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Michalak, Anna M.,Anderson, Eric J.,Beletsky, Dmitry,Boland, Steven,Bosch, Nathan S.,Bridgeman, Thomas B.,Chaffin, Justin D.,Cho, Kyunghwa,Confesor, Rem,Daloğ,lu, Irem,DePinto, Joseph V.,Evans, M National Academy of Sciences 2013 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.110 No.16
<P>In 2011, Lake Erie experienced the largest harmful algal bloom in its recorded history, with a peak intensity over three times greater than any previously observed bloom. Here we show that long-term trends in agricultural practices are consistent with increasing phosphorus loading to the western basin of the lake, and that these trends, coupled with meteorological conditions in spring 2011, produced record-breaking nutrient loads. An extended period of weak lake circulation then led to abnormally long residence times that incubated the bloom, and warm and quiescent conditions after bloom onset allowed algae to remain near the top of the water column and prevented flushing of nutrients from the system. We further find that all of these factors are consistent with expected future conditions. If a scientifically guided management plan to mitigate these impacts is not implemented, we can therefore expect this bloom to be a harbinger of future blooms in Lake Erie.</P>
Endoplasmic reticulum stress in periimplantation embryos
Michalak, Marek,Gye, Myung Chan The Korean Society for Reproductive Medicine 2015 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.42 No.1
Stress coping mechanisms are critical to minimize or overcome damage caused by ever changing environmental conditions. They are designed to promote cell survival. The unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway is mobilized in response to the accumulation of unfolded proteins, ultimately in order to regain endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis. Various elements of coping responses to ER stress including Perk, Ask1, Bip, Chop, Gadd34, Ire1, Atf4, Atf6, and Xbp1 have been identified and were found to be inducible in oocytes and preimplantation embryos, suggesting that, as a normal part of the cellular adaptive mechanism, these coping responses, including the UPR, play a pivotal role in the development of preimplantation embryos. As such, the UPR-associated molecules and pathways may become useful markers for the potential diagnosis of stress conditions for preimplantation embryos. After implantation, ER stress-induced coping responses become physiologically important for a normal decidual response, placentation, and early organogenesis. Attenuation of ER stress coping responses by tauroursodeoxycholate and salubrinal was effective for prevention of cell death of cultured embryos. Further elucidation of new and relevant ER stress coping responses in periimplantation embryos might contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the regulation of normal development of embryonic development and potentiation of embryonic development in vitro.
Wojcik, Mariusz,Michalak, Przemyslaw,Tachiya, M. Korean Chemical Society 2012 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.33 No.3
Geminate electron-hole recombination in organic solids in the presence of a donor-acceptor heterojunction is studied by computer simulations. We analyze how the charge-pair separation probability in such systems is affected by energetic disorder of the media, anisotropy of charge-carrier mobilities, and other factors. We show that in energetically disordered systems the effect of heterojunction on the charge-pair separation probability is stronger than that in idealized systems without disorder. We also show that a mismatch between electron and hole mobilities reduces the separation probability, although in energetically disordered systems this effect is weaker compared to the case of no energetic disorder. We demonstrate that the most important factor that determines the charge-pair separation probability is the ratio of the sum of electron and hole mobilities to the rate constant of recombination reaction. We also consider systems with mobility anisotropy and calculate the electric field dependence of the charge-pair separation probability for all possible orientations of high-mobility axes in the donor and acceptor phases. We theoretically show that it is possible to increase the charge-pair separation probability by controlling the mobility anisotropy in heterojunction systems and in consequence to achieve higher efficiencies of organic photovoltaic devices.
Calcium and bioenergetics: from endoplasmic reticulum to mitochondria
Lee, Duk-Gyu,Michalak, Marek The Korean Society for Integrative Biology 2012 Animal cells and systems Vol.16 No.4
Controlling metabolism throughout life is a necessity for living creatures, and perturbation of energy balance elicits disorders such as type-2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. $Ca^{2+}$ plays a key role in regulating energy generation. $Ca^{2+}$ homeostasis of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen is maintained through the action of $Ca^{2+}$ channels and the $Ca^{2+}$ ATPase pump. Once released from the ER, $Ca^{2+}$ is taken up by mitochondria where it facilitates energy metabolism. Mitochondrial $Ca^{2+}$ serves as a key metabolic regulator and determinant of cell fate, necrosis, and/or apoptosis. Here, we focus on $Ca^{2+}$ transport from the ER to mitochondria, and $Ca^{2+}$-dependent regulation of mitochondrial energy metabolism.
Mariusz Wojcik,Przemyslaw Michalak,M. Tachiya 대한화학회 2012 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.33 No.3
Geminate electron-hole recombination in organic solids in the presence of a donor-acceptor heterojunction is studied by computer simulations. We analyze how the charge-pair separation probability in such systems is affected by energetic disorder of the media, anisotropy of charge-carrier mobilities, and other factors. We show that in energetically disordered systems the effect of heterojunction on the charge-pair separation probability is stronger than that in idealized systems without disorder. We also show that a mismatch between electron and hole mobilities reduces the separation probability, although in energetically disordered systems this effect is weaker compared to the case of no energetic disorder. We demonstrate that the most important factor that determines the charge-pair separation probability is the ratio of the sum of electron and hole mobilities to the rate constant of recombination reaction. We also consider systems with mobility anisotropy and calculate the electric field dependence of the charge-pair separation probability for all possible orientations of high-mobility axes in the donor and acceptor phases. We theoretically show that it is possible to increase the charge-pair separation probability by controlling the mobility anisotropy in heterojunction systems and in consequence to achieve higher efficiencies of organic photovoltaic devices.
Calcium and bioenergetics: from endoplasmic reticulum to mitochondria
Dukgyu Lee,Marek Michalak 한국통합생물학회 2012 Animal cells and systems Vol.16 No.4
Controlling metabolism throughout life is a necessity for living creatures, and perturbation of energy balance elicits disorders such as type-2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Ca2+ plays a key role in regulating energy generation. Ca2+ homeostasis of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen is maintained through the action of Ca2+ channels and the Ca2+ ATPase pump. Once released from the ER, Ca2+ is taken up by mitochondria where it facilitates energy metabolism. Mitochondrial Ca2+ serves as a key metabolic regulator and determinant of cell fate, necrosis, and/or apoptosis. Here, we focus on Ca2+ transport from the ER to mitochondria, and Ca2+-dependent regulation of mitochondrial energy metabolism.
Mini Review : Membrane associated Ca2+ buffers in the heart
( Duk Gyu Lee ),( Marek Michalak ) 한국생화학분자생물학회 (구 한국생화학회) 2010 BMB Reports Vol.43 No.3
Ca2+ is a universal signalling molecule that affects a variety of cellular processes including cardiac development. The majority of intracellular Ca2+ is stored in the endoplasmic and sarcoplasmic reticulum of muscle and non-muscle cells. Calreticulin is a well studied Ca2+-buffering protein in the endoplasmic reticulum, and calreticulin deficiency is embryonic lethal due to impaired cardiac development. Despite calsequestrin being the most abundant Ca2+-buffering protein in the sarcoplasmic reticulum, viability is maintained in embryos without calsequestrin and normal Ca2+ release and contractile function is observed. The Ca2+ homeostasis regulated by the endoplasmic and sarcoplasmic reticulum is critical for the development and proper function of the heart. [BMB reports 2010; 43(3): 151-157]
N. Ornov,M. Zygmanowski,J. Michalak,A. Ruderman 전력전자학회 2019 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.2019 No.5
multilevel power converters offer important advantages compared with their classic two-level counterparts. Hybrid neutral point clamped converter with capacitor cells, particularly an H-bridge topology, may be one of the attractive options. This paper presents an innovative modulation strategy providing natural voltage balancing characteristics for that particular topology. The developed modulation strategy shows proper balancing dynamics for the full range of modulation indices. Both MATLAB simulations and laboratory experiment verify theoretical average natural balancing dynamics analysis.
Monika Srebro,Lukasz Piekos,Artur Michalak,김태진,강상욱,정민석,옥명안 한국고분자학회 2010 Macromolecular Research Vol.18 No.10
The Ziegler-Rauk bond-energy decomposition analysis was performed for the frontside (FS) and backside (BS) transition states of ethylene insertion in the processes catalyzed by half-titanocenes with phenoxy ligands to rationalize the origin of the energetic preference of the backside insertion observed for the complexes with monosubstituted phenoxide(Type 4 catalysts). The final preference of the backside or frontside transition state comes as a balance between the electronic preference of the former, and the steric preference of the latter. The unique energetic preference of the backside insertion observed for Type 4 catalysts appears to be a result of reduced steric crowding. The openness near the metal center and conformational flexibility leads to enhanced catalytic activity of those systems. In addition, Car-Parinello molecular dynamic simulations were carried out to examine the influence of entropic effects on the preference of the insertion mechanism. For Type 4 catalysts, the spontaneous frontside insertion was observed. Therefore, at the free-energy level, frontside insertion becomes viable due to entropic destabilization of the backside transition state.