Intellectual Property as National Security: The Case of AI in the Indo-Pacific

Margaret Kenney 동아시아재단 2022 Global Asia Vol.17 No.4

CAUGHT IN THE ACT: STRONG, ACTIVE RAM PRESSURE STRIPPING IN VIRGO CLUSTER SPIRAL NGC 4330

Abramson, Anne,Kenney, Jeffrey D. P.,Crowl, Hugh H.,Chung, Aeree,van Gorkom, J. H.,Vollmer, Bernd,Schiminovich, David American Institute of Physics 2011 The Astronomical journal Vol.141 No.5

<P>We present a multi-wavelength study of NGC 4330, a highly inclined spiral galaxy in the Virgo Cluster which is a clear example of strong, ongoing intracluster medium-interstellar medium (ICM-ISM) ram pressure stripping. The H <SPAN CLASS='sml'>I</SPAN> has been removed from well within the undisturbed old stellar disk, to 50%-65% of R<SUB>25</SUB>. Multi-wavelength data (WIYN BVR-Hα, Very Large Array 21 cm H <SPAN CLASS='sml'>I</SPAN> and radio continuum, and Galaxy Evolution Explorer NUV and FUV) reveal several one-sided extraplanar features likely caused by ram pressure at an intermediate disk-wind angle. At the leading edge of the interaction, the Hα and dust extinction curve sharply out of the disk in a remarkable and distinctive 'upturn' feature that may be generally useful as a diagnostic indicator of active ram pressure. On the trailing side, the ISM is stretched out in a long tail which contains 10% of the galaxy's total H <SPAN CLASS='sml'>I</SPAN> emission, 6%-9% of its NUV-FUV emission, but only 2% of the Hα. The centroid of the H <SPAN CLASS='sml'>I</SPAN> tail is downwind of the UV/Hα tail, suggesting that the ICM wind has shifted most of the ISM downwind over the course of the past 10-300 Myr. Along the major axis, the disk is highly asymmetric in the UV, but more symmetric in Hα and H <SPAN CLASS='sml'>I</SPAN>, also implying recent changes in the distributions of gas and star formation. The UV-optical colors indicate very different star formation histories for the leading and trailing sides of the galaxy. On the leading side, a strong gradient in the UV-optical colors of the gas-stripped disk suggests that it has taken 200-400 Myr to strip the gas from a radius of >8 to 5 kpc, but on the trailing side there is no age gradient. All our data suggest a scenario in which NGC 4330 is falling into the cluster center for the first time and has experienced a significant increase in ram pressure over the last 200-400 Myr. Many of the UV-bright stars that form outside the thin disk due to ram pressure will ultimately produce stellar thick disk and halo components with characteristic morphologies and age distributions distinct from those produced by gravitational interactions.</P>

Dual-band feedforward linear power amplifier for digital cellular and IMT-2000 base-station

Choi, Heungjae,Jeong, Yongchae,Kenney, J. S.,Kim, Chul Dong Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2009 MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS Vol.51 No.4

<P>This article presents the design of a novel dual-band signal cancellation circuit and its application to feedforward linear power amplifier. Intermodulation distortion cancellation loop shows 20.45 dB and 25.04 dB suppression for digital cellular band and IMT-2000 band, respectively, over a correction bandwidth of 100 MHz. From the adjacent channel leakage ratio measurement, 16.5 dB and 18.6 dB improvements are achieved for each band under simultaneous operation. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 922–926, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24198</P>

한랭환경에서 손발노출에 의한 청년과 노인의 체온조절반응 비교

정운선,W.L. Kenney 한국의류학회 1998 한국의류학회지 Vol.22 No.7

A study was conducted to investigate the effect of cooling hands of feet on human thermoregulation in the cold. Eight young (22$\pm$1 yr) and eight aged (69$\pm$4 yr) men volun-teered as subjects They stayed at 1$0^{\circ}C$ in the supine posture during the experiment which included hands or feet exposure to the air for 20 minutes. Hand Exposure (HE) and Foot Exposure (FE) were conducted in radomized order and the baseline was kept before HE and FE. Core temperatures, limb skin temperatures adn thermal sensations were measured. Obtained data were analyze using t-test and correlation. Rectal and esophageal tem-peratures increased in the young (YG) and in aged (AG). Change rate of esophageal temperature (Tes) was maintained higher during FE than HE while rectal temperature showed no differences between YG and AG, and between HE and FE. Hand and foot skintemperature in YG and AG decreased similarly during HE and Fe. Forearm skin temperature during HE decreased while leg skin temperature during FE showed no change HE and Fe. It was concluded that the lower cooling. Furthermore, the increase of Tes was greater in young men than aged men. It is also suggested that the wearing behavior can be differently modified between young and aged men.

Propagation delay matched CMOS 0.18 μm frequency doubler for L-band application

Choi, Heungjae,Song, Kyungju,Jeong, Yongchae,Kenney, J. S.,Kim, Chul Dong Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2009 MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS Vol.51 No.7

<P>In this article, propagation delay matched CMOS frequency doubler for L-band application is proposed. Schmitt trigger and voltage controlled delay line compensates duty cycle error and propagation delay mismatching that are induced as the frequency of operation is increased. As a consequence, unwanted harmonic components suppression is greatly improved for higher frequency of operation. CMOS frequency doubler is designed at the input fundamental frequency (f<SUB>0</SUB>) of 1.15 GHz and fabricated with TSMC 0.18 μm CMOS process. Measured output power at the doubled frequency (2f<SUB>0</SUB>) is 2.67 dBm for the input power of 0 dBm. The amount of harmonic suppression for f<SUB>0</SUB>, 3f<SUB>0</SUB>, and 4f<SUB>0</SUB> are 43.65, 38.65, and 35.59 dB, respectively. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1729–1732, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24420</P>

The United States and North Korea: Multilateralism and Security

Joel M. Jenswold,Mary Ann Kenney,Micahel Carnuccio 한국공공정책학회 2004 공공정책연구 Vol.15 No.-

Current tensions between the United States and North Korea are centered on the pursuit of a nuclear program by North Korea and nuclear nonproliferation. The Agreed Framework has collapsed amid mutual suspicions and recriminations. Efforts to resume negotiations have floundered as there is disagreement on even the most basic elements, including how many countries should participate. While the United States does not trust North Korea, the regime in Pyongyang is equally suspicious of American motives, especially considering recent rhetoric from the Bush administration and a policy of regIme change elsewhere. The authors conclude that the United States is most likely seeking either regime change or enfeeblement of the North Korean regime, outcomes clearly unacceptable to Pyongyang. The North Korean government is most likely adopting the familiar Cold VvT ar tactic of using nuclear weapons for prestige and leverage? as so-called "bargaining chips". The paper traces recent events in the relationship between North Korea and the United States, highlighting specific points that seem to be intractable. In particular, the authors examine American policy changes between the Clinton and Bush administrations, and consider options for the United States under the current conditions. Whatever its true motives, the current American approach is both unproductive and diplomatically expensive, creating friction even with South Korea. Both complete American military withdrawal from Korea and unilateral military action are unrealistic options for the United States. This leaves alternative forms of coercion (probably economic sanctions) or diplomacy (possibly including "diplomatic brinkmanship"). Economic sanctions rarely work as intended, and they are likely to be especially ineffective in the case of North Korea. This leaves a diplomatic solution as the most feasible option. The American insistence on multilateral negotiations appears to be a welcome departure from the pattern of unilateralism displayed by the Bush administration elsewhere, but the North Korean concern with prestige and economic reward for abandoning their nuclear program fuels their insistence on bilateral talks with the United States. There are excellent reasons for a multilateral approach; indeed, the authors stress that no durable solution is otherwise possible. However, there is no intrinsic reason to refuse bilateral negotiations as an initial step. The United States may do well to defer the leading role to South Korea, whose interests in this matter are just as compelling and far more immediate.

Efficiency Enhancement of Feedforward Amplifiers by Employing a Negative Group-Delay Circuit

Heungjae Choi,Yongchae Jeong,Chul Dong Kim,Kenney, J Stevenson IEEE 2010 IEEE transactions on microwave theory and techniqu Vol.58 No.5

<P>We will demonstrate an alternative topology for the feedforward amplifier. This amplifier does not use a delay element, thus providing an efficiency enhancement and a size reduction by employing a distributed-element negative group-delay circuit. The insertion loss of the delay element in the conventional feedforward amplifier seriously degrades the efficiency. Usually, a high-power coaxial cable or a delay-line filter is utilized for a low loss, but the insertion loss, cost, and size of the delay element still act as a bottleneck. The proposed negative group-delay circuit removes the necessity of the delay element required for a broadband signal suppression loop. With the fabricated two-stage distributed-element negative group-delay circuit with 30 MHz of bandwidth and -9 ns of group delay for a wideband code-division multiple-access downlink band, the feedforward amplifier with the proposed topology experimentally achieved 19.4% power-added efficiency and -53.2-dBc adjacent channel leakage ratio with 44-dBm average output power.</P>

Electronic property of Group IV phthalocyanine dimers: SiPcMPc

Kwag, G.,Bae, C.,Kim, S.,Lee, J.J.,Kenney, M.E. Elsevier Sequoia [etc.] 2009 Inorganica chimica acta Vol.362 No.6

A series of Group IV phthalocyanine (Pc) dimers, (n-C<SUB>6</SUB>H<SUB>13</SUB>)<SUB>3</SUB>SiOSiPcOSiPcOSi(n-C<SUB>6</SUB>H<SUB>13</SUB>)<SUB>3</SUB> (SiPcSiPc), (n-C<SUB>6</SUB>H<SUB>13</SUB>)<SUB>3</SUB>SiOSiPcOGePcOSi(n-C<SUB>6</SUB>H<SUB>13</SUB>)<SUB>3</SUB> (SiPcGePc), and (n-C<SUB>6</SUB>H<SUB>13</SUB>)<SUB>3</SUB>SiOSiPcOSnPcOH (SiPcSnPc), was characterized by cyclic voltammetry and DFT calculation. Two oxidations and two reductions were observed for (n-C<SUB>6</SUB>H<SUB>13</SUB>)<SUB>3</SUB>SiOSiPcOSiPcOSi(n-C<SUB>6</SUB>H<SUB>13</SUB>)<SUB>3</SUB> and (n-C<SUB>6</SUB>H<SUB>13</SUB>)<SUB>3</SUB>SiOSiPcOGePcOSi(n-C<SUB>6</SUB>H<SUB>13</SUB>)<SUB>3</SUB>, while there were two oxidations and three reductions for (n-C<SUB>6</SUB>H<SUB>13</SUB>)<SUB>3</SUB>SiOSiPcOSnPcOH. The Pc with a bigger size of the central metal in one part of the dimeric compound is more difficult to be oxidized but it is easier to be reduced at the same time: i.e., both oxidation and reduction potentials showed a positive shift with the increase of the size of the central metal atom. Density functional theory was used to optimize the structures of the Pc dimers and to understand the electrochemical properties. The optimized structures of HOSiPcOSiPcOH, HOSiPcOGePcOH and HOSiPcOSnPcOH as model compounds for SiPcSnPc, SiPcGePc, SiPcSiPc, respectively, show that all the Pc dimers are staggered, the plane-to-plane distances are 3.394, 3.538 and 3.722A, respectively. Tin generates a saddle-type structure of phthalocyanine, but silicon or germanium does not greatly distort the ring structure, and yields a planar ring structure. A large plane-to-plane distance and a high degree of plane distortion yield a red-shift of Q-band, a low ring current, high oxidation and low reduction potentials and high ionization energies.

Rapid, High-Throughput Tracking of Bacterial Motility in 3D via Phase-Contrast Holographic Video Microscopy

Cheong, F.,Wong, C.,Gao, Y.,Nai, M.,Cui, Y.,Park, S.,Kenney, Linda J.,Lim, C. Biophysical Society ; Published for the Biophysica 2015 Biophysical journal Vol.108 No.5

Tracking fast-swimming bacteria in three dimensions can be extremely challenging with current optical techniques and a microscopic approach that can rapidly acquire volumetric information is required. Here, we introduce phase-contrast holographic video microscopy as a solution for the simultaneous tracking of multiple fast moving cells in three dimensions. This technique uses interference patterns formed between the scattered and the incident field to infer the three-dimensional (3D) position and size of bacteria. Using this optical approach, motility dynamics of multiple bacteria in three dimensions, such as speed and turn angles, can be obtained within minutes. We demonstrated the feasibility of this method by effectively tracking multiple bacteria species, including Escherichia coli, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In addition, we combined our fast 3D imaging technique with a microfluidic device to present an example of a drug/chemical assay to study effects on bacterial motility.

The influence of the cluster environment on the star formation efficiency of 12 Virgo spiral galaxies

Vollmer, B.,Wong, O. I.,Braine, J.,Chung, A.,Kenney, J. D. P. Springer-Verlag 2012 Astronomy and astrophysics Vol.543 No.-