중국 고대문화텍스트 문화소의 중한 기계번역 오역 고찰 - 파파고 기계번역을 기반으로

( Liuyan ),( Lianzhe ) 천진사범대학교 한국문화연구중심 2021 중한언어문화연구 Vol.21 No.-

With the development of neural network machine translation technology, the level or machine translation as an important auxiliary means of manual translation is also constantly improving. However, in the translation of cultural texts, because the cultural elements contained therein have the particular characteristics and poor cultural adaptability, not only linguistic factors must be considered when translating, but also cultural background knowledge except the language. It is quite difficult to correctly translate cultural texts. This article selects examples of mistranslation of Chinese-Korean machine translation of ancient Chinese cultural texts, sorts out and analyzes mistranslations of different types of cultural elements and the reasons for such errors, hoping to help improve the quality of Chinese-Korean machine translation. The introduction mainly introduces the prior research on machine translation mistranslation and the research scope and research methods of this article. Chapter 2 introduces the definition and classification of cultural elements. Chapter three to chapter six analyzes the Mistranslation and reasons of inherent nouns, specific cultural elements, idioms and weights and measures in Chinese and Korean machine translation, Through analysis, it can be seen that translation is an activity that spans multiple disciplines. Cultural elements include background knowledge such as unique national culture, historical events, and idioms. Therefore, there are problems in the process of machine translation caused by the inability to correctly judge the logical relationship of the text. There is still a big developing space for improvement on issues such as mistranslation and omission. In particular, attention should be paid to cross-disciplinary and cross-cultural integration and communication, and should not be limited to computer technology and linguistics.

Analysis on “Quasi-Contract” in Common Law System

Liu Yan 한국콘텐츠학회 2008 ICCC International Digital Design Invitation Exhib Vol.2008 No.12

Compounds from the subterranean part of Johnsongrass and their allelopathic potential

Liu, Yan,Zhang, Chaoxian,Wei, Shouhui,Cui, Hailan,Huang, Hongjuan The Korean Society of Weed Science and The Turfgra 2011 Weed Biology and Management Vol.11 No.3

The allelopathic effects of the exotic invasive weed, Johnsongrass, on Lactuca sativa, a native plant in China, were evaluated and the phytotoxins were investigated under laboratory conditions. The crude extracts (chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions) that were obtained from the ethanol extract of the subterranean parts of Johnsongrass inhibited the germination speed and growth of the roots and shoots of the test plant. The four compounds, ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate, diosmetin, apigenin, and luteolin, were isolated from the extract of the subterranean parts of Johnsongrass first, along with three other compounds (reported previously), p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, and dhurrin, and they all were evaluated on L. sativa. At the concentration of <0.5 mmol $L^{-1}$, ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate, dhurrin, and the mixture of the compounds delayed the germination speed of the seeds of L. sativa at 24 h of incubation, while apigenin delayed the germination speed of the seeds of L. sativa at 72 h of incubation. Ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate demonstrated the strongest delaying effect among the phenols and a similar effect was found with apigenin among the flavonoids, wheras ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate induced a drastic inhibition of the germination at 2 mmol $L^{-1}$. In contrast, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde and luteolin had no effect on the germination at any concentration at any stage. All the substances inhibited the shoot and root growth of L. sativa at 3 mmol $L^{-1}$. Increasing the concentration increased the inhibition of the growth of L. sativa.The inhibitory activity of ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde was greater than that of the other compounds. This result suggested that the isolated phytotoxins might contribute to the successful invasion by Johnsongrass.

To Construct Irish Identity through “the Oriental Other”: The Imagination and Meditation in James Joyce’s Novels

( Liu Yan ) 한국제임스조이스학회 2021 제임스조이스저널 Vol.27 No.2

Many works of Irish novelist James Joyce (1882-1941) abound in vivid imagination and meditation of the oriental other from Arab, Israel, India, China and Japan. The paper analyzes the oriental images in Joyce’s Dubliner, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, Ulysses and Finnegans Wake. We can find that these protagonists in Joyce’s novels admire or sympathize with eastern cultures as a whole,thus comes to mind some distinctive heroes who are tolerant for other civilizations, trying to surpass Eurocentrism, racial discrimination, any violence and advocate everlasting peace for humanity. Joyce tries to criticize the injustice or limitation of the reality, highlight the dilemma between ideal and reality to construct Irish Identity through “the oriental other”. This paper also discusses the new heroism and tolerant cosmopolitanism in James Joyce’s oriental writing.

Engineering Homochiral Metal-Organic Frameworks for Heterogeneous Asymmetric Catalysis and Enantioselective Separation

Liu, Yan,Xuan, Weimin,Cui, Yong WILEY-VCH Verlag 2010 ADVANCED MATERIALS Vol.22 No.37

<P>Owing to the potential applications in technological areas such as gas storage, catalysis, separation, sensing and nonlinear optics, tremendous efforts have been devoted to the development of porous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) over the past ten years. Homochiral porous MOFs are particularly attractive candidates as heterogeneous asymmetric catalysts and enantioselective adsorbents and separators for production of optically active organic compounds due to the lack of homochiral inorganic porous materials such as zeolites. In this review, we summarize the recent research progress in homochiral MOF materials, including their synthetic strategy, distinctive structural features and latest advances in asymmetric heterogeneous catalysis and enantioselective separation.</P> <B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>Homochiral porous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are particularly attractive candidates as heterogeneous asymmetric catalysts and enantioselective adsorbents and separators for production of optically active organic compounds. This review summarizes the recent research progress in homochiral MOF materials, including their synthetic strategy, distinctive structural features and applications in enantioselective catalysis and separation. <img src='wiley_img_2010/09359648-2010-22-37-ADMA201000197-content.gif' alt='wiley_img_2010/09359648-2010-22-37-ADMA201000197-content'> </P>

Clinical Efficacy and Prognostic Factors of Chemoreduction Combined with Topical Treatment for Advanced Intraocular Retinoblastoma

Liu, Yan,Zhang, Xi,Liu, Fang,Wang, Ke-Lei Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.18

Objective: To explore the clinical efficacy and prognostic factors of chemoreduction combined with topical treatment of advanced intraocular retinoblastoma (RB). Materials and Methods: A total of 22 eyes from 17 children with RB were selected for the study and treated with chemoreduction combined with topical cryotherapy, transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT) or episcleral plaque brachytherapy. Clinical and follow-up data were retrospectively analyzed. Results: All children received 2~6 courses of chemoreduction treatment, ($4.5{\pm}0.8$ courses on average); 17 eyes from 13 children were treated by chemoreduction combined with cryotherapy or TTT and 5 eyes from 4 children with chemoreduction combined with $^{125}I$ episcleral plaque brachytherapy. The eye retention rate was 81.8% (18/22), among which 38.9% (7/18) featured restored or maintained good vision. Postoperative follow-up period was 7 to 34 months, ($18.6{\pm}5.2$ months on average). The recurrence rate was 41.2% (7/17), among which 57.1% (4/7) were controlled by supplementing or appending cryotherapy or TTT treatment during the follow-up period. The tumor basal diameter and thickness were significantly reduced (P<0.05 or P<0.01) after treatment. All children demonstrated different degrees of hair loss, 70.6% (12/17) with different degrees of gastrointestinal reactions, 5.88% (1/17) with neutropenia and 11.8% (2/17) being seriously infected during the chemotherapeutic treatment. Univariate and logistic regression analysis showed that tumor basal diameter before treatment had a significant effect on the prognosis (P<0.01). Conclusions: Chemoreduction combined with topical therapy can effectively control RB in the short term, and tumor basal diameter before treatment is an independent risk factor for prognosis.

话语标记语“怎么说呢”

??(Liu Yan) 한국중어중문학회 2007 中語中文學 Vol.41 No.-

The discourse marker zenme shuo ne frequently appears in spoken language or dialogues. It mainly conducts the following five pragmatic functions: (1) explanation conductor; (2) topic initiation marker; (3) cushioning marker for delayed acts; (4) mitigator of face-threatening acts; (5) repair marker. it undergoes a grammaticalization process, the underlying reason is inter-subjectivity. The study about discourse markers is important for language teaching as it is helpful for improving the language communication capability of a second language learner.

S-Adenosylmethionine enhances the inhibitory effect of gemcitabine against pancreatic cancer cells via suppression of the EGFR/AKT pathways

Liu Yan,Liu Linxun,Zhang Yang,Qin Lei 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2022 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.18 No.4

Background Natural chemical SAM (S-adenosylmethionine) is present in all living cells and plays an important role in biological transmethylation. Recent studies have shown that SAM possesses many pharmacological activities including anti-cancer effects. However, the complex formation of SAM with gemcitabine on pancreatic carcinoma cells, as well as the specific mechanism, remains unknown. Objectives Pancreatic cancer cells (PANC-1 and BxPC-3) were treated with SAM and/or gemcitabine and subjected to MTT, combination index, cell apoptosis, cell migration, western blot, and xenograft tumorigenicity assays in this research. Results The findings revealed that SAM might synergistically improve gemcitabine’s capacity to prevent the development and proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells. By decreasing the EGFR/AKT pathways, SAM in combination with gemcitabine might promote cell death and impede cell migration. Furthermore, pretreatment with IGF-1 (a particular AKT activator) drastically reduced SAM’s pro-apoptotic activity in pancreatic cancer cells, demonstrating the importance of AKT in this mechanism. Furthermore, following treatment with SAM with gemcitabine, tumor volume and weight were considerably decreased in the PANC-1 xenograft mouse model, and immunohistochemical analysis confi rmed the down-regulation of p-EGFR and p-AKT in tumor tissues. Conclusion By suppressing the EGFR/AKT pathways, SAM could synergistically boost the inhibitory impact of gemcitabine on pancreatic cancer cells and might be a promising therapeutic drug for the management of pancreatic cancer.

Vitamin B2 Intake and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer: a Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

Liu, Yan,Yu, Qiu-Yan,Zhu, Zhen-Li,Tang, Ping-Yi,Li, Ke Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.3

Background: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies evaluated the association of intake of vitamin B2 with the incidence of colorectal cancer. Materials and Methods: Relevant studies were identified in MEDLINE via PubMed (published up to April 2014). We extracted data from articles on vitamin B2 and used multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (OR) and a random-effects model for analysis. Results: We found 8 articles meeting the inclusion criteria (4 of cohort studies and 4 of case-control studies) and a total of 7,750 colorectal cancer cases were included in this meta-analysis. The multivariable-adjusted OR for pooled studies for the association of the highest versus lowest vitamin B2 intake and the risk of colorectal cancer was 0.83 (95% confidence interval [95%CI]:0.75,0.91). We performed a sensitivity analysis for vitamin B2. If we omitted the study by Vecchia et al., the pooled OR was 0.86 (95%CI, 0.77,0.96). Conclusions: This is the first meta-analysis to study links between vitamin B2 and colorectal cancer. We found vitamin B2 intake was inversely associated with risk of colorectal cancer. However, further research and large sample studies need to be conducted to better validate the result.

SPATIAL BEHAVIOR OF SOLUTION FOR THE STOKES FLOW EQUATION

Liu, Yan,Liao, Wenhui,Lin, Changhao Korean Mathematical Society 2011 대한수학회보 Vol.48 No.2

In this paper, the equation of the transient Stokes flow of an incompressible viscous fluid is studied. Growth and decay estimates are established associating some appropriate cross sectional line and area integral measures. The method of the proof is based on a first-order differential inequality leading to an alternative of Phragm$\'{e}$n-Lindell$\"{o} $f type in terms of an area measure of the amplitude in question. In the case of decay, we also indicate how to bound the total energy.