. 전체 설계에서 3년간 조경기술자의 책임 또는 참여가 요구된 전통조경설계의 건수는 약 26%의 높은 비율로 나타났다. 둘째, 전통조경설계는 건축사로 구성된 문화재실측설계업자가 대체할 수 없는 조경기술자의 전문지식과 경험이 요구되었다. 전문성은 공사의 종류에 따라 달리 나타났다. 기반조성 공사를 위한 지형설계는 땅의 형상과 높낮이에 대한 이해, 토공량 계산, 유구정비기법 등에 관한 전문지식이 요구되었다. 식재공사를 위한 설계는 수목의 생육특성과 생육환경에 대한 기본지식과 과거 식생경관에 대한 이해가 필요하였다. 한편, 전통포장 및 전통조경구조물과 시설물공사를 위한 설계는 전통 재료와 가공 및 시공기법의 전문성을 필요로 하였다. 계곡, 하천 등 수체계 정비를 포함하는 생태조경공사를 위한 설계는 물길과 생태계의 변화, 유체(流體)의 원리, 유체의 유형별 특성에 대한 이해가 필수적이었다. 이 밖에 문화재지정구역 또는 보호구역과 등록문화재 내 공원조성 및 주변정비를 목적으로 시행된 복합설계는 문화재공간의 특수성뿐만 아니라 시민들이 상시로 이용하는 공원의 기능을 충족해야 한다는 점에서 현대조경공간의 설계 능력이 겸비되어야 했다. 이처럼 전통조경설계는 전체 문화재 설계의 약 1/4을 차지하는 규모이며 설계에서 타 분야와 차별화된 전문성을 필요로 한다. 이는 현행 법령의 실측제한관련 조항을 개선하여 모든 전통조경설계를 조경기술자가 수행할 수 있는 기반을 마련함과 동시에 조경기술자가 직접 입찰에 참여할 수 있도록 전통조경설계업체의 신설 필요성을 시사한다. This study identified the scale that traditional landscape design has taken up by analyzing a total of 1037 services for design of cultural heritage that had been ordered by the government agencies from 2018 to 2020, and has drawn characteristics of traditional landscape design focusing on major cases. The results are as follows. First, the number of order cases for traditional landscape design has shown differences annually in the services of design of cultural heritage, but the design amount has been found to have the similar average annually, which confirmed that the same level has been maintained each year. It was found that the number of cases of traditional landscape design requiring responsibilities or participations of landscape engineers for 3 years in the entire design had a high proportion of approximately 26%. Second, the traditional landscape design has required professional knowledge and experiences of landscape engineers that could not be replaced by the business operator for design of cultural heritage consisting of architects. The expertise has been shown differently depending on types of construction. First, the topographical design for the work to build a foundation has required understanding of ground shapes and its elevations and professional knowledge on calculation of the amount of the earth work and the remains maintenance technique etc. The plantation design has required basic knowledge on growth characteristics of trees and the environment for growth and understanding of the vegetation landscape of the past. Meanwhile, the design for traditional pavement and traditional landscape structures and facilities has required the expertise on traditional materials that are different from the modern ones and their processing and construction methods. The understanding of changes to water paths and ecosystem, the principles of fluids, and characteristics of each type of fluid was essential for the design for the ecological landscape work including the maintenance of a water system such as rivers etc. As such, the traditional landscape design has a scale accounting for approximately one fourth of the entire cultural heritage design and requires the expertise differentiated from other fields. This improves the provisions of the current law on limiting the actual design, suggesting the need for the establishment of a traditional landscape design company so that all traditional landscape designs can be carried out by landscape engineers.

Analysis of Plant Metabolites Damaged in Chemical Accidents Using NMR Spectroscopy

Minseon Kim,손진영,Yuyoung Song,김용애 대한화학회 2020 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.41 No.11

Chemical accidents can cause a variety of damage, including damage to human health and ecosystems. In Korea, there are a limited number of crops that can be used to calculate damage done to plants after chemical accidents, and there are insufficient data on testing of damaged plants and methods for evaluation thereof because damage calculation methods and procedures have not been specifically established. Therefore, in order to estimate economic losses due to chemical accidents, it is necessary to establish specific calculation methods and procedures. At this point, improvements in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy are needed to improve the accuracy and precision of assessment of plant damage caused by chemical accidents. The purpose of this study is to standardize sample pretreatment methods for NMR application and to develop a methodology for estimation of plant damage via testing and evaluation methods for solid samples such as plants and powders at chemical accident sites.

Hypergravity Enhances Natural Killer Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity against Breast Cancer Cells

Minseon LEE,Dongjoo KIM,Soonjo KWON 한국생물공학회 2019 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2019 No.10

Enhanced Cytotoxic Activity of NK cells with Increased Calcium Influx by Electrical Stimulation

Minseon LEE,Soonjo KWON 한국생물공학회 2022 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2022 No.4

Enhanced Production of Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Electrically Stimulated NK Cells for Efficient Immunotherapy

Minseon LEE,Soonjo KWON 한국생물공학회 2022 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2022 No.9

The role of identity in South Korea’s policies towards Japan

Minseon Ku 한국사회과학협의회 2016 Korean Social Science Journal Vol.43 No.2

This paper asks why South Korea’s relations with Japan is so vulnerable to disputes over history in the post-Cold War period. It argues that South Korea’s identities vis-a`-vis Japan and North Korea respectively conflict with each other and leads to inconsistent policy towards Japan that hovers between cooperation and discord. By analyzing South Korea’s relations with Japan as well as its policies and behavior in the post-Cold War period, this paper aims to show how identity factor affects a state’s foreign policy and behavior towards other states. In doing so, it questions the rationality assumption of state behavior in IR and offers alternative explanations on how to better understand ‘‘emotional’’ foreign policies.

Analysis of fatty acid methyl ester in bio-liquid by hollow fiber-liquid phase microextraction

Minseon Choi,Soyoung Lee,Sunyoung Bae 한국분석과학회 2017 분석과학 Vol.30 No.4

Strategies for Enhancing the Expansion and Half-life of Natural Killer Cells Using 3D Microcarrier Culture

Minseon LEE,Soonjo KWON 한국생물공학회 2021 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.4

Effects of Electrical Stimulation on Enhancing the Cytotoxic Activity and Half-life of Natural Killer Cells

Minseon LEE,Soonjo KWON 한국생물공학회 2021 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.10

Natural killer (NK) cells are responsible for the effector function against tumors in innate immune system, predominantly mediated by the secretion of lytic granules containing granzyme and perforin at immunological synapses. However, strategies for NK cell-immunotherapy still should be developed due to the existing immune evasion of tumors by protecting cells from granule uptake and being resistant to NK cell-mediated killing. In this study, we designed a direct current electrical stimulation (ES) system using platinum electrodes as a strategy for enhancing cytotoxic activity and half-life of NK cells for efficient immunotherapy. ES effects have been studied in tissue engineering for bone healing and stem cells by targeting calcium signaling on cell differentiation and migration. Exposure to electrical field could induce changes in calcium flux and mediated pathway, which could be also indispensable for exocytosis of cytotoxic enzyme and tumor killing in NK cells. Cultured KHYG-1 cells were exposed to 1hr direct current ES (voltage range from 0.2 to 1.0V/㎝) and effect of stimulation was analyzed by cell viability, NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and gene expression level of related genes. Gene expression level of GZMB was 1.36-fold and 1.58-fold higher without any effects on cell viability, following exposure to ES with 0.5V/cm and 1.0V/㎝, respectively. These findings provide the useful insight regarding the strategies for improving NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity through calcium-dependent exocytosis of lytic granules without any genetic modification, which need to be further studied as one of the new immunotherapy methods.

Frequency-Domain Data Augmentation of Vibration Data for Fault Diagnosis using Deep Neural Networks

Minseon Gwak,Seunghyun Ryu,Yongbeom Park,Hyeon-Woo Na,PooGyeon Park 제어로봇시스템학회 2022 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2022 No.11

This paper proposes a data augmentation method for vibration data-based fault diagnosis using deep neural networks. The proposed method is devised to deal with the practical problem in applying trained models to facilities, where frequency-domain features of data vary according to the change in the working environment of the facilities. In the proposed method, training data are augmented by scaling the frequency-domain features of raw training data by small amounts generated by a normal distribution. The proposed method is implemented to preserve the symmetricity of the positive and negative frequency-domain components and return the real part of the complex inverse transformed data as final augmented data. The advantage of the proposed method is verified by simulation, where the operating conditions of training and test data differ. Moreover, it is shown that the proposed method can improve the accuracy of models better compared to a time-domain data augmentation using similar random scaling.