방효원 선교사와 산동 선교(1886-1953)

방지일(Ji Il Pang) 장로회신학대학교 세계선교연구원 2007 선교와 신학 Vol.19 No.-

Although there were three missionaries, i.e., Sa Byungsoon, Park Taero, Kim Younghoon, who pioneered Chinese mission in its earliest stage, in my view it were Pang Hyowon, my father, and Hong Soonghan, my uncle, who laid foundation for it. It is a commendable thing for the Korean Church to devote itself to mission and decide to send international missionaries in its less than thirty-year experience. It is grace of God. Since then up to the deportation of foreign missionaries by Communist regime in 1957, which brought Shandong mission to a temporary halt, we witness continuous growth of the seeds of the gospel, sawn in Chinese soil. This paper surveys Pang Hyowon’s ministry background in the period of 1886-1917, and then his missionary activities in China with special reference to Shandong, the main area of his works in 1917-1935. I hope continuous discovery and research upon the documents, revealing the works of Korean missionaries in China, to meet the worldwide expectation for the study of Korean mission history.

Pang Hyowon and His missionary Work in Shandong(1886-1953)

Ji Il Pang 장로회신학대학교 세계선교연구원 2007 선교와 신학 Vol.19 No.-

GaAs / AlGaAs Directional Coupler High Speed Optical Modulator with Asymmetric Coplanar strip Traveling Wave Electrode

Jia Pang Pang,Kunio Tada,Yoshiaki Nakano 한국통신학회 1997 OPTOELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE Vol.2 No.1

해수면변화와 해저지형에 의한 난류수의 순환과 그 기원

방익찬 ( Ig Chan Pang ),오임상 ( Im Sang Oh ) 한국수산학회 1995 한국수산과학회지 Vol.28 No.5

우리나라, 일본, 러시아 해역에서 관측된 조위관측자료에서 얻은 해수면의 장주기변화를 기상과의 관계로 분석해 본 결과, 기상의 효과는 해역에 따라 다르지만 전반적으로 해수면변화의 절반 정도를 설명해주는 것으로 나타났다. 해수운동에 의하여 발생하는 해수면변화는 대마해류역에서 가장 크며 대마해류의 영향을 적게 받는 곳일수록 작아져 해수면변화가 대마해류와 관계있음을 보여준다. 순압해수면 변화가 허용된 수치모델을 사용하여 해수면변화가 해수순환에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 그 결과 기본적인 해류형태는 Pang et al.(1993)에 의해 수행된 GCM(Semtner)모델의 결과와 같이 대만 주변해역에서 지균형조정을 거친 후 등수심선을 따라 대한해협으로 흐르지만, 순압해수면 변화의 허용에 의해 일부 해수가 황해의 중앙을 따라 황해로 유입된 후 서해안을 따라 남하하여 유출되는 황해의 기본순환형태가 나타났다. 이와함께 쿠로시오해류에 변화를 가할 때 순압해수면 변화에 의해 대륙붕에 장주기파동이 뚜렷해지며 이 파동으로 황해의 기본순환형태가 교란되어 해수가 서해안을 따라 북상하는 순환형태도 나타났다. 황해순환은 겨울철에는 기본순환형태가 북서계절풍에 의해 강화되고 여름철에는 파동에 의해 교란된 순환구조에 남동계절풍이 합세하는 것으로 보인다. 장주기파동에 의해 나타나는 다른 특징은 대마해류 기원해역의 변화 가능성이다. 지금까지 대마해류의 기원해역은 크게 큐슈섬 남서해역과 대만 주변해역으로 대립되어 왔다. 그러나 이 연구결과는 이들은 서로 위배되는 것이라기 보다는 대마해류 기원의 중요한 두 해역이며 장주기파동에 의해 한쪽이 강화되어 나타나는 것을 보인다. 쿠로시오해류의 변화에 의해 대만 주변해역에 가해진 파동은 강제파로 대한해협으로 전파되며 대한해협에 이르러 일본연안의 파동은 동해로 계속 전파되는 반면, 우리나라 연안의 파동은 해저지형에 의해 반사하게 된다. 반사된 파동은 자유파로 동중국해 대륙붕을 따라 남서방향으로 진행하며 북동방향으로 진행하는 강제파와 더불어 동중국해의 해수면변화를 결정하게 된다. The analysis of long-period sea level variations with tidal record data around Korea, Japan, and Russia shows that about half of the variations are due to atmospheric influences. The sea level variation by water movements is the largest in the coasts along the Tsushima Current, and becomes smaller in the distant areas. It suggests that the sea level varications are related with the Tsushima Current. The effect of sea level variations to ocean circulation has been studied with a numerical model allowing barotropic sea level fluctuations. Like the result with GCM (Semtner) model by Pang et al. (1993), the present model also shows that waters basically flow along isobaths over the East China Sea after geostrophic adjustment around Taiwan. However, barotropic sea level fluctuation makes the basic circulation in the Yellow Sea, which waters flow into the central Yellow Sea and out along the west coast of the Korean Peninsula. Besides this, barotropic sea level fluctuation makes long period waves over the shelf area as the Kuroshio varies. By the waves, the basic circulation in the Yellow Sea is disturbed, so that the flow pattern of oppositely flowing into the Yellow Sea along the west coast of the Korean Peninsula appears. In the Yellow Sea circulation, it seems that northwest winds strengthen the basic circulat ion in winter, and southeast winds strengthen the disturbed circulation in summer. Another point appeared by the long period wave is that the Tsushima Current possibly originates in different areas. There have been two opposing argues on the area in which the Tsushima Current originates: the southwest sea of Kyushu Island and the adjacent sea of Taiwan. Through this study, we found that both of them seem to be important areas for the origin of the Tsushima Current, and one of them is possibly strengthened by long period waves. The long period waves given by the variation of the Kuroshio Current in the adjacent sea of Taiwan propagate to the Korea Strait as forced waves. The wave continuously propagates to the East Sea through the eastern channel, but reflects in the western channel due to bottom topography. The reflected waves propagate southwestward along the East China Sea as free waves and determine the sea level variations with forced waves.

Large-Scale Image Retrieval with Bag-of-Words and k-NN Re-Ranking

Pang Haibo,Liu Chengming,Zhao Zhe,Li Zhanbo 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Vol.10 No.6

Image retrieval methods have been significantly developed in the last decade. The BOW (Bag-of-words) model lacks spatial information. Some methods stem from BOW approach which is recently extended to a vector aggregation model. Most of them are either too strict or too loose so that they are only effective in limited cases. In this study, we present a novel feature extraction method for image retrieval. We acquire the gradients features from the p.d.f (Probability density function) because of essentially representing the image. We construct the features by the histogram of the oriented p.d.f gradients via aggregation of the orientation codes. Then, we adopt the PCA (Principal component analysis) method to reduce the dimensionality of BOW. Furthermore, we introduce a novel and robust re-ranking method with the k-nearest neighbors. We estimate our method using various datasets. In the experiments on scene retrieval, the proposed method is efficient, and exhibits superior performances compared to the other existing methods.

Computer-aided diagnosis system based on multi-scale feature fusion for screening large-scale gastrointestinal diseases

Pang Xuejiao,Zhao Zijian,Wu Yanbing,Chen Yong,Liu Jin 한국CDE학회 2023 Journal of computational design and engineering Vol.10 No.1

For endoscopists, large-scale screening of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases is arduous and time-consuming. While their workload and human factor-induced errors can be reduced by computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems, the existing ones mainly focus on a limited number of lesions or specific organs, making them unsuitable for diagnosing various GI diseases in large-scale disease screening. This paper proposes a transformer and convolutional neural network-based CAD system (called TransMSF) to assist endoscopists in diagnosing multiple GI diseases. This system constructs two feature extraction paths with different coding methods to obtain the lesions’ global and local information. In addition, downsampling is implemented in transformer to get global information of different scales, further enriching the feature representation and reducing the amount of computation and memory occupation. Moreover, a channel and spatial attention module with fewer parameters was successfully designed to pay more attention to the target and reduce the loss of important information during spatial dimension transformation. Finally, the extracted feature information is fused through the feature fusion module and then input into the linear classifier for disease diagnosis. The proposed system outperformed that of other state-of-the-art models on two datasets, reaching a 98.41% precision, a 98.15% recall, a 98.13% accuracy, and a 98.28% F1 score on the in-house GI dataset versus a 95.88% precision, a 95.88% recall, a 98.97% accuracy, and a 95.88% F1 score on the public Kvasir dataset. Moreover, TransMSF’s performance was superior to that of seasoned endoscopists. The above results prove that the proposed system is instrumental in diagnosing GI diseases in large-scale disease screening. It can also be used as a training tool for junior endoscopists to improve their professional skills by rendering helpful suggestions.

The Research on Cooperative Ability of Technology and Finance in Western China based on ANP-FCE Model

Pang Min,Wu Jing,Li Yutong 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of u- and e- Service, Scienc Vol.8 No.7

With the steady economic development in the western region of China, technology and finance has gradually become the inevitable choice of adjusting economic structure and maintaining sustainable development. From the premise of developmental characteristics of technology and finance in western area, this article constructed the index evaluation system of cooperative ability of technology and finance and conducted in-depth research on collaborative ability of technology and finance in the west region of China using ANP-FCE model, and put forward relevant suggestions for improvement to accelerate the economic development as well as enhance collaboration ability of technology and finance in western area.

Continental Shelf Waves over a Double Shelf

Pang Ig-Chan 제주대학교 1991 논문집 Vol.33 No.-

양향성 대륙붕에서도 대륙붕파는 북반구에서 해안선을 오른쪽에 두고 진행한다. 양향성 대륙붕에서는 서로 반대 방향으로 진행하는 두 집합의 대륙붕파가 생성된다. 군속도(group velocity)는 장파인 경우에는 파의 진행방향과 같으나 단파인 경우에는 반대가 된다. 그러므로 각 대륙붕파는 어떤 중간의 파장에서 0인 군속도를 갖게 된다. Over a double shelf, continental shelf waves also propagate with the shallow water to the right in the Northern Hemisphere. A double shelf topography allows the existence of two sets of waves propagating in opposite directions. Their group velocities have the same direction as phase velocity in the long wave case but the opposite direction in the short wave case. The each shelf mode has a zero group velocity at some intermediate value of wave length.

Model predictive control of nine-switch converter with output filter for independent control of two loads

Pang, Yi,Zhang, Jingmei,Xu, Dongxing,Yin, Chang,Wu, Zifeng,Sun, Hexu,Pan, Lei The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2021 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.21 No.1

This paper proposes a model predictive control (MPC) algorithm designed for nine-switch converter with output filter (NSCOF) to control two three-phase AC loads independently. A state function of each leg of nine-switch converter (NSC) is established to characterize the internal conditions of the NSC because the traditional model of the NSCOF does not involve the interior model of the NSC. Based on the NSCOF model with the state function of each leg, a prediction model of NSCOF is constructed. The two AC terminals of NSCOF are treated as one module when the MPC is designed. The proposed MPC achieves controlling two three-phase AC loads working under different frequency modes. Furthermore, this algorithm is independent of the modulation method for reducing the difficulty of the controller design and its limits. The simulation and experimental results reveal that the steady-state and dynamic response performance of NSCOF are substantially improved using MPC.

Key-dependent side-channel cube attack on CRAFT

Pang, Kok-An,Abdul-Latip, Shekh Faisal Electronics and Telecommunications Research Instit 2021 ETRI Journal Vol.43 No.2

CRAFT is a tweakable block cipher introduced in 2019 that aims to provide strong protection against differential fault analysis. In this paper, we show that CRAFT is vulnerable to side-channel cube attacks. We apply side-channel cube attacks to CRAFT with the Hamming weight leakage assumption. We found that the first half of the secret key can be recovered from the Hamming weight leakage after the first round. Next, using the recovered key bits, we continue our attack to recover the second half of the secret key. We show that the set of equations that are solvable varies depending on the value of the key bits. Our result shows that 99.90% of the key space can be fully recovered within a practical time.