Bifidobacterium infantis Induces Protective Colonic PD-L1 and Foxp3 Regulatory T Cells in an Acute Murine Experimental Model of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Linyan Zhou,Dongyan Liu,Ying Xie,Xinjie Yao,Yan Li 거트앤리버 소화기연관학회협의회 2019 Gut and Liver Vol.13 No.4

Background/Aims: The current study aims to investigate the protective effects of Bifidobacterium infantis on the abnormal immune response to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. Methods: Eight-week-old BALB/c mice were separated into five groups at random (control, DSS, DSS+B9 [B. infantis 1×109 CFU], DSS+B8 [B. infantis 1×108 CFU], and DSS+B7 [B. infantis 1×107 CFU]). Colitis was induced by 5% DSS ad libitum for 7 days, at which time we assessed weight, the disease activity index (DAI) score, and the histological damage score. The nuclear transcription factor Foxp3 (a marker of Treg cells), cytokines interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), and related proteins (programmed cell death ligand 1 [PD-L1] and programmed cell death 1 [PD-1]) were detected by an immunohistochemical method and Western blot. Results: B. infantis increased weight, decreased DAI scores and histological damage scores, increased the protein expression of Foxp3 (p<0.05) and cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β1 in mouse colon tissue (p<0.05), and increased the expression of PD-L1 in the treatment groups relative to that in the DSS group (p<0.05). The effect of B. infantis on Foxp3 and PD-L1 was dose dependent in the treatment groups (p<0.05). PD-L1 was positively correlated with Foxp3, IL- 10, and TGF-β1. Conclusions: In a mouse model of IBD, B. infantis can alleviate intestinal epithelial injury and maintain intestinal immune tolerance and thus may have potential therapeutic value for the treatment of immune damage in IBD.

중국과 한국 부모의 양육방식이 자녀의 주관적 안녕감에 미치는 영향: 스트레스와 학생-교사 관계의 조절된 매개효과

Wu Linyan(吳琳焰),오인수(吳仁秀),Li Mingji(李明姬) 서울대학교 교육연구소 2019 아시아교육연구 Vol.20 No.2

본 연구는 중국 초등학생 399명과 한국 초등학생 400명을 대상으로 실시한 설문조사를 바탕으로 중국과 한국 초등학생이 지각한 부모의 양육방식, 스트레스, 학생-교사의 관계 및 주관적 안녕감의 관계를 분석하였다. 먼저 중국과 한국 간 초등학생이 지각한 부모의 양육방식, 스트레스, 학생-교사의 관계 및 주관적 안녕감에 차이가 있는지 확인하였다. 또한 부모의 양육방식이 주관적 안녕감에 미치는 영향에서 스트레스와 학생-교사 관계의 조절된 매개효과를 검증하여 다음과 같은 결과를 확인하였다. 첫째, 민주적 양육방식, 권위주의적 양육방식, 스트레스, 주관적 안녕감, 학생-교사 관계는 중국이 한국보다 높았고 허용적 양육방식은 한국이 중국보다 높았다. 둘째, 중국 초등학생이 지각한 부모의 양육방식과 주관적 안녕감의 관계에서 스트레스가 부분매개 하는 것으로 나타났고 한국 초등학생이 지각한 부모의 양육방식과 주관적 안녕감의 관계에서 스트레스가 완전매개 하는 것으로 나타났다. 중국과 한국 초등학생의 스트레스와 주관적 안녕감의 관계에서 학생-교사 관계가 유의한 조절작용을 하는 것으로 나왔다. 중국과 한국 초등학생이 지각한 부모의 양육방식이 스트레스를 통해 주관적 안녕감에 영향을 미치는 관계에서, 학생-교사 관계의 조절된 매개효과는 유의한 것으로 확인되었다. 따라서 학생-교사 관계는 증가된 스트레스로 인해 초등학생의 주관적 안녕감이 감소되는 상황에서 보호요인으로 작용하는 것이 입증되었다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 교사-학생의 관계적 측면에서 초등학생의 주관적 안녕감을 높이기 위한 교육적 상담 방법을 제시하고 논의하였다. This study aimed to examine the moderated mediating effects of student-teacher relationship through stress on the relationship between parents’ parenting style and subjective well-being among Korean and Chinese elementary school students. The subjects were 399 Korean and 400 Chinese elementary school students. The main findings were as follows. First, Chinese students perceived higher level of democratic and authoritarian parenting style, stress, subjective well-being, and student-teacher relationship. On the other hand, the Korean students perceived higher level of permissive parenting style. Second, partial mediation effect of stress was found for Chinese students between parents" parenting style and subjective well-being, while perfect mediation effect of stress was found for the Korean students. In addition, the mediating effect was moderated by student-teacher relationship in both countries. Based on these results, effective intervention was discussed in order to increase students’ subjective well-being in terms of their stress and student-teacher relationship.

A Chlamydomonas reinhardtii nuclear-encoded MinE homologue recognizes the Escherichia coli division site, and the evolutionary implications of MinE gene transfer from chloroplast to nucleus

Lei Wang,Zhili Wu,Linyan Li,Weizhong Liu,Yong Hu 한국식물학회 2017 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.60 No.2

Escherichia coli MinE is required for placement of a division septum. A nucleus-encoded and plastidtargeted MinE homologue, CrMinE, was identified from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Similar to the Arabidopsis nucleus-encoded AtMinE, the CrMinE protein possesses extra N-terminal and C-terminal extensions relative to the eubacterial and other algal plastid-encoded MinE proteins. The CrMinE protein functions in plastids, as revealed by a transient expression assay using a full-length CrMinE protein fused to enhanced green fluorescent protein. In addition, the overexpressed CrMinE:EGFP in wild-type E. coli with clear coiled structures could still recognize the cell division site of the host cell, which suggests evolutionary conservation of the MinE mode of action. No MinE homologue was found in a search of all researched plastid genome sequences of land plants; moreover, the researched MinEs of land plants are encoded by nuclear genomes. Thus, the identification of the CrMinE located in the nuclear genome implies that the transfer events of MinE from plastid to nucleus might have occurred before the evolution of land plants and during the evolution of green algae.

Downregulation of lysyl oxidase and lysyl oxidase-like protein 2 suppressed the migration and invasion of trophoblasts by activating the TGF-β/collagen athway in preeclampsia

Xiang-Hong Xu,Yuanhui Jia,Xinyao Zhou,Dandan Xie,Xiaojie Huang,Linyan Jia,Qian Zhou,Qingliang Zheng,Xiangyu Zhou,Kai Wang,Li-Ping Jin 생화학분자생물학회 2019 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.51 No.-

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific disorder that is a major cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality with a prevalence of 6–8% of pregnancies. Although impaired trophoblast invasion in early pregnancy is known to be closely associated with preeclampsia, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here we revealed that lysyl oxidase (LOX) and LOX-like protein 2 (LOXL2) play a critical role in preeclampsia. Our results demonstrated that LOX and LOXL2 expression decreased in preeclamptic placentas. Moreover, knockdown of LOX or LOXL2 suppressed trophoblast cell migration and invasion. Mechanistically, collagen production was induced in LOX- or LOXL2-downregulated trophoblast cells through activation of the TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway. Notably, inhibition of the TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway could rescue the defects caused by LOX or LOXL2 knockdown, thereby underlining the significance of the TGF-β1/ Smad3 pathway downstream of LOX and LOXL2 in trophoblast cells. Additionally, induced collagen production and activated TGF-β1/Smad3 were observed in clinical samples from preeclamptic placentas. Collectively, our study suggests that the downregulation of LOX and LOXL2 leading to reduced trophoblast cell migration and invasion through activation of the TGF-β1/Smad3/collagen pathway is relevant to preeclampsia. Thus, we proposed that LOX, LOXL2, and the TGF-β1/Smad3/collagen pathway can serve as potential markers and targets for clinical diagnosis and therapy for preeclampsia.

HPLC Determination and Steady-State Bioavailability Study of Levodropropizine Sustained-release Tablets in Dogs

Lin Yan,Tongling Li,Rongqin Zhang,Xiaohong Xu,Pengcheng Zheng 대한약학회 2006 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.29 No.6

A simple HPLC method using UV detection was developed and validated for the determination of levodropropizine (LDP) in dog plasma. The sample was prepared for injection using a liquid-liquid extraction method with 1-phenypiperazine as the internal standard. The mobile phase was methanol - diethylamine solution (0.05 M) (20:80, v/v, pH adjusted to 3.0 with H3PO4) with a detection wavelength of 240 nm. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) of LDP in a biological matrix was determined to be 25.25 ng/mL. The calibration curve was linear across the concentration range of 25.25 to 2020 ng/mL. The intra-day and inter-day precision values (CV %) were within 7% and accuracy (R.E. %) was within 6% of the nominal values for medium (252.5 ng/mL) and high (2020 ng/mL) LDP concentrations. For the LDP concentration at the LOQ, the intra-day and inter-day precision and accuracy were within 20% and 10%, respectively. The average absolute recovery for LDP was 70.28%. This method was successfully used to analyze plasma samples in a steady-state bioavailability study of a newly developed sustained-release LDP tablets (SR) using immediate-release tablets (IR) as the reference. The relative bioavailability of the SR was determined to be 106.3 ± 12.8% (n=6). The Cmax of the SR was significantly lower (P<0.05), and the tmax was significantly longer than that of the IR (P<0.05). The results of ANOVA and two one-sided tests indicated that the SR exhibited acceptable sustained release properties and was bioequivalent to the IR.