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Masahiro Inoue,Hisamitsu Ide,Koji Kurihara,Tatsuro Koseki,Jingsong Yu,Toshiyuki China,Keisuke Saito,Shuji Isotani,Satoru Muto,Shigeo Horie 대한비뇨의학회 2012 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.53 No.6
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical and hormonal features of patients with incidentally discovered adrenal adenomas in relation to corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) testing and the clinical outcome of adrenalectomy. Materials and Methods: Twenty-three consecutive patients with incidentally detected adrenal adenomas were included in this retrospective study. All the patients underwent abdominal computed tomography scans and hormonal assays, including assessment of circadian rhythms of plasma cortisol and corticotropin (adrenocorticotropic hormone, ACTH), a corticotropin stimulation test, and low-dose and high-dose dexamethasone tests. The patients were reevaluated at regular intervals (6, 12, and 24 months) for a median period of 24 months. Subclinical Cushing’s syndrome (SCS) was diagnosed in patients with subtle hypercortisolism who did not present clinical signs of Cushing’s syndrome. Results: We calculated the responsive index (peak value of ACTH in CRH test/baseline value of ACTH in CRH test). Of 23 patients, 6 had Cushing’s syndrome, 8 had SCS, and 9 had a non-functioning tumor. All patients underwent laparoscopic adrenalectomy. Several patients (5 of 6 with Cushing’s syndrome and 2 of 8 with SCS) required cortisol replacement therapy after surgery. The remaining patients required no hormonal replacement after surgery. Those who required hormone replacement had a responsive index of less than 1.2. Those who did not need hormone replacement therapy had a responsive index of more than 2.0. Conclusions: In our limited experience, the responsive index of the CRH test might be a valuable tool for predicting the need for cortisol replacement after surgery in patients with SCS. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical and hormonal features of patients with incidentally discovered adrenal adenomas in relation to corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) testing and the clinical outcome of adrenalectomy. Materials and Methods: Twenty-three consecutive patients with incidentally detected adrenal adenomas were included in this retrospective study. All the patients underwent abdominal computed tomography scans and hormonal assays, including assessment of circadian rhythms of plasma cortisol and corticotropin (adrenocorticotropic hormone, ACTH), a corticotropin stimulation test, and low-dose and high-dose dexamethasone tests. The patients were reevaluated at regular intervals (6, 12, and 24 months) for a median period of 24 months. Subclinical Cushing’s syndrome (SCS) was diagnosed in patients with subtle hypercortisolism who did not present clinical signs of Cushing’s syndrome. Results: We calculated the responsive index (peak value of ACTH in CRH test/baseline value of ACTH in CRH test). Of 23 patients, 6 had Cushing’s syndrome, 8 had SCS, and 9 had a non-functioning tumor. All patients underwent laparoscopic adrenalectomy. Several patients (5 of 6 with Cushing’s syndrome and 2 of 8 with SCS) required cortisol replacement therapy after surgery. The remaining patients required no hormonal replacement after surgery. Those who required hormone replacement had a responsive index of less than 1.2. Those who did not need hormone replacement therapy had a responsive index of more than 2.0. Conclusions: In our limited experience, the responsive index of the CRH test might be a valuable tool for predicting the need for cortisol replacement after surgery in patients with SCS.
Tomoharu Inoue,Shin Nagai,Shota Inoue,Masahiro Ozaki,Shohei Sakai,Hiroyuki Muraoka,Hiroshi Koizumi 한국산림과학회 2012 Forest Science And Technology Vol.8 No.2
We investigated the relationships between soil respiration and environmental factors during foliation and defoliation periods in three ecosystems under the same physical–geographical environmental conditions in central Japan. These ecosystems comprised deciduous broad-leaved forest (Quercus crispula dominated, site Q), deciduous needle-leaved forest (Larix kaempferi dominated, site L), and grassland (Zoysia japonica dominated, site Z). Field measurements of soil respiration were made using a closed chamber method with an infrared gas analyzer at monthly intervals in the snow-free seasons from May 2010 to November 2011. Soil respiration began to increase in May, peaked rapidly in summer (July to September), and decreased in November. The seasonal patterns of soil respiration and soil temperature were nearly parallel among the three sites, with one exception, which may have been caused by the decrease in soil water content during summer months (July to September). Although Q_10 values based on the entire measurement period in 2010 were roughly the same as those in 2011 at the three sites, there was a large difference in Q_10 between the foliation and defoliation periods in both years, especially at the two forest sites. These differences among the three sites may be caused by differences in soil temperature dynamics and precipitation activity. To better understand the relationship between soil respiration and environmental factors, continuous observations are needed of soil respiration, environmental factors, and biological activities both below ground and above ground under the same physical–geographical environmental conditions.
Rule Induction Considering Implication Relations Between Conclusions
Masahiro Inuiguchi,Masanori Inoue,Yoshifumi Kusunoki 대한산업공학회 2011 Industrial Engineeering & Management Systems Vol.10 No.1
In rough set literatures, methods for inducing minimal rules from a given decision table have been proposed. When the decision attribute is ordinal, inducing rules about upward and downward unions of decision classes is advantageous in the simplicity of obtained rules. However, because of independent applications of the rule induction method, inclusion relations among upward/downward unions in conclusion parts are not inherited to the condition parts of obtained rules. This non-inheritance may debase the quality of obtained rules. To ensure that inclusion relations among conclusions are inherited to conditions, we propose two rule induction approaches. The performances of the proposed approaches considering the inclusion relations between conclusions are examined by numerical experiments.
COSMIC RAYS AND GAMMA-RAYS IN LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE
INOUE SUSUMU,NAGASHIMA MASAHIRO,SUZUKI TAKERU K.,AOKI WAKO The Korean Astronomical Society 2004 Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society Vol.37 No.5
During the hierarchical formation of large scale structure in the universe, the progressive collapse and merging of dark matter should inevitably drive shocks into the gas, with nonthermal particle acceleration as a natural consequence. Two topics in this regard are discussed, emphasizing what important things nonthermal phenomena may tell us about the structure formation (SF) process itself. 1. Inverse Compton gamma-rays from large scale SF shocks and non-gravitational effects, and the implications for probing the warm-hot intergalactic medium. We utilize a semi-analytic approach based on Monte Carlo merger trees that treats both merger and accretion shocks self-consistently. 2. Production of $^6Li$ by cosmic rays from SF shocks in the early Galaxy, and the implications for probing Galaxy formation and uncertain physics on sub-Galactic scales. Our new observations of metal-poor halo stars with the Subaru High Dispersion Spectrograph are highlighted.
Nakamura, Masahiro,Makoto, Kobayashi,Tanaka, Motonobu,Inoue, Taiki,Son, Yowhan,Hiura, Tsutom Springer-Verlag 2016 Trees Vol.30 No.5
<P>Tall birch trees allocate extra resource due to aboveground temperature elevation to bud and male flower production rather than to plant growth. Saplings increased only plant growth under warming. Size-dependent response should be considered. We experimentally heated canopy organs of tall birch trees (Betula ermanii Cham.; 18-20 m high) growing at a high latitude to determine how leaf phenology, plant growth, and bud and male flower production might shift in response to increases in aboveground temperature during global climate change. We warmed the canopies with infrared heat lamps fixed to steel pipe scaffolds built around the trees. The temperature of the warmed canopies increased by approximately 1 A degrees C. Warming extended the length of the growing season of canopy leaves (by accelerating leaf flush and delaying leaf fall), and significantly increased the numbers of buds and male flowers per shoot. Bud production and shoot length were positively correlated in both warmed and control branches. However, warming did not increase canopy shoot lengths. The intercept value of the positive regression slope between bud production and shoot length for warmed branches was higher than that for control branches. Thus, canopy warming had a direct positive effect on the bud production but had no indirect effect via increases in shoot length. Our experiment showed that tall birch trees allocated extra resources made available by increased aboveground temperature to bud and male flower production rather than to plant growth.</P>
Rule Induction Considering Implication Relations Between Conclusions
Inuiguchi, Masahiro,Inoue, Masanori,Kusunoki, Yoshifumi Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers 2011 Industrial Engineeering & Management Systems Vol.10 No.1
In rough set literatures, methods for inducing minimal rules from a given decision table have been proposed. When the decision attribute is ordinal, inducing rules about upward and downward unions of decision classes is advantageous in the simplicity of obtained rules. However, because of independent applications of the rule induction method, inclusion relations among upward/downward unions in conclusion parts are not inherited to the condition parts of obtained rules. This non-inheritance may debase the quality of obtained rules. To ensure that inclusion relations among conclusions are inherited to conditions, we propose two rule induction approaches. The performances of the proposed approaches considering the inclusion relations between conclusions are examined by numerical experiments.
( Hideaki Soya ),( Masahiro Okamoto ),( Takashi Matsui ),( Min Chul Lee ),( Koshiro Inoue ),( Shimpei Nishikawa ),( Shingo Soya ),( Takahiko Fujikawa ),( Rakwal Randeep ),( Hyuk Ki Chang ),( Takeshi N 한국운동영양학회 2011 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.15 No.1
The brain is considered to be an organ which can be affected by conditioning or exercise, just like muscles. Exercise activates the brain and enhances several neuronal functions and may lead to several neuronal plastic changes. Neuronal c-Fos accumulation in any hypothalamic nuclei increased only with supra-LT exercise, revealing a LT-like activation pattern. In the brain stem, both supra-LT and below-LT exercise activated the VLM and NTS. In case of hippocampus, its activation was induced by under-LT exercise, which increased regional blood flow through neurovascular coupling. Thus, we found that regions of brain activation were determined differently based on exercise intensity. In the further, more research on exercise intensive is indispensable. In this paper, we reviewed: (1) Hippocampal plasticity through exercise (2) Brain region-specific differential activation patterns with exercise below and above the lactate threshold (3) Hippocampal neuronal activity induced by mild exercise below the lactate threshold: regional blood flow monitoring in the hippocampus (4) Acute mild exercise induces BDNF and short-term training causes AHN (5) Why below-LT exercise is sufficient for hippocampal plasticity (6) Hippocampal activation mechanism during exercise. In particular, based on our recent findings, our focus was directed upon exercise-induced brain activation and neurogenesis.