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Identification of Osteogenic Purmorphamine Derivatives.
Lee, Sung-Jin,Lee, Hak-Kyo,Cho, Sung Yun,Choi, Joong-Kwon,Shin, Hea Kyeong,Kwak, Eun-Jung,Cho, Mi-Ran,Kim, Hye-Ryun,Kim, Seung-Ryol,Kim, Yong-Min,Park, Kyoung-Jin,Choi, Joong-Kook Korean Society for Molecular Biology 2008 Molecules and cells Vol.26 No.4
<P>During embryonic and cancer development, the Hedgehog family of proteins, including Sonic Hedgehog, play an important role by relieving the inhibition of Smo by Ptc, thus activating the Smo signaling cascade. Recently, a purine compound, purmorphamine, has been reported to target the Hedgehog signaling pathway by interacting with Smo. Interestingly, both Sonic Hedgehog and purmorphamine were found to promote the osteogenic differentiation of mouse chondroprogenitor cells. However, there is insufficient information as to how the activation of this seemingly unrelated signaling pathway, either by Sonic Hedgehog or purmorphamine, contributes to osteogenesis. Using alkaline phosphatase assays, we screened 125 purmorphamine derivatives from the Korea Chemical Bank for effects on the differentiation of preosteoblast C2C12 cells. Here, we report that two purine derivatives modulate ALP activity as well as the expression of genes whose expression is known or suggested to be involved in osteogenesis.</P>
Microstructure of rapidly quenched YAG-based glass–ceramics prepared by aerodynamic levitation
Lee, Chi-Hoon,Jung, Sang-Kyo,Yoda, Shinichi,Cho, Won-Seung Elsevier 2015 CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL Vol.41 No.10
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Almost-spherical yttrium aluminum garnet (Y<SUB>3</SUB>Al<SUB>5</SUB>O<SUB>12</SUB>, YAG) was synthesized using an aerodynamic levitator. The formation of crystalline or glass–ceramic depended on the initial mass of the molten droplet. The YAG was devitrified due to partial crystallization, even after rapid quenching, indicating a high tendency for crystallization. The darker spheroid phase nucleated from the Y<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>–Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> melt because of a polyamorphic liquid–liquid phase transition. The optical transparency of YAG increased with increasing Eu<SUP>3+</SUP> content because of the reduced number of micro-sized crystals, which act as a scattering center to visible light. The photoluminescence intensity of the YAG:Eu glass–ceramic was attributed mainly to an electric dipole <SUP>5</SUP>D<SUB>0</SUB>→<SUP>7</SUP>F<SUB>2</SUB> transition because the Eu<SUP>3+</SUP> in the YAG glass–ceramic is located at sites with low symmetry.</P>
Decreasing Effect of LidocaineㆍHCl on the Thickness of the Neuronal and Model Membrane
Sung-Min Park,Jong-Sun Park,Jae-Han Kim,Jin-Hyun Baek,Tae-Gyun Yoon,Do-Keun Lee,Won-Hyang Ryu,In-Kyo Chung,Uy Dong Sohn,Hye-Ock Jang,Il Yun 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 2013 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.17 No.4
This study examined the mechanism of action of a local anesthetic, lidocaineㆍHCl. Energy transfer between the surface fluorescent probe, 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonic acid, and the hydrophobic fluorescent probe, 1,3-di(1-pyrenyl) propane, was used to determine the effect of lidocaineㆍHCl on the thickness (D) of the synaptosomal plasma membrane vesicles (SPMV) isolated from the bovine cerebral cortex, and liposomes of the total lipids (SPMVTL) and phospholipids (SPMVPL) extracted from the SPMV. The thickness (D) of the intact SPMV, SPMVTL and SPMVPL were 1.044±0.008, 0.914±0.005 and 0.890±0.003 (arbitrary units, n=5) at 37<sup>o</sup>C (pH 7.4), respectively. LidocaineㆍHCl decreased the thickness of the neuronal and model membrane lipid bilayers in a dose-dependent manner with a significant decrease in the thickness, even at 0.1 mM. The decreasing effect of lidocaineㆍ HCl on the membrane thickness might be responsible for some, but not all of its anesthetic action.
Sung-Tak Lee,In-Kyo Chung 대한구강악안면외과학회 2012 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.38 No.4
Bilateral coronoid process hyperplasia is a rare condition characterized by an enlarged mandibular coronoid process. The painless progressive reduction of a mouth opening is caused by coronoid process impingement on the posterior aspect of the zygomatic bone. Hyperplasia of the bilateral coronoid process leads to the restriction of a mandibular opening consequent to the impingement of the enlarged coronoid process on the temporal surface of the zygomatic bone or with the medial surface of the zygomatic arch. The process has been diagnosed as developmental hyperplasia. Otherwise, the development of the coronoid process may be associated with growth hormone. This paper describes a case of trismus caused by coronoid hyperplasia in an idiopathic short-stature patient who received growth hormone therapy by somatropin injections.
Revisiting Willingness to Communicate
Sang Kyo Lee 팬코리아영어교육학회(구 영남영어교육학회) 2013 영어교육연구 Vol.25 No.3
With the rising emphasis on authentic communication in L2 learning, willingness to communicate (WTC) has been considered as an essential field of L2 research. A considerable amount of research has been carried out to explore factors influencing L2 learners' WTC. Thus, this study attempts to provide a comprehensive review of WTC. As a trait-like predisposition, WTC is defined as a person's intention to communicate with another person in a given situation, and it is believed to be the best predictor of actual communication approach/avoidance behavior in L2 learning. In an attempt to explain individual differences in the decision to initiate L2 communication, MacIntyre et al. conceptualized the heuristic model that describes WTC with cognitive affective variables interacting with social factors. According to the model, the cognitive affective variables include motivation, language attitudε, self-confidence, communication apprehension, and personality trait. Although conflicting findings have been reported, studies have shown that of the affective variables, by and large, motivation and self-confidence have direct impact on WTC in L2 learning. Language attitude, communication apprehension, and personality, on the other hand, have an indirect impact on WTC in L2 learning. It is also argued that the critical role of each affective variable affecting WTC seems to be influenced by individual differences as well as learning environment. Criticism of WTC and pedagogical implications will be discussed.
Lee, You-Jin,Seol, Jae-Won,Jeong, Jae-Kyo,Moon, Myung-Hee,Park, Sang-Youel D. A. Spandidos 2011 MOLECULAR MEDICINE REPORTS Vol.4 No.6
<P>Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a type II transmembrane cytokine and a potent inducer of apoptosis in cancer cells. However, some cancer cells, particularly prostate cancer cells, such as LNCaP cells, were found to be resistant to TRAIL. In the present study, we demonstrate that the proteasome inhibitor ALLN significantly enhanced TRAIL-induced apoptosis by up-regulating TRAIL/Apo2L death receptor 5 expression in LNCaP cells. LNCaP cells were exposed to ALLN for 3 h and treated with recombinant TRAIL protein. ALLN alone induced a 20% cell death after a 3???h treatment; however, pretreatment with ALLN induced death to more than 80% of cells after 3 h of TRAIL treatment. ALLN also enhanced the cell death of TRAIL-sensitive/resistant prostate cancer and other cancer cell lines. Western blotting results showed that the combination of ALLN and TRAIL increased the levels of activated caspase-8, -3 and DR-5 in LNCaP cells. Furthermore, we observed an increase in DR-5 expression following 3 h of treatment of ALLN alone. Taken together, our findings indicate that ALLN enhances TRAIL-induced apoptosis in LNCaP cells by up-regulating DR-5 expression. Thus, our results suggest that the combination of ALLN and TRAIL is a novel therapeutic strategy in TRAIL-resistant tumors.</P>
Utility of <i>rbc</i>S gene as a novel target DNA region for brown algal molecular systematics
Lee, Sang‐,Rae,Oak, Jung Hyun,Keum, Yeon‐,Shim,Lee, Jin Ae,Chung, Ik Kyo Blackwell Publishing Asia 2011 Phycological research Vol.59 No.1
<P><B>SUMMARY</B></P><P>The usefulness of molecular phylogenetic studies has increased remarkably as the quantity and quality of available DNA sequences has increased. When compared with the progress that has occurred in angiosperms and animals, there have been relatively few target DNA regions identified for use in taxonomic studies of brown algae. Therefore, in this study, we developed a new set of primers to amplify Rubisco small subunit (<I>rbc</I>S) gene sequences and determined the <I>rbc</I>S gene sequences of various species of brown algae including those belonging to Dictyotales, Ectocarpales, Fucales and Sphacelariales. The level of sequence variations in the <I>rbc</I>S gene varied according to the brown algal lineages. When focusing on the relationship of species within the genus <I>Sargassum</I>, the <I>rbc</I>S gene sequences provided useful information regarding the phylogenetic relationship among sections of the subgenus <I>Bactrophycus</I>. Based on the broad applicability and phylogenetic utility of the <I>rbc</I>S gene, we suggest that the sequence be used as a new target region for the molecular systematics of brown algae.</P>