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Global Regulatory Trends and its Impact to the Crop Protection Industry
Kersten E. Mewes 한국농약과학회 2007 한국농약과학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-
Crop Protection (CP) products are already highly regulated in nearly all countries. Scientific progress and an increasing public concern over the adverse effects of Crop Protection products result in even more regulations. These new regulations or new assessment schemes usually originate from either the US, the European Union (EU) or Japan and impact the industry by adding costs and risks to the development of new products. However, there are also positive developments for the industry, in particular the effort in some countries to shorten the review timelines for regulatory submissions. This effort is particularly successful in the US and in some EU member states. On the other hand, the revision of Directive 91/414/EEC, that will probably come into force in 2010, is expected to result in much longer registration time lines in Europe. The R&D costs of a new active ingredient have increased considerably over the last 10 years to more than 200 mio USD. Over the last 15 years an area of particular interest to regulators has been ecotoxicology and the costs to generate the necessary data, in that area, have increased markedly. Data protection and data compensation schemes are well developed in the US. The EU data protection system is under review and a new system will be put in place in approx. 2010 when the new regulation replacing Directive 91/414/EEC comes into force. In 1994 major re-registration programmes were started in the US, EU and Japan, currently resulting in the loss about 50% of the active ingredients in the ED. Secondary regulatory hurdles, e.g. PIC listing, and non-regulatory hurdles, e.g. lists created by the food industry are of increasing concern to the Crop Protection industry.
Jalli, Jeevan,Hong, Yang-Ki,Bae, Seok,Lee, Jae-Jin,Abo, Gavin S.,Lyle, Andrew,Gee, Sung-Hoon,Lee, Hwachol,Mewes, Tim,Sur, Jeong-Chul,Lee, Sung-Ik American Institute of Physics 2009 JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS - Vol.105 No.7
<P>Liquid phase epitaxy technique was used to grow 144 mu m thick barium ferrite (BaFe12O19; BaM) single crystalline films on (111) Gd3Ga5O12 substrate. The growth rate of 72 mu m/h was achieved with a flux system of Fe2O3-BaCO3-Na2CO3. The grown BaM films show single crystalline (000l) orientation that was confirmed by x-ray diffraction and magnetic torque curves. The saturation magnetization (4 pi M-s) and the anisotropy field (H-k) were found to be 4.2 kG and 16.0 kOe, respectively. The ferrimagnetic resonance linewidth (Delta H) at 35 GHz was measured to be 0.1 kOe. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3062824]</P>
Transient thermal response of a highly porous ventilated brake disc
Mew, Timothy D,Kang, Ki-Ju,Kienhö,fer, Frank W,Kim, Tongbeum Professional Engineering Publishing Ltd 2015 Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engin Vol. No.
<P>The transient thermal response of a newly developed ventilated brake disc cored with a porous medium (wire-woven bulk diamond) is compared with those of a solid brake disc and a conventionally ventilated brake disc with pin fins. The best-performing brake disc vis-à-vis the operating temperature is dependent on the duration of braking: for a short braking event, <I>T</I>(solid) < <I>T</I>(pin-finned) < <I>T</I>(porous); however, for extended braking <I>T</I>(porous) < <I>T</I>(pin-finned) < <I>T</I>(solid). These experimental results are explained in terms of the governing thermophysical parameters using a classical first-order unsteady-state differential equation. The initial rate of increase in the brake disc temperature is dominated by the thermal capacity term; hence, for a short braking event, solid discs with a large thermal capacity operate at a low temperature. However, for extended braking, ventilated discs run cooler and reach lower steady-state temperatures than solid rotors do owing to the increased convective surface area and the forced convection in the ventilated channels. With the wire-woven bulk diamond core which allows a slightly lighter disc than the conventional pin-finned disc, a substantially lower steady-state temperature can be achieved, resulting from promoted flow mixing by three-dimensional wire-woven bulk diamond ligaments which enhance convection.</P>
Directed motion of elongated active polymers
Wan, Mew-Bing,Jho, YongSeok The Royal Society of Chemistry 2013 Soft matter Vol.9 No.12
<P>Previous work shows that a net directed motion arises from a system of individual particles undergoing run-and-tumble dynamics in the presence of an array of asymmetric barriers. Here, we show that when the individual particle is replaced by a chain of particles linked to each other by spring forces (polymer), the rectification is enhanced. It is found that the rectification increases when the number of particles in each polymer, as well as its length, increases. In addition, the rectification increases when the size of the opening between neighboring funnel tips, <I>l</I><SUB>o</SUB>, decreases. Interestingly, if the conformal entropic difference exceeds the thermal diffusion, a net directed motion is observed even when the run-and-tumble dynamics approaches Brownian motion. Also, when the inelastic collisions between the particles and the barriers are replaced by elastic collisions, a <I>reversed</I> rectification is observed.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Previous work shows that a net directed motion arises from a system of individual particles undergoing run-and-tumble dynamics in the presence of an array of asymmetric barriers. Here, we show that when the individual particle is replaced by a chain of particles linked to each other by spring forces (polymer) the rectification is enhanced. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c3sm27851d'> </P>
Effects of magnetic field topology in black hole-neutron star mergers: Long-term simulations
American Physical Society 2017 Physical Review D Vol.95 No.10
<P>We report long-term simulations of black hole-neutron star binary mergers where the neutron star possesses an asymmetric magnetic field dipole. Focusing on the scenario where the neutron star is tidally disrupted by the black hole, we track the evolution of the binary up to approximate to 100 ms after the merger. We uncover more than one episode of thermally driven winds being launched along a funnel wall in all these cases beginning from approximate to 25 ms after the merger. On the other hand, we are unable to conclude presently whether the amount of ejected mass increases with the degree of asymmetry. A large-scale magnetic field configuration in the poloidal direction is formed along the funnel wall accompanied by the generation of a large Poynting flux. The magnetic field in the accretion disk around the black hole remnant is amplified by both magnetic winding and the nonaxisymmetric magnetorotational instability (MRI). The MRI growth is estimated to be in the ideal magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) regime and thus would be free from significant effects induced by potential neutrino radiation. However, the asymmetry in the magnetic field leads to increased turbulence, which causes the vertical magnetic field in the accretion disk to grow largely in a nonlinear manner.</P>
Explicit Flavor Symmetry Breaking and Holographic Compact Stars
김영만,신익재,이창환,Mew-Bing Wan 한국물리학회 2015 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.66 No.4
We study the effects of flavor symmetry breaking on holographic dense matter and compact starsin the D4/D6 model. To this end, two light flavors and one intermediate mass flavor are considered. For two light quarks, we investigate how the strong isospin violation affects the propertiesof holographic dense matter and compact stars. We observe that quark-antiquark condensates areflavor dependent and show interesting behavior near the transition from dense matter with onlyone flavor to matter with two flavors. An intermediate mass quark is introduced to investigate therole of the third flavor. The mass-radius relations of holographic compact stars with three flavorsshow that the mass-radius curve changes drastically at a transition density from which the thirdflavor begins to appear in the matter.