http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Asteroid pairs: A complex picture
Pravec, P.,Fatka, P.,Vokrouhlický,, D.,Scheirich, P.,Ď,urech, J.,Scheeres, D.J.,Kuš,nirá,k, P.,Hornoch, K.,Galá,d, A.,Pray, D.P.,Krugly, Yu. N.,Burkhonov, O.,Ehgamberdiev, Elsevier 2019 Icarus Vol.333 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We studied a sample of 93 asteroid pairs, i.e., pairs of genetically related asteroids that are on highly similar heliocentric orbits. We estimated times elapsed since separation of pair members (i.e., pair age) that are between 7 × 10<SUP>3</SUP> yr and a few 10<SUP>6</SUP> yr. With photometric observations, we derived the rotation periods <I>P</I> <SUB>1</SUB> for all the primaries (i.e., the larger members of asteroid pairs) and a sample of secondaries (the smaller pair members). We derived the absolute magnitude differences of the studied asteroid pairs that provide their mass ratios <I>q</I>. For a part of the studied pairs, we refined their WISE geometric albedos and collected or estimated their taxonomic classifications. For 17 asteroid pairs, we also determined their pole positions. In two pairs where we obtained the spin poles for both pair components, we saw the same sense of rotation for both components and constrained the angles between their original spin vectors at the time of their separation. We found that the primaries of 13 asteroid pairs in our sample are actually binary or triple systems, i.e., they have one or two bound, orbiting secondaries (satellites). As a by-product, we found also 3 new young asteroid clusters (each of them consisting of three known asteroids on highly similar heliocentric orbits). We compared the obtained asteroid pair data with theoretical predictions and discussed their implications. We found that 86 of the 93 studied asteroid pairs follow the trend of primary rotation period vs mass ratio that was found by Pravec et al. (2010). Of the 7 outliers, 3 appear insignificant (may be due to our uncertain or incomplete knowledge of the three pairs), but 4 are high mass ratio pairs that were unpredicted by the theory of asteroid pair formation by rotational fission. We discuss a (remotely) possible way that they could be created by rotational fission of flattened parent bodies followed by re-shaping of the formed components. The 13 asteroid pairs with binary primaries are particularly interesting systems that place important constraints on formation and evolution of asteroid pairs. We present two hypotheses for their formation: The asteroid pairs having both bound and unbound secondaries could be “failed asteroid clusters”, or they could be formed by a cascade primary spin fission process. Further studies are needed to reveal which of these two hypotheses for formation of the paired binary systems is real.</P>
Electron spin resonance in Eu-based iron pnictides
Krug von Nidda, H.-A.,Kraus, S.,Schaile, S.,Dengler, E.,Pascher, N.,Hemmida, M.,Eom, M. J.,Kim, J. S.,Jeevan, H. S.,Gegenwart, P.,Deisenhofer, J.,Loidl, A. American Physical Society 2012 Physical review. B, Condensed matter and materials Vol.86 No.9
Optimizing the Local Embedding of Renewable Energy Plants
Michael Krug,Dörte Ohlhorst 한국환경정책학회 2019 環境政策 Vol.27 No.S
In this article we ask about the factors that promote acceptance of local renewable energy plants and about the specific role nature conservation plays in the concert of other acceptance factors. We explored to what extent trade-offs between climate protection, nature and species protection, protection of local residents and local value creation can be realigned. The article provides an overview of the key acceptance factors identified and derives a set of trust and acceptance building measures. It has a specific focus on wind energy. Our findings suggest that nature conservation rationales have definitively a role to play as a local acceptance factor, but other acceptance factors are closely linked or more important. Particularly, economic factors, the attitudes towards the energy transition, trust in key actors and planning and development processes were identified as key preconditions for local acceptance.
Mutations of CEP83 Cause Infantile Nephronophthisis and Intellectual Disability
Failler, M.,Gee, H.,Krug, P.,Joo, K.,Halbritter, J.,Belkacem, L.,Filhol, E.,Porath, Jonathan D.,Braun, Daniela A.,Schueler, M.,Frigo, A.,Alibeu, O.,Masson, C.,Brochard, K.,Hurault de Ligny, B.,Novo, R University of Chicago Press [etc.] 2014 American journal of human genetics Vol.94 No.6
Ciliopathies are a group of hereditary disorders associated with defects in cilia structure and function. The distal appendages (DAPs) of centrioles are involved in the docking and anchoring of the mother centriole to the cellular membrane during ciliogenesis. The molecular composition of DAPs was recently elucidated and mutations in two genes encoding DAPs components (CEP164/NPHP15, SCLT1) have been associated with human ciliopathies, namely nephronophthisis and orofaciodigital syndrome. To identify additional DAP components defective in ciliopathies, we independently performed targeted exon sequencing of 1,221 genes associated with cilia and 5 known DAP protein-encoding genes in 1,255 individuals with a nephronophthisis-related ciliopathy. We thereby detected biallelic mutations in a key component of DAP-encoding gene, CEP83, in seven families. All affected individuals had early-onset nephronophthisis and four out of eight displayed learning disability and/or hydrocephalus. Fibroblasts and tubular renal cells from affected individuals showed an altered DAP composition and ciliary defects. In summary, we have identified mutations in CEP83, another DAP-component-encoding gene, as a cause of infantile nephronophthisis associated with central nervous system abnormalities in half of the individuals.
<i>δ</i>-exceedance records and random adaptive walks
Park, Su-Chan,Krug, Joachim IOP 2016 JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND THEORETICAL Vol.49 No.31
<P>We study a modified record process where the <I>k</I>th record in a series of independent and identically distributed random variables is defined recursively through the condition <img ALIGN='MIDDLE' ALT='${Y}_{k}\gt {Y}_{k-1}-{\delta }_{k-1}$' SRC='http://ej.iop.org/images/1751-8121/49/31/315601/jpaaa2634ieqn1.gif'/> with a deterministic sequence <img ALIGN='MIDDLE' ALT='${\delta }_{k}\gt 0$' SRC='http://ej.iop.org/images/1751-8121/49/31/315601/jpaaa2634ieqn2.gif'/> called the handicap. For constant <img ALIGN='MIDDLE' ALT='${\delta }_{k}\equiv \delta $' SRC='http://ej.iop.org/images/1751-8121/49/31/315601/jpaaa2634ieqn3.gif'/> and exponentially distributed random variables it has been shown in previous work that the process displays a phase transition as a function of <I>δ</I> between a normal phase where the mean record value increases indefinitely and a stationary phase where the mean record value remains bounded and a finite fraction of all entries are records (Park <I>et al</I> 2015 <I>Phys. Rev.</I> E <A HREF='http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.91.042707'> <B>91</B> 042707</A>). Here we explore the behavior for general probability distributions and decreasing and increasing sequences <img ALIGN='MIDDLE' ALT='${\delta }_{k}$' SRC='http://ej.iop.org/images/1751-8121/49/31/315601/jpaaa2634ieqn4.gif'/>, focusing in particular on the case when <img ALIGN='MIDDLE' ALT='${\delta }_{k}$' SRC='http://ej.iop.org/images/1751-8121/49/31/315601/jpaaa2634ieqn5.gif'/> matches the typical spacing between subsequent records in the underlying simple record process without handicap. We find that a continuous phase transition occurs only in the exponential case, but a novel kind of first order transition emerges when <img ALIGN='MIDDLE' ALT='${\delta }_{k}$' SRC='http://ej.iop.org/images/1751-8121/49/31/315601/jpaaa2634ieqn6.gif'/> is increasing. The problem is partly motivated by the dynamics of evolutionary adaptation in biological fitness landscapes, where <img ALIGN='MIDDLE' ALT='${\delta }_{k}$' SRC='http://ej.iop.org/images/1751-8121/49/31/315601/jpaaa2634ieqn7.gif'/> corresponds to the change of the deterministic fitness component after <I>k</I> mutational steps. The results for the record process are used to compute the mean number of steps that a population performs in such a landscape before being trapped at a local fitness maximum.</P>
Optical and Magnetic Properties of MBE-Grown Manganese Sulfide Layers
W. Heimbrodt,L. Chen,H.-A. Krug Von Nidda,A. Loidl,P. J. Klar,L. David,K. A. Prior 한국물리학회 2008 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.53 No.5
Metastable zinc-blende MnS layers of various thicknesses from 1:8 nm to 8:6 nm have been grown by molecular beam epitaxy on (100) GaAs between ZnSe cladding layers. We studied the dependences of the optical and the magnetic properties on the layer thickness. On the one hand, the non-exponential decay of the Mn internal transition is found to be faster for thick erlayer,which is a size effect and not caused by the interfaces. On the other hand, the Neel-temperature is not altered with decreasing layer thickness, but the phase-transition-induced shift of the internal Mn transitions is smaller for thinnerMnSlayers. Thisisexplainedbythedominatingin uenceofMn ions at the interface, which possess a reduced number of Mn neighbors. SQUID measurements in a weak external magnetic eld conrm the optical observations in zero field. However, applying a strong magnetic field reveals the metamagnetic character of these zinc-blende MnS layers. An antiferromagnetic-to-erromagnetic phase transitionis found with increasing external field. Metastable zinc-blende MnS layers of various thicknesses from 1:8 nm to 8:6 nm have been grown by molecular beam epitaxy on (100) GaAs between ZnSe cladding layers. We studied the dependences of the optical and the magnetic properties on the layer thickness. On the one hand, the non-exponential decay of the Mn internal transition is found to be faster for thick erlayer,which is a size effect and not caused by the interfaces. On the other hand, the Neel-temperature is not altered with decreasing layer thickness, but the phase-transition-induced shift of the internal Mn transitions is smaller for thinnerMnSlayers. Thisisexplainedbythedominatingin uenceofMn ions at the interface, which possess a reduced number of Mn neighbors. SQUID measurements in a weak external magnetic eld conrm the optical observations in zero field. However, applying a strong magnetic field reveals the metamagnetic character of these zinc-blende MnS layers. An antiferromagnetic-to-erromagnetic phase transitionis found with increasing external field.