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Khor, Wei-Boon,Prajna, Venkatesh N.,Garg, Prashant,Mehta, Jodhbir S.,Xie, Lixin,Liu, Zuguo,Padilla, Ma. Dominga B.,Joo, Choun-Ki,Inoue, Yoshitsugu,Goseyarakwong, Panida,Hu, Fung-Rong,Nishida, Kohji,Ki Elsevier 2018 American journal of ophthalmology Vol.195 No.-
<P><B>Purpose</B></P> <P>To survey the demographics, risk factors, microbiology, and outcomes for infectious keratitis in Asia.</P> <P><B>Design</B></P> <P>Prospective, nonrandomized clinical study.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>Thirteen study centers and 30 sub-centers recruited consecutive subjects over 12-18 months, and performed standardized data collection. A microbiological protocol standardized the processing and reporting of all isolates. Treatment of the infectious keratitis was decided by the managing ophthalmologist. Subjects were observed for up to 6 months. Main outcome measures were final visual acuity and the need for surgery during infection.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>A total of 6626 eyes of 6563 subjects were studied. The majority of subjects were male (n = 3992). Trauma (n = 2279, 34.7%) and contact lens wear (n = 704, 10.7%) were the commonest risk factors. Overall, bacterial keratitis was diagnosed in 2521 eyes (38.0%) and fungal keratitis in 2166 eyes (32.7%). Of the 2831 microorganisms isolated, the most common were <I>Fusarium</I> species (n = 518, 18.3%), <I>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</I> (n = 302, 10.7%), and <I>Aspergillus flavus</I> (n = 236, 8.3%). Cornea transplantation was performed in 628 eyes to manage ongoing infection, but 289 grafts (46%) had failed by the end of the study. Moderate visual impairment (Snellen vision less than 20/60) was documented in 3478 eyes (53.6%).</P> <P><B>Conclusion</B></P> <P>Demographic and risk factors for infection vary by country, but infections occur predominantly in male subjects and are frequently related to trauma. Overall, a similar percentage of bacterial and fungal infections were diagnosed in this study. Visual recovery after infectious keratitis is guarded, and corneal transplantation for active infection is associated with a high failure rate.</P>
Involvement of CELSR3 Hypermethylation in Primary Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Khor, Goot Heah,Froemming, Gabrielle Ruth Anisah,Zain, Rosnah Binti,Abraham, Thomas Mannil,Lin, Thong Kwai Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.1
Background: Promoter hypermethylation is a frequent epigenetic mechanism for gene transcription repression in cancer and is one of the hallmarks of the disease. Cadherin EGF LAG seven-pass G-type receptor 3 (CELSR3) contributes to cell contact-mediated communication. Dysregulation of promoter methylation has been reported in various cancers. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to investigate the CELSR3 hypermethylation level in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) using methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting analysis (MS-HRM) and to correlate CELSR3 methylation with patient demographic and clinicopathological parameters. Materials and Methods: Frozen tissue samples of healthy subjects' normal mucosa and OSCCs were examined with regard to their methylation levels of the CELSR3 gene using MS-HRM. Results: MS-HRM analysis revealed a high methylation level of CELSR3 in 86% of OSCC cases. Significant correlations were found between CELSR3 quantitative methylation levels with patient ethnicity (P=0.005), age (P=0.024) and pathological stages (P=0.004). A moderate positive correlation between CELSR3 and patient age was also evident (R=0.444, P=0.001). Conclusions: CELSR3 promoter hypermethylation may be an important mechanism involved in oral carcinogenesis. It may thus be used as a biomarker in OSCC prognostication.
Screening of Differential Promoter Hypermethylated Genes in Primary Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Khor, Goot Heah,Froemming, Gabrielle Ruth Anisah,Zain, Rosnah Binti,Abraham, Mannil Thomas,Thong, Kwai Lin Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.20
Background: Promoter hypermethylation leads to altered gene functions and may result in malignant cellular transformation. Thus, identification of biomarkers for hypermethylated genes could be useful for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Objectives: To screen hypermethylated genes with a microarray approach and to validate selected hypermethylated genes with the methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSPCR). Materials and Methods: Genome-wide analysis of normal oral mucosa and OSCC tissues was conducted using the Illumina methylation microarray. The specified differential genes were selected and hypermethylation status was further verified with an independent cohort sample of OSCC samples. Candidate genes were screened using microarray assay and run by MSPCR analysis. Results: TP73, PIK3R5, and CELSR3 demonstrated high percentages of differential hypermethylation status. Conclusions: Our microarray screening and MSPCR approaches revealed that the signature candidates of differentially hypermethylated genes may possibly become potential biomarkers which would be useful for diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic targets of OSCC in the near future.
Khor, Tze Sheng,Alfaro, Eduardo E.,Ooi, Esther M. M.,Li, Yuan,Srivastava, Amitabh,Fujita, Hiroshi,Park, Youn,Kumarasinghe, Marian Priyanthi,Lauwers, Gregory Yves Lippincott Williams Wilkins, Inc. 2012 The American journal of surgical pathology Vol.36 No.3
Dysplasia in Barrett esophagus has been recognized to be morphologically heterogenous, featuring adenomatous, foveolar, and hybrid phenotypes. Recent studies have suggested a tumor suppressor role for CDX-2 in the metaplasia-dysplasia-carcinoma sequence. The phenotypic stability and role of CDX-2 in the neoplastic progression of different types of dysplasias have not been evaluated. Thirty-eight endoscopic mucosal resections with dysplasia and/or intramucosal carcinoma (IMC) arising in Barrett esophagus were evaluated for the expression of MUC5AC, MUC6, MUC2, CD10, and CDX-2. The background mucosa was also evaluated. The results were correlated with morphologic classification and clinicopathologic parameters. Of 38 endoscopic mucosal resections, 23 had IMC and dysplasia, 8 had IMC only, and 7 had dysplasia only. Among dysplastic lesions, 73% were foveolar, 17% were adenomatous, and 10% were hybrid. Twenty of 23 cases with dysplasia and adjacent IMC showed an identical immunophenotype of dysplasia and IMC comprising 16 gastric, 3 intestinal, and 1 mixed immunophenotype. Three cases showed discordance of dysplasia and IMC immunophenotype. These findings suggest that most Barrett-related IMC cases are either gastric or intestinal, with phenotypic stability during progression supporting separate gastric and intestinal pathways of carcinogenesis. CDX-2 showed gradual downregulation of expression during progression in adenomatous dysplasia but not in foveolar or hybrid dysplasia, supporting a tumor suppressor role, at least in the intestinal pathway. CDX-2 was also found to be expressed to a greater degree in intestinal metaplasia compared with nonintestinalized columnar metaplasia. Consistent with CDX-2 as a tumor suppressor, this suggests that nonintestinalized columnar metaplasia may be an unstable intermediate state at risk for neoplastic progression.
CFD analysis of the effect of different PAR locations against hydrogen recombination rate
Lee, Khor Chong,Ryu, Myungrok,Park, Kweonha The Korean Society of Marine Engineering 2016 한국마린엔지니어링학회지 Vol.40 No.2
Many studies have been conducted on the performance of a passive autocatalytic recombiner (PAR), but not many have focused on the locations where the PAR is installed. During a severe accident in a nuclear reactor containment, a large amount of hydrogen gas can be produced and released into the containment, leading to hydrogen deflagration or a detonation. A PAR is a hydrogen mitigation method that is widely implemented in current and advanced light water reactors. Therefore, for this study, a PAR was installed at different locations in order to investigate the difference in hydrogen reduction rate. The results indicate that the hydrogen reduction rate of a PAR is proportional to the distance between the hydrogen induction location and the bottom wall.