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Yanxia Li,Liya Yu,Jun Na,Shuang Li,Li Liu,Huijuan Mu,Xuanjuan Bi,Xiaoxia An,Xun Li,Wen Dong,Guowei Pan 대한암학회 2017 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.49 No.4
Purpose The cancer survival was characterized by following up sampled subgroups of cancer cases from three population-based cancer registries in Northeast China. Materials and Methods Survival analysis was used to analyze 6,871 patients, who had one of the 21 most common cancers based on sampling from the population-based cancer registries of three cities in Liaoning Province. All patients were diagnosed between 2000 and 2002 and were followed up to the end of 2007 by active and passive methods. The 5-year age standardized relative survival rates (ASRS) were estimated for all cancers combined and each of the 21 individual cancers. Results The survival status was traced for 80.8% of 8,506 sampled cancer cases. The 5-year ASRS for all 21 cancers combined was 41.5% (95% confidence interval, 40.3 to 42.7), the highest ASRS was observed for thyroid cancer (85.2%), breast cancer (78.9%), uterine corpus cancer (75.9%), and urinary bladder cancer (70.2%); the lowest 5-year ASRS was noted in pancreatic cancer (8.8%), liver cancer (11.0%), esophageal cancer (18.8), and lung cancer (19.6%). The cancer survival rates in Liaoning cities were similar to those of urban areas in mainland China, but significantly lower than those in Hong Kong, Korea, and Japan. Conclusion The strikingly poor cancer survival rates in three cities of Liaoning Province and in other places in China highlight the need for urgent investment in cancer prevention, early detection, and standardized and centralized treatment.
Composition and size distribution of metals in diesel exhaust particulates
Lim, Jaehyun,Lim, Cheolsoo,Yu, Liya E. Royal Society of Chemistry 2009 Journal of environmental monitoring Vol.11 No.9
<P>This study characterizes the size distribution and composition of metals in diesel exhaust particulates (DEPs) emitting from four driving conditions. We quantified 17 metals in DEPs (34–1000 nm) with a total concentration ranging from 5.4–7.0 µg/m<SUP>3</SUP>. Depending on driving conditions, ultrafine (<100 nm) and accumulation-mode DEPs carried up to 41% and 75% of the quantified metals, respectively. The size distribution of individual metals consistently indicates that under a medium (60%) engine load, more than three fourths of quantified metals partitioned in accumulation-mode DEPs, indicating prominent heterogeneous condensation. Enhancing the engine load up to 100% significantly increased metals in ultrafine DEPs around 1.8 times, particularly in DEP < 66 nm, suggesting enhanced metal nucleation. Under the maximum engine load, metals and elemental carbon showed an opposite trend in size distribution, providing tailpipe evidence that metals may catalyze oxidation of DEPs during combustion. Among the identified metals, Fe (2.3–3.9 µg/m<SUP>3</SUP>) was most abundant contributing to more than 43% of quantified metals, followed by Li, V, and Pb. Although As and Cd together contributed to less than 2% of the total quantified metals in DEP (<1 µm), their concentrations peaked in ultrafine DEPs under the maximum engine load, indicating that a decrease in engine loads can reduce amounts and toxicity of ultrafine DEPs.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>The composition and size distribution of metals in diesel exhaust particulates were characterized by operating a medium-duty engine under driving conditions that most frequently occurred on roads. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=b822514a'> </P>
( Benchang Wei ),( Tao Guan ),( Yawei Luo ),( Liya Duan ),( Junqing Yu ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2016 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.10 No.7
Recently, Vector of Locally Aggregated Descriptors (VLAD) has been proposed to index image by compact representations, which encodes powerful local descriptors and makes significant improvement on search performance with less memory compared against the state of art. However, its performance relies heavily on the size of the codebook which is used to generate VLAD representation. It indicates better accuracy needs higher dimensional representation. Thus, more memory overhead is needed. In this paper, we enhance VLAD image representation by using two level hierarchical-codebooks. It can provide more accurate search performance while keeping the VLAD size unchanged. In addition, hierarchical-codebooks are used to construct multiple inverted files for more accurate non-exhaustive search. Experimental results show that our method can make significant improvement on both VLAD image representation and non-exhaustive search.