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Effect of low levels of hydrotropes on micellization of phenothiazine drug
Sulaiman Y. M. Alfaifi,Dileep Kumar,Malik Abdul Rub,Farah Khan,Naved Azum,Anish Khan,Abdullah M. Asiri,Hurija Džudžević-Čančar 한국화학공학회 2021 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.38 No.2
Interactions within mixtures of the phenothiazine drug promethazine hydrochloride (PMH) and cationic hydrotropes ortho-toluidine hydrochloride (o-TDH) and para-toluidine hydrochloride (p-TDH) were investigated at different ratios and temperatures via conductometry to understand various physicochemical properties. Critical micelle concentration (cmc) was less than values of cmcid (cmc in ideal mixed system), indicating significant interaction among the studied constituents in solution mixtures. The cmc of pure PMH was also determined by measuring the surface tension for comparison. A variety of micellization thermodynamic parameters (Gibbs free energy [Gm 0 ], change in standard enthalpy [Hm 0 ], and change in entropy [Sm 0 ]) were computed using conductometry. The micellar mole fraction (X1 Rb, X1 Rod, and X1 id) of hydrotropes estimated by various theoretical models (Rubingh, Rodenas, and Motomura) was assessed, and the results showed a greater contribution of hydrotropes in mixed micelles along with their values increasing via an increase in mole fraction (1) of hydrotropes (o-TDH/p-TDH). Negative values suggest extremely favorable attractive interaction/synergism, as declines occurred in the whole quantity of amphiphile used for the desired purpose, leading to a drop of expenditure along with ecological concern. Obtained activity coefficients (f1 and f2) were always beneath unity, meaning nonideality was found between PMH and o-TDH/p-TDH. Like the conductivity method, the UV-visible and FT-IR techniques also demonstrate the interaction between the PMH and o-TDH/p-TDH.
Ahmed Malik, R.,Hussain, A.,Kwon Song, T.,Kim, W.J.,Ahmed, R.,Soo Sung, Y.,Kim, M.H. Elsevier 2017 CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL Vol.43 No.suppl1
A new lead-free piezoelectric ceramics (1-x) (0.67Bi<SUB>1.05</SUB>FeO<SUB>3</SUB> - 0.33BaTiO<SUB>3</SUB>)-x LiNbO<SUB>3</SUB>, abbreviated as BFBT-LNx (x = 0.00-0.030), were fabricated by conventional mixed oxide route following by quenching process and crystal structure and electromechanical properties were discussed. X-ray diffraction pattern showed that LiNbO<SUB>3</SUB> addition into 0.67Bi<SUB>1.05</SUB>FeO<SUB>3</SUB> - 0.33BaTiO<SUB>3</SUB> system did not caused any significant change in crystal structure. However, an obvious variation in electrical properties was observed. It is revealed from electrical properties that the modification of LiNbO<SUB>3</SUB> induces a phase transition from a ferroelectric to relaxor state in the 0.67Bi<SUB>1.05</SUB>FeO<SUB>3</SUB> - 0.33BaTiO<SUB>3</SUB> system. At optimum composition (x = 0.010), enhanced field-induced strain with large dynamic piezoelectric constant S<SUB>max</SUB>/E<SUB>max</SUB> = d<SUP>*</SUP><SUB>33</SUB> = 500pm / V at a relatively low field of 3.5kV / mm with lower hysteresis loss of 40% was recorded. For this composition, a high Curie temperature T<SUB>C</SUB> ~ 390<SUP>o</SUP>C was found. These properties suggests that the synthesized system is promising for high temperature actuator applications.
S. Ahmad,M. Farooq,Aisha Anjum,M. Javed,M. Y. Malik,A. S. Alshomrani 한국자기학회 2018 Journal of Magnetics Vol.23 No.2
This article focuses the flow through non-Darcy porous medium. The flow is due to the squeezing phenomenon. The magneto viscous fluid is accounted. Formulation of the flow problem is interpreted the salient features of Ohmic heating (Joule heating), viscous dissipation and auto-catalyst and reactants (i.e. homogeneousheterogeneous reactions). A whole analysis is carried out with different diffusion coefficients for both auto-catalyst and reactants. It is also desired to observe the dependence of convective surface condition on flow regime in heat transport process. The resulting non-linear partial differential equations are found to be governing by dimensionless ordinary differential equations with the implementation of similarity solutions. A homotopic procedure based on an iterative scheme is utilized for the solutions of the flow problem. Flow velocity, fluid temperature and concentration are addressed via graphs for different values of geometrical and rheological parameters of considered flow problem. Moreover, skin friction co-efficient and Nusselt number are sketched and discussed graphically. The analysis reveals that higher values of mass diffusion ratio parameter result reduction in concentration of specie B whereas concentration of specie A enhances for higher mass diffusion ratio parameter.
S. Shaw,M. Ijaz Khan,M. K. Nayak,J. K. Madhukesh,R. S. Varun Kumar,Shahid Farooq,M. Y. Malik 한국자기학회 2021 Journal of Magnetics Vol.26 No.4
In the fields of engineering, industry, and biology, thin needles serve a critical role. The thermocouple hot wire anemometer for wind speed monitoring, microscale heat extraction cooling systems, and electronic microstructure outfitting are only a few of the needle"s key applications. In view of these applications the present investigation is carried out to study the Casson hybrid nanofluid flow for the entropy creation and the pre-exponential factor law in Darcy Forchheimer medium on the thin needle. The set of governing equations describing the flow problem will be converted to a system of ordinary differential equations with suitable similarity variables. The numerical solutions are obtained by the aid of mathematical computing software by applying the Runge Kutta Fehlberg 45 method with shooting scheme. The numerical results for various parameters are produced, and an entropy analysis is performed. Axial velocity falls as the porosity and Darcy parameters are increased. The thermal performance improves as the needle size and Brinkman number increase. The concentration profile is improved by thermophoresis, Brinkman number, and activation energy parameter. The entropy generation and surface drag force will increase as the porosity parameters are increased, while the Bejan number will decrease.
Sohail A. Khan,M. Ijaz Khan,Sami Ullah Khan,M. Y. Malik,A. Ghareeb 한국자기학회 2021 Journal of Magnetics Vol.26 No.3
The theme of this article is to investigate hydrodynamic flow of an incompressible second grade nanoliquid by a curved stretched sheet. Energy expression is developed through dissipation and Joule heating. Brownian and thermophoresis diffusion are also scrutinized. Physical feature of entropy generation is discussed. Isothermal cubic autocatalytic chemical reactions are discussed. Suitable transformations are used to develop the ordinary differential system. To develop a convergent series solution we employed the Optimal Homotopy Analysis Technique (OHAM). Graphical description of velocity, entropy generation, temperature distribution and concentration versus sundry parameters are discussed. An opposite behavior in velocity field is noted for magnetic and curvature parameters. Temperature distribution and velocity field have reverse trends for melting parameter. An augmentation in temperature is observed for radiation parameter. Larger magnetic variable lead to improve the entropy generation. Entropy optimization is boosted versus higher magnetic parameter.
Hussain, A.,Maqbool, A.,Malik, R.A.,Lee, J.H.,Sung, Y.S.,Song, T.K.,Kim, M.H. Elsevier 2017 CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL Vol.43 No.suppl1
In this work, the effect of Li, Nb co-doping on the structural phase, dielectric, ferroelectric and field induced strain behavior of 0.95Bi<SUB>0.5</SUB>Na<SUB>0.5</SUB>TiO<SUB>3</SUB>-0.05BaZrO<SUB>3</SUB> (BNT-BZ5) ceramic was investigated. X-ray diffraction patterns revealed the formation of single phase perovskite structure in the studied composition range. However, with increasing Li, Nb co-doping concentration, the maximum dielectric constant decreased and the dielectric maximum temperature (T<SUB>m</SUB>) slightly shifted towards higher temperature. The field induced strain response increased from 0.18% for pure BNT-BZ5 to 0.38% for 1mol.% Li, Nb modified BNT-BZ5 sample. The corresponding dynamic piezoelectric coefficient for these composition were (S<SUB>max</SUB>/E<SUB>max</SUB> = 257pm/V) and (S<SUB>max</SUB>/E<SUB>max</SUB> = 542pm/V), respectively. These results suggest that the BNLTN-BZ ceramic can be considered as a promising candidate material for piezoelectric application.
MERS-CoV Antibody Responses 1 Year after Symptom Onset, South Korea, 2015
Choe, Pyoeng Gyun,Perera, R.A.P.M.,Park, Wan Beom,Song, Kyoung-Ho,Bang, Ji Hwan,Kim, Eu Suk,Kim, Hong Bin,Ko, Long Wei Ronald,Park, Sang Won,Kim, Nam-Joong,Lau, Eric H.Y.,Poon, Leo L.M.,Peiris, Malik U.S. Department of Health and Human Services * Cen 2017 Emerging Infectious Diseases Vol.23 No.7
<P>We investigated the kinetics of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) neutralizing and spike protein antibody titers over the course of 1 year in 11 patients who were confirmed by reverse transcription PCR to have been infected during the outbreak in South Korea in 2015. Robust antibody responses were detected in all survivors who had severe disease; responses remained detectable, albeit with some waning, for <U><</U>1 year. The duration of viral RNA detection (but not viral load) in sputum significantly correlated with the antibody response magnitude. The MERS S1 ELISA antibody titers correlated well with the neutralizing antibody response. Antibody titers in 4 of 6 patients who had mild illness were undetectable even though most had evidence of pneumonia. This finding implies that MERS-CoV seroepidemiologic studies markedly underestimate the extent of mild and asymptomatic infection. Obtaining convalescent-phase plasma with high antibody titers to treat MERS will be challenging.</P>