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New Paradigms for Philosophical Practice
Ran Lahav 강원대학교 인문과학연구소 2017 Journal of Humanities Therapy Vol.8 No.1
The philosophical practice movement is based on the vision that philosophy can help make the life of the individual fuller, deeper, more meaningful. However, traditional philosophy in the West has typically been abstract and remote from everyday life, and the challenge for philosophical practitioners is how to bridge the gap between philosophical ideas or methods and the individual’s personal concerns. I argue that the main existing strategies for addressing this challenge have seen only partial success. New paradigms need to be developed, ones that would use philosophical reflection in more effective and meaningful ways. In recent years I have been exploring, with the help of colleagues, a new direction for philosophical practice, one which I now call “The gardener’s paradigm”. Instead of trying to apply (or even impose) philosophical ideas or methods onto the individual’s situation, the “philosophical gardener” uses philosophy to nourish the “plants” within us so that they would find their own wisdom. More concretely, philosophical reflection is used to enrich the individuals’ dormant sensitivities and awareness, not just their abstract thinking but their entire being. A concrete example of this new paradigm is the philosophical-contemplative companionship (or philosophical companionship for short), which I have been developing for the past three years. This is a group activity in which participants contemplate in togetherness on a philosophical text, resonating with each other from their inner depth. Rather than making statements, expressing opinions, or looking for solutions to problems, participants open themselves to a creative polyphonic symphony of philosophical ideas that address basic life-issues. The result is a powerful experience that touches and awakens deep, dormant sources of wisdom and understanding.
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Philosophical Voices of Self-Transformation
Ran Lahav 강원대학교 인문과학연구소 2012 Journal of Humanities Therapy Vol.3 No.-
In this paper I present my approach to philosophical counseling, which aims at facilitating self-transformation in counselees. This approach is inspired by important thinkers throughout the history of Western philosophy who envisioned a personal transformation towards a fuller and deeper life, and whom I collectively call transformational thinkers. As noted by transformational thinkers, individuals are normally confined to narrow, rigid, superficial attitudes which are based on a limited conception of life, or what I call worldview. One’s worldview is expressed not primarily in words, but in one’s habitual patterns of behavior, emotion, and thought. The goal of philosophical counseling as I see it is to help counselees transcend their constricted worldview. The counseling process resembles Plato’s Allegory of the Cave, according to which individuals imprisoned in a narrow, dark cave step out towards a fuller reality. A case study is presented to illustrate the two main stages of the counseling process: First, an investigation of the counselee’s “Platonic cave,” or worldview; and second, an exploration of ways to step beyond its boundaries. The first stage involves analysis of everyday events, while the second stage involves searching for alternate conceptions, or “voices” that speak in the counselee’s life, and learning to open oneself to them and respond to them.
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Decoding the spectra of SDSS early-type galaxies: new indicators of age and recent star formation
Rogers, Ben,Ferreras, Ignacio,Lahav, Ofer,Bernardi, Mariangela,Kaviraj, Sugata,Yi, Sukyoung K. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2007 MONTHLY NOTICES- ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY Vol.382 No.2
<P>ABSTRACT</P><P>We apply principal component analysis (PCA) to a sample of early-type galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) in order to infer differences in their star formation histories from their unresolved stellar populations. We select a <I>z</I> < 0.1 volume-limited sample comprising ∼7000 early-type galaxies from SDSS/Data Release 4. Out of the first few principal components (PC), we study four which give information about stellar populations and velocity dispersion. We construct two parameters (η and ζ) as linear combinations of PC1 and PC2. The four components can be presented as ‘optimal filters’ to explore in detail the properties of the underlying stellar populations. By comparing various photospectroscopic observables – including near-ultraviolet (NUV) photometry from Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) – we find ζ to be most sensitive to recent episodes of star formation, and η to be strongly dependent on the average age of the stellar populations. Both η and ζ also depend on metallicity. We apply these optimal filters to composite spectra assembled by Bernardi et al. The distribution of the η component of the composites appear to be indistinguishable between high- and low-density regions, whereas the distribution of ζ parameters have a significant skew towards lower values for galaxies in low-density regions. This result suggests that galaxies in lower density environments are less likely to present weak episodes of recent star formation. In contrast, a significant number of galaxies from our high-density subsample – which includes clusters (both outer regions and centres) and groups – underwent small but detectable recent star formation at high metallicity, in agreement with recent estimates targeting elliptical galaxies in Hickson Compact Groups and in the field.</P>
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Star/galaxy separation at faint magnitudes: application to a simulated Dark Energy Survey
Soumagnac, M. T.,Abdalla, F. B.,Lahav, O.,Kirk, D.,Sevilla, I.,Bertin, E.,Rowe, B. T. P.,Annis, J.,Busha, M. T.,Da Costa, L. N.,Frieman, J. A.,Gaztanaga, E.,Jarvis, M.,Lin, H.,Percival, W. J.,Santiago Oxford University Press 2015 MONTHLY NOTICES- ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY Vol.450 No.1
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Soumagnac, M. T.,Barkana, R.,Sabiu, C. G.,Loeb, A.,Ross, A. J.,Abdalla, F. B.,Balan, S. T.,Lahav, O. American Physical Society 2016 Physical Review Letters Vol.116 No.20
<P>Baryon acoustic oscillations in the early Universe are predicted to leave an as yet undetected signature on the relative clustering of total mass versus luminous matter. A detection of this effect would provide an important confirmation of the standard cosmological paradigm and constrain alternatives to dark matter as well as nonstandard fluctuations such as compensated isocurvature perturbations (CIPs). We conduct the first observational search for this effect, by comparing the number-weighted and luminosity-weighted correlation functions, using the SDSS-III BOSS Data Release 10 CMASS sample. When including CIPs in our model, we formally obtain evidence at 3.2 sigma of the relative clustering signature and a limit that matches the existing upper limits on the amplitude of CIPs. However, various tests suggest that these results are not yet robust, perhaps due to systematic biases in the data. The method developed in this Letter used with more accurate future data such as that from DESI, is likely to confirm or disprove our preliminary evidence.</P>
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