http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
( Masaki Takaoka ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2022 ISSE 초록집 Vol.2022 No.-
The incineration ratio of municipal solid waste in Japan is approximately 80%. This is because municipal solid waste incineration has been developed as a countermeasure against infectious diseases, and during the period of rapid economic growth after World War II, the rapid increase in waste made it difficult to secure final disposal sites, and the demand for more volume and weight reduction caused the increase in the incineration ratio. Of course, the 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) are promoted, but energy recovery is necessary for non-recyclable waste. Energy produced from biological waste, which accounts for more than half of municipal solid waste, is a type of renewable energy and can be regarded as an alternative to fossil fuels. Therefore, nowadays, waste to energy facility has been recognized as an energy recovery facility, which is a climate change measure. Waste power generation has risen from 7,210 GWh in 2010 to 10,153 GWh in 2020, despite the fact that the amount of waste has been continuously decreasing since 2000. Furthermore, Japan is vulnerable to natural disasters, and the disposal of disaster waste must always be considered. Disaster waste should be recycled as much as possible, but at the same time, a large amount of organic disaster waste such as waste wood needs to be treated as soon as possible to improve sanitary conditions in the affected areas, and in this respect, waste to energy facilities can serve as a base for the treatment of disaster waste. In other words, it can also serve as a climate change adaptation measure. In Japan, the Ministry of the Environment has developed a mid- to long-term scenario for the material cycles and waste management sector in 2021, with the aim of achieving carbon neutrality by 2050. Recently, greenhouse gas reduction scenarios of based on future waste generation, composition, recycling and treatment have been proposed. In that scenario, the future direction is also based on further waste reduction, promotion of the use of biomass materials, and promotion of plastic resource recycling, but even with many ambitious measures, there will still be residual waste to be incinerated and to achieve net zero in this sector at 2050, 6.2 million tons-CO<sub>2</sub> of carbon capture in incineration plants have been required. Therefore, various technological developments and system studies are currently underway, including CO<sub>2</sub> recovery from incineration facilities.
The Myth of the “New Phoenicians" : Are Lebanese People Really Cosmopolitan?
Masaki Mizobuchi,Yutaka Takaoka 부산외국어대학교 지중해지역원 2013 The Mediterranean Review Vol.6 No.1
Most previous studies have assumed the following hypothesis: the Lebanese diaspora continues to have strong attachments to the homeland based on close networks of personal connections, and almost all Lebanese have a strong interest in foreign countries through such networks. That is why the Lebanese have come to be commonly known as the “New Phoenicians.” Furthermore, the large amount of remittances from the Lebanese diaspora has been pointed out by almost all previous studies as clear evidence of such networks. The BCRI’s “Middle East Opinion Poll (Lebanon 2010)” and the “Middle East Opinion Poll (Lebanon 2012),” conducted in collaboration with our Japanese research team, however, presented a serious challenge to the common belief. Thus, we conclude that the widespread image of the Lebanese as “New Phoenicians” represents only a small segment of society; in contrast, the majority of middle- or low-income Lebanese do not receive any benefit from such global networks. Keywords: Lebanon, Lebanese Diaspora, Migration, Economic Polarization, Opinion Poll