Quality of Life and Psychological Well-Being in Obesity Management

Miguel Á,ngel Rojo Tirado 계명대학교 간호과학연구소 2017 계명간호과학 Vol.20 No.3

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to review the Quality of Life and Psychological Well-Being in Obesity Management. Methods: Literature on psychological and behavioral issues in obesity treatment was explored. Results: Obesity is rapidly becoming one of the most important health concerns in developed countries worldwide. The increasing prevalence of obesity places significant burdens on individuals and healthcare systems. In addition to its clear clinical effects, obesity carries a substantial burden in personal terms, as measured by reduced daily functioning, and by general, health-related and obesity-specific quality-of- life (QoL) metrics. QoL has been defined as the effect of medical conditions on well being and physical and mental function, reflecting the functional effects of a disease as perceived by the patient. Hence, individuals living with obesity are subject to considerable stigma, which they may internalize and experience as shame, depression and anxiety. The negative impact of obesity on the four main domains of QOL(physical health, mental health, social functioning, and vocational functioning) largely outweighs physical symptoms and its associated co-morbidities, such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and coronary heart disease. Obesity per se is a cause of discrimination in several areas of social life. Psychological disturbances, frequently observed in obese people, are likely to further impair the perceived health status. Conclusion: A quantitative measurement of QOL (including the physical and mental dimensions) is critical in defining strategies to improve patients’ reported outcomes.

Roadmap on optical sensors

Ferreira, Má,rio F S,Castro-Camus, Enrique,Ottaway, David J,Ló,pez-Higuera, José,Miguel,Feng, Xian,Jin, Wei,Jeong, Yoonchan,Picqué,, Nathalie,Tong, Limin,Reinhard, Bjö,rn M IOP 2017 Journal of optics Vol.19 No.8

<P>Sensors are devices or systems able to detect, measure and convert magnitudes from any domain to an electrical one. Using light as a probe for optical sensing is one of the most efficient approaches for this purpose. The history of optical sensing using some methods based on absorbance, emissive and florescence properties date back to the 16th century. The field of optical sensors evolved during the following centuries, but it did not achieve maturity until the demonstration of the first laser in 1960. The unique properties of laser light become particularly important in the case of laser-based sensors, whose operation is entirely based upon the direct detection of laser light itself, without relying on any additional mediating device. However, compared with freely propagating light beams, artificially engineered optical fields are in increasing demand for probing samples with very small sizes and/or weak light−matter interaction. Optical fiber sensors constitute a subarea of optical sensors in which fiber technologies are employed. Different types of specialty and photonic crystal fibers provide improved performance and novel sensing concepts. Actually, structurization with wavelength or subwavelength feature size appears as the most efficient way to enhance sensor sensitivity and its detection limit. This leads to the area of micro- and nano-engineered optical sensors. It is expected that the combination of better fabrication techniques and new physical effects may open new and fascinating opportunities in this area. This roadmap on optical sensors addresses different technologies and application areas of the field. Fourteen contributions authored by experts from both industry and academia provide insights into the current state-of-the-art and the challenges faced by researchers currently. Two sections of this paper provide an overview of laser-based and frequency comb-based sensors. Three sections address the area of optical fiber sensors, encompassing both conventional, specialty and photonic crystal fibers. Several other sections are dedicated to micro- and nano-engineered sensors, including whispering-gallery mode and plasmonic sensors. The uses of optical sensors in chemical, biological and biomedical areas are described in other sections. Different approaches required to satisfy applications at visible, infrared and THz spectral regions are also discussed. Advances in science and technology required to meet challenges faced in each of these areas are addressed, together with suggestions on how the field could evolve in the near future.</P>

Effect of anchoring groups in zinc phthalocyanine on the dye-sensitized solar cell performance and stability

Garcí,a-Iglesias, Miguel,Yum, Jun-Ho,Humphry-Baker, Robin,Zakeeruddin, Shaik M.,Pé,chy, Peter,Vá,zquez, Purificació,n,Palomares, Emilio,Grä,tzel, Michael,Nazeeruddin, Moham Royal Society of Chemistry 2011 Chemical science Vol.2 No.6

<P>We have designed and developed an unsymmetrical zinc phthalocyanine (TT9) sensitizer that consists of three <I>tert</I>-butyl and two carboxylic acid groups that act as “<I>push</I>” and “<I>pull</I>”, respectively. The two carboxylic acid groups graft the sensitizer onto the semiconductor surface resulting in enhanced stability under heat and light compared to the similar unsymmetrical zinc phthalocyanine (TT1) sensitizer that consists of three <I>tert</I>-butyl and only one carboxylic acid groups. The solar cells containing the TT9 and TT1 sensitizers with non-volatile electrolyte were subjected to light soaking conditions at 60 °C. Under these conditions, the short circuit current of the TT1 sensitized solar cell after 1000 h decreases to half of its initial value where as the TT9 sensitized solar cell remained the same demonstrating the influence of number of anchoring groups on the stability of zinc phthalocyanine sensitized solar cells.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Phthalocyanine TT9 (red) grafts onto the semiconductor surface resulting in enhanced stability compared to TT1 (black). <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c0sc00602e'> </P>

SPATIAL CLUSTERING FROM<i>GALEX</i>-SDSS SAMPLES: STAR FORMATION HISTORY AND LARGE-SCALE CLUSTERING

Heinis, Sé,bastien,Budavá,ri, Tamá,s,Szalay, Alex S.,Arnouts, Sté,phane,Aragó,n-Calvo, Miguel A.,Wyder, Ted K.,Barlow, Tom A.,Foster, Karl,Peter, Friedman G.,Martin, D. C IOP Publishing 2009 The Astrophysical journal Vol.698 No.2

Guaranteed GNSS-based Road Charging Applications through User-Level Integrity

Audrey Mark,Joaquí,n Cosmen Schortmann,Miguel Á,ngel Martí,nez Olagü,e,Miguel Romay Merino 한국항해항만학회 2006 한국항해항만학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2 No.-

Integrity plays a fundamental role in the feasibility of “liability critical” applications. Road charging, e.g. road tolling in urban zones or on highways, represents a series of liability critical applications where a guarantee in integrity could be a true enabler: being the mechanism that prevents the incorrect charging of users and enabling the advancement of these applications using GNSS such as Galileo and EGNOS that provide integrity mechanisms. However, the integrity of the end user position is not guaranteed by the EGNOS and Galileo integrity services alone as provided. Algorithms have been developed to supply a guarantee on the performance attainable at the user level through the provision of a horizontal protection level that responds to local user conditions such as multipath or interference. In addition, an application has been developed that implements road charging mechanisms based on the availability of user-level integrity. Results obtained show that the user-level integrity algorithms provided the required level of integrity guarantee and granularity of the horizontal protection levels necessary for executing urban and rural (highway) road charging. In addition, the road charging application developed shows that the current application domain requirements can be met through the provision of guaranteed integrity and that further reductions in the horizontal protection levels along with increased signal availability will enable future road charging modalities.

Reversed Janus Micro/Nanomotors with Internal Chemical Engine

Ma, Xing,Jang, Seungwook,Popescu, Mihail N.,Uspal, William E.,Miguel-Ló,pez, Albert,Hahn, Kersten,Kim, Dong-Pyo,Sá,nchez, Samuel American Chemical Society 2016 ACS NANO Vol.10 No.9

<P/><P>Self-motile Janus colloids are important for enabling a wide variety of microtechnology applications as well as for improving our understanding of the mechanisms of motion of artificial micro- and nanoswimmers. We present here micro/nanomotors which possess a reversed Janus structure of an internal catalytic “chemical engine”. The catalytic material (here platinum (Pt)) is embedded within the interior of the mesoporous silica (mSiO<SUB>2</SUB>)-based hollow particles and triggers the decomposition of H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> when suspended in an aqueous peroxide (H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>) solution. The pores/gaps at the noncatalytic (Pt) hemisphere allow the exchange of chemical species in solution between the exterior and the interior of the particle. By varying the diameter of the particles, we observed size-dependent motile behavior in the form of enhanced diffusion for 500 nm particles, and self-phoretic motion, toward the nonmetallic part, for 1.5 and 3 μm ones. The direction of motion was rationalized by a theoretical model based on self-phoresis. For the 3 μm particles, a change in the morphology of the porous part is observed, which is accompanied by a change in the mechanism of propulsion <I>via</I> bubble nucleation and ejection as well as a change in the direction of motion.</P>