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기억을 통한 역사 다시쓰기: 이창래의 『제스처 인생』 분석
이휘재 ( Hwi Jae Lee ) 한국현대영미소설학회 2013 현대영미소설 Vol.20 No.2
This thesis aims to read A Gesture Life, a novel written by Chang-rae Lee, through Walter Benjamin`s theory on memory. For this purpose, this study is divided into two parts: the first is understanding of Benjamin`s theorization on memory and the other is a reading of A Gesture Life. Benjamin`s key concept relevant to my reading of A GestureLife is``involuntary memory,``which,as opposed to voluntary memory, is the one suddenly brought to the present from the past through one`s unconscious remembrance. Involuntary memory is forgotten from one`s conscious and remembered only through one`s deepest unconscious. With the retrieval of one`s involuntary memory, the oppressed individual can rewrite one`s subjective historical truth abjected and denied from the official historiography reflecting the perspective of the winners. Based on Benjamin`s concept of involuntary memory, this study proposes that A Gesture Life rewrites the abjected histories of the two historical others, Kketaeh(a Korean comfort woman Hata met during the Pacific War)and Sunny(Hata`s adopted mixed daughter born between a Korean prostitute and an American black GI) through the involuntary remembrance of the protagonist, Franklin Hata. Hata,a Japanese-American elderly man living in a wealthy village nearby New York, has attempted to forget two women in order to successfully assimilate into the mainstream society. However, as the novel progresses, they are suddenly summoned to the present through his involuntary remembrance, demanding an ethical and political action. In response to this demand, Hata makes a choice to leave his beloved home,a symbol of his assimilation. I interpretHata`s act as a declaration not to be assimilated.
Lee, Sang-Kil,Jeon, Sang-Ok,Kang, Jae-Seon,Lee, Jae-Hwi,Choi, Young-Wook The Korean Society of Pharmaceutical Sciences and 2007 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.37 No.5
Prostaglandin $E_1\;(PGE_1)$ was formulated as two self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS) composed of Cremophor $EL^{(R)}$ or Cremophor $ELP^{(R)}$ as a surfactant, ethanol as a cosurfactant and Labrafac $CC^{(R)}$ as an oil to develop liquid preparation for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. In pseudo-ternary phase diagram, viscous gel area and microemulsion area were defined. In the measurement of viscosity, the viscosity of two formulations increased gradually upon the addition of water and it decreased from the water contents over 40%. With excessive water, the present systems formed a microemulsion spontaneously. From these results, rte could expect that the present liquid $PGE_1$ SMEDDS formulations might stay within the urethra in the viscous state when contacting the moisture of the urethra and can be easily eliminated by urination. In long-term stability study, we could select one formulation more stable at the shelf storage condition of $4^{\circ}C$.
Study on the Reproductive Function in Transgenic Pig Harboring Human Erythropoietin (hEPO) Gene
Lee, Hyun-Gi,Lee, Hwi-Cheul,Chung, Hak-Jae,Hwang, In-Sul,Choi, Myoung-Seob,Byun, Sung-June,Lee, Seung-Hoon,Kim, Min-Ji,Woo, Jae-Seok,Chang, Won-Kyong,Lee, Poong-Yeon,Lee, Hoon-Taek,Park, Jin-Ki The Korean Society of Animal Reproduction 2008 Reproductive & developmental biology Vol.32 No.2
Our previous study showed that transgenic (TG) pigs harboring human EPO (hEPO) gene have been shown to have reproductive disorders, including low pregnancy rates, irregular estrus cycle and low little size. To investigate these reasons, we assessed estrus behavior (standing response) and plasma $17{\beta}$-estradiol ($E_2$) level, which partly reflect reproductive function, during the estrus cycles after synchronization and superovulation by hormone treatments. Then, we analysed blood composition and expression of hEPO gene in TG pigs. Pigs were injected with PG600. After 10 days, pigs were fed with Regumate porcine for 6 days. Blood samples were collected from jugular vein. Analysis of blood composition and $E_2$ level were measured by Hemavet 950 and $E_2$ ELISA kit, respectively. And, the expression of hEPO gene in reproductive organs was quantitated by real-time RT-PCR. The percentage of estrus behavior in TG was significantly decreased. Hematocrit (HCT), hemoglobin (Hb) concentration and red blood cell (RBC) number were significantly higher in TG than wild type (WT). On the other hand, high expression of hEPO gene in TG was observed in the mammary gland as well as in the uterus. Moreover, plasma $E_2$ level was significantly higher in TG than WT. These results suggest that nonspecific expression of hEPO gene in the other organs of TG may affect blood composition and plasma $E_2$ level, thereby causing reproductive disorders.
Lee, Jae-Hwi,Lee, Yoon-Jin,Kang, Kyoung-Hoon,Nam, Dae-Young,Choi, Young-Wook The Korean Society of Pharmaceutical Sciences and 2005 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.35 No.5
The objectives of the current work is to understand the factors impacting the formulation and performance of a Carbopol mucoadhesive buccal delvery system for a model peptide drug, $[D-Ala{^2},\;D-Leu{^5}]$enkephalin (DADLE, Mw=569.7) with comparable chemical and enzymatic stability. Specifically, in vitro buccal DADLE delivery from the cross-linked poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) hydrogel system was characterized. In addition, the influences of several penetration enhancers on the ex vivo buccal absorption of DADLE were also studied. In this study, the PAA hydrogels generally swell to 100% of their original weight in the phosphate pH 7.4 buffer. The water penetration into the PAA hydrogel occurred based on a zero-order kinetics for the first 60 min and steadily decreased afterwards. From the release study, it can be seen that the initial DADLE release was so rapid and the rate of release of DADLE decreased as the time elapsed. The porcine buccal tissue was found to be permeable to DADLE with a flux value of $0.07%/cm{^2}/hr({\pm}0.01\;SD)$. From the ex vivo diffusion study, it was found that sodium taurodihydrofusidate showed a greater degree of enhancement compared to the phospholipids with an Enhancement Ratio (ER) of 8.7 compared to 2.7 and 1.9 for didecanoylphosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylcholine, respectively. The work encompassed within this paper has demonstrated the feasibility of using the PAA hydrogel delivery system with its good mucoadhesive properties for the buccal delivery of peptides.
Comparison of Identification Methods for Transgene and the Production of GFP dlabetic Transgenic Pig
Hwi-Cheul Lee,Hyun-Gi Lee,Hee Kyoung Chung,Seunghoon Lee,Lee, Min-Ji Kim,Sung-June Byun,Jae-Seok Woo,Eun-Mi Ko,Won-Kyoung Chang,Jin-Ki Park 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 2008 Reproductive & developmental biology Vol.32 No.2
Lee, Young-Kyun,Lee, You Jin,Lee, Na Kyoung,Nho, Jae-Hwi,Koo, Kyung-Hoi KOREAN ACADEMY OF MEDICAL SCIENCE 2018 JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE Vol.33 No.22
<P><B>Background</B></P><P>Although bone scan might be useful to detect incomplete atypical femoral fractures (AFFs) earlier than radiographs, there is no study on predicting further progression to a complete fracture among incomplete AFFs. Our purposes are to determine whether bone scan detects impending complete fracture among incomplete AFFs.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>We reviewed 18 patients (20 AFFs) who underwent bone scan at the diagnosis of incomplete AFF and were not treated with prophylactic fixation. A diagnosis of impending complete fracture was made, when the femur completely fractured within 6 months after the scan. We correlated radioisotope uptake with the impending complete fracture to calculate sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of bone scan.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>Thirteen AFFs (65%, 13/20) showed a positive uptake in bone scan. Among the 13, only one femur was completely fractured within 6 months. None of the 7 femurs without uptake in bone scan fractured. In diagnosing impending complete fracture, the sensitivity of bone scan was 100% and negative predictive value was 100%. However, the specificity (36.8%) and positive predictive value (7.7%) were quite low.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>Bone scan has no significant role in detecting the impending complete fracture, and a positive uptake does not mean the necessity of prophylactic fixation of incomplete AFF.</P>
Development of a System for Diagnosing Faults in Rotating Machinery using Vibration Signals
Jae-Eung Oh,Choong-Hwi Lee,Hyoun-Jin Sim,Hae-Jin Lee,Seong-Hyeon Kim,Jung-Youn Lee 한국정밀공학회 2007 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.8 No.3
It is widely recognized that increasing the accuracy and diversity of rotating machinery necessitates an appropriate diagnostic technique and maintenance system. Until now, operators have monitored machinery using their senses or by analyzing simple changes to root mean square output values. We developed an expert diagnostic system that uses fuzzy inference to expertly assess the condition of a machine and allow operators to make accurate judgments. This paper describes the hardware and software to the expert diagnostic system. An assessment of the diagnostic performance for five fault phenomena typically found in pumps is also described.