8.3% Carbamide Peroxide 함유 펜 형 자가미백제인 BIancTis Forte의 색조개선 및 안전성에 관한 임상연구

이진경,민선홍,홍성태,오소람,정신혜,황영혜,유성엽,배광식,백승호,이우철,손원준,금기연 대한치과보존학회 2009 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.34 No.2

This clinical study evaluated the whitening effect and safety of polymer based-pen type BlancTis Forte(NIBEC) containing 8.3% carbamide peroxide. Twenty volunteers used the BlancTis Forte whitening agent for 2 hours twice a day for 4 weeks As a control. Whitening Effect Pen (LG) containing 3% hydrogen peroxide was used by 20 volunteers using the same protocol. The change in shade (ΔE^(*) color difference) was measured using Shadepilot™ (DeguDent) before, during and after bleaching (2 weeks, 4 weeks and postbleaching 4 weeks). A clinical examination for any side effects (tooth hypersensitivity or soft tissue complications) was also performed at each check-up. The following results were obtained. 1 Both the experimental and control groups displayed a noticeable change in shade (ΔE) of over 2 No significant differences were found between the two group (p>0.05) implying that the two agents have a similar whitening effect. 2 The whitening effect was mainly due to changes in a and b values rather than in L value (brightness). The experimental group showed a significantly higher change in b value thus yellow shade than the control(p < 0.05) 3 None of the participants complained of tooth hypersensitivity or soft tissue complications confirming the safety of both whitening agents 8.3%의 carbamide peroxide를 함유한 펜형 코팅용 미백제인 BlancTis Forte (NIBEC, Seosul & JinCheon)를 실험군으로, 3% hydrogen peroxide를 함유한글 Whitening Effect Pen (LG. Seoul) 제재를 대조군으로 각각 피험자 20명에게 2시간씩 1일 2회 제조사의 지시대로 치아표면에 4주간 적용하도록 지시하고 색조개선 효능과 안전성을 평가하였다. 미백 효과는 미백 전 및 미백 2주, 4주 및 미백 종료 4주 후에 Shadopilot™을 이용하여 색 변화를 측정하였고, 매 내원시기마다 모든 환자는 치수생활력 검사와 치주 및 치태 검사를 통해 부작용 여부 (치아과민증 및 구감 내 연조직의 부작용)를 기록한 후 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1.실험군 및 대조군의 색 변화량 (ΔE)은 2이상으로 인지할 수 있는 색 변화를 보였으며, 두 제품 간에는 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않아 (p > 0.05) 유사한 미백효능을 나타냄을 알 수 있었다. 2,미백효과는 명도의 개선보다는 주로 a. b값의 변화에 의한 것으로 특히 실험군에서 b값의 변화, 즉 황색조의 개선효과가 대조군에 비해 유의성 있게 높은 것으로 나타났다 (p <0.05). 3.치아나 치은의 과민증이나 이상증상을 호소하는 피험자는 없어 두 제품 모두 안전성을 확인할 수 있었다.

심장박동 측정 센서회로 IC 설계에 관한 연구

이우람,이완직,원창수,손상희 청주대학교 산업과학연구소 2008 産業科學硏究 Vol.26 No.1

Interface IC design for heart beat measurement sensor is proposed and executed by using current control schmitt trigger. The function of interface IC is to measure the heart beat using PPG from sensor. This circuit is composed of analog circuit that converts current signal of sensor to voltage and digital circuit that converts it to digital value. Applying OTA to schmitt trigger and oscillator, operation speed is faster and linear error is smaller than the conventional one. Besides, follow features such as low power consumption, simple configuration and high resolution, are realized by IC design.

내용기반 이미지 검색을 위한 문자-에지 맵의 특징을 이용한 자연이미지에서의 텍스트 영역 추출

박종천,황동국,이우람,권교현,전병민 충북대학교 컴퓨터정보통신 연구소 2006 컴퓨터정보통신연구 Vol.14 No.2

자연이미지에 포함된 텍스트는 많은 중요한 정보를 포함하고 있다. 그러므로 자연이미지에서 텍스트를 추출할 수 있다면 다양한 분야에서 활용될 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 문자-에지 맵 패턴 히스토그램을 분석함으로서 텍스트 영역을 추출하는 방법을 제안한다. 첫 번째 단계로, Canny 에지 검출기로 에지를 추출하여 16가지 에지 맵을 생성하고, 두 번째 단계로 16가지 에지 맵을 조합하여 문자 특징을 갖는 8가지 문자-에지 맵을 생성한다. 세 번째 단계로 8가지 문자-에지 맵과 16가지 에지 맵을 이용하여 텍스트 후보 영역을 추출 하고, 마지막으로 텍스트 후보 영역에 대한 검증은 문자-에지 맵의 패턴 히스토그램 및 텍스트 영역의 구조적 특징을 이용하여 수행하였다. 실험결과 제안한 방법은 복잡한 배경, 다양한 글꼴, 다양한 텍스트 컬러로 구성된 자연이미지에서 텍스트 영역을 효과적으로 추출하였다. The text to be included in the natural images has many important information. Therefore, if we can extract the text in natural images, it can be applied to many important applications. In this paper, we propose a text region extraction method using pattern histogram of character-edge maps. In the first step, we extract edges with the Canny edge detector and create 16 kinds of edge maps from the extracted edges. In the second step, we make 8 kinds of character-edge maps that has a character features with combination of edge maps. In the third step, we extract a text regions using 8 kinds of character-edge maps and 16 kinds of edge maps. Finally, verification about candidate of the text regions uses pattern histogram of character-edge maps and structural features of text regions. The proposed method is experimented with various kinds of natural images. Experimental results show that the proposed method extracts a text regions composed of complex background, various letters, various text colors effectively.

Clinical Outcomes of Conservative Treatment and Arthroscopic Repair of Rotator Cuff Tears: A Retrospective Observational Study

Woo Hyung Lee,Hyun Kyung Do, Joong Hoon Lee,Bo Ram Kim,Jee Hyun Noh,Soo Hyun Choi,Sun Gun Chung,Shi-Uk Lee,최지은,Seihee Kim,Min Jee Kim,Jae-Young Lim 대한재활의학회 2016 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Vol.40 No.2

Objective To compare the clinical outcomes following conservative treatment and arthroscopic repair in patients with a rotator cuff tear.Methods In this retrospective study, patients aged >50 years with a symptomatic rotator cuff tear were reviewed. The rotator cuff tendons were evaluated using ultrasonography, shoulder magnetic resonance imaging or MR arthrography, and the patients with either a high-grade partial-thickness or small-to-medium-sized (≤3 cm) full-thickness tear were included in this study. The primary outcome measures were a pain assessment score and range of motion (ROM) at 1-year follow-up. The secondary outcomes were the rate of tear progression or retear along with the rate of symptom aggravation after the treatments.Results A total of 357 patients were enrolled, including 183 patients that received conservative treatment and 174 patients who received an arthroscopic repair. The pain assessment score (p<0.001) and the ROM in forward flexion (p<0.001) were significantly improved in both groups. The ROM in internal rotation did not significantly change after conservative treatment and arthroscopic repair. The pain assessment score and ROM were not significantly different between the two groups. Retear was observed in 9.6% of patients who had an arthroscopic repair and tear progression was found in 6.7% of those who underwent conservative treatment. The proportion of aggravation for pain and ROM did not significantly differ between the two groups.Conclusion The effectiveness of conservative treatment is not inferior to arthroscopic repair for patients >50 years old with a less than medium-sized rotator cuff tear in a 1-year follow-up period. Further study is warranted to find the optimal combination of conservative treatment for a symptomatic rotator cuff tear.

A nucleic acid hydrolyzing recombinant antibody confers resistance to curtovirus infection in tobacco

Lee, Gunsup,Shim, Hye-Kyung,Kwon, Myung-Hee,Son, Su-Hwan,Kim, Ki-Yoon,Park, Eul-Yong,Lee, Taek-Kyun,Lee, Woo-Ram,Auh, Chung-Kyoon,Kim, Donggiun,Kim, Yong-Sung,Lee, Sukchan Springer-Verlag 2013 Plant cell, tissue and organ culture Vol.115 No.2

Charge effect of foreign metal ions and the crystal growth process in hybridized metal–organic frameworks

Lee, Woo Ram,Ryu, Dae Won,Phang, Won Ju,Park, Ji Hye,Hong, Chang Seop The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012 Chemical communications Vol.48 No.88

<P>A paddle-wheel-type Cu metal–organic framework CuHTPO involving hydrogen bonds in the network is utilized to obtain composite systems with different metal ions of Zn<SUP>2+</SUP> and Tb<SUP>3+</SUP>. The framework stability and crystal transformation are affected by the charges of foreign cations.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>A paddle-wheel-type Cu metal–organic framework CuHTPO involving hydrogen bonds in the network is utilized to obtain composite systems with different metal ions of Zn<SUP>2+</SUP> and Tb<SUP>3+</SUP>. The framework stability and crystal transformation are likely affected by the charges of foreign cations. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c2cc35526d'> </P>

The Inhibitory Effects of Bee Venom on Propionibacterium acnes-induced Inflammatory Responses in vitro and in vivo

Woo-Ram Lee,Hyun-Jin An,Jung-Yeon Kim,Hyun Chung,Kwan-kyu Park 한국양봉학회 2015 한국양봉학회 학술대회 자료집 Vol.2015 No.3

Crystal-to-crystal conversion of Cu₂O nanoparticles to Cu crystals and applications in printed electronics

Lee, Woo-ram,Lim, Young S.,Kim, Sowon,Jung, Jaehoon,Han, Young-Kyu,Yoon, Sungho,Piao, Longhai,Kim, Sang-Ho Royal Society of Chemistry 2011 Journal of materials chemistry Vol.21 No.19

<P>In order to realize copper-based electrode materials for printed electronics applications, it is necessary to control the oxidation reaction during the sintering process. Here we report a novel approach based on the conversion process of cuprous oxide (Cu<SUB>2</SUB>O) nanoparticle aggregates (NPAs) to metallic copper crystals. The NPAs undergo crystal conversion to copper crystals in air with the help of surfactants and a reducing agent. This crystal conversion is a very unique phenomenon which has not been observed previously. The detailed mechanism for this conversion, including the role of the surfactant and crystal growth, was proposed. Furthermore, we tried to realize oxidation free copper electrode formation in air by using the crystal conversion of Cu<SUB>2</SUB>O NPAs.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Crystal conversion from Cu<SUB>2</SUB>O nanoparticle aggregates to a Cu crystal was investigated for possible application in printed Cu electrodes. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c1jm10110b'> </P>

Effect of Flow Instability on Pool Boiling and CHF of Thin Flat Plate Heater PCB

Lee, Woo-Ram,Lee, Jae-Young Taylor Francis 2015 Heat transfer engineering Vol.36 No.12

Diamine-functionalized metal–organic framework: exceptionally high CO₂ capacities from ambient air and flue gas, ultrafast CO₂ uptake rate, and adsorption mechanism

Lee, Woo Ram,Hwang, Sang Yeon,Ryu, Dae Won,Lim, Kwang Soo,Han, Sang Soo,Moon, Dohyun,Choi, Jungkyu,Hong, Chang Seop The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 Energy & environmental science Vol.7 No.2

<P>A framework en-Mg<SUB>2</SUB>(dobpdc) (<B>1-en</B>; en = ethylenediamine) functionalized with the primary amine en was prepared <I>via</I> postmodification. From synchrotron PXRD data, it is revealed that the cell parameters change upon grafting of en and CO<SUB>2</SUB> uptake. The adsorbed CO<SUB>2</SUB> amount of <B>1-en</B> is 4.57 mmol g<SUP>−1</SUP> (16.7 wt%) at 25 °C and 1 bar and decreases to 3.00 mmol g<SUP>−1</SUP> (11.7 wt%) at 150 °C. Noticeably, <B>1-en</B> shows a significant CO<SUB>2</SUB> uptake (3.62 mmol g<SUP>−1</SUP>, 13.7 wt%) at 0.15 bar, which is comparable to the CO<SUB>2</SUB> partial pressure of a post-combustion flue gas. The CO<SUB>2</SUB> capacity of <B>1-en</B> at 0.39 mbar, close to atmospheric CO<SUB>2</SUB> concentration, is 2.83 mmol g<SUP>−1</SUP> (11.1 wt%), which marks the highest amount among MOFs. The isosteric heat of adsorption (−<I>Q</I><SUB>st</SUB>) of <B>1-en</B> in CO<SUB>2</SUB> capture corresponds to 49–51 kJ mol<SUP>−1</SUP>, which is supported by DFT calculations (−52.8 kJ mol<SUP>−1</SUP>). These results suggest that the adsorption of CO<SUB>2</SUB> onto the free amines of en leads to the formation of a carbamic acid. Adsorption–desorption cyclings of CO<SUB>2</SUB> at the real dilute concentrations of air and flue gas are established with almost retaining CO<SUB>2</SUB> capacities, which could provide superior potential for practical application in CO<SUB>2</SUB> capture. The adsorption rate of CO<SUB>2</SUB> in <B>1-en</B> exceeds that in some other tested porous materials. The recyclability in CO<SUB>2</SUB> uptake for <B>1-en</B> is maintained even after exposure to humidity.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>A framework en-Mg<SUB>2</SUB>(dobpdc) functionalized with ethylenediamine exhibits a record high CO<SUB>2</SUB> capacity from air (0.39 mbar) with potential for application in CO<SUB>2</SUB> capture. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c3ee42328j'> </P>