CERTAIN GENERALIZED THORN GRAPHS AND THEIR WIENER INDICES

Kathiresan, KM.,Parameswaran, C. The Korean Society for Computational and Applied M 2012 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.30 No.5

If G is any connected graph of order p; then the thorn graph $G_p^*$ with code ($n_1$, $n_2$, ${\cdots}$, $n_p$) is obtained by adding $n_i$ pendent vertices to each $i^{th}$ vertex of G. By treating the pendent edge of a thorn graph as $P_2$, $K_2$, $K_{1,1}$, $K_1{\circ}K_1$ or $P_1{\circ}K_1$, we generalize a thorn graph by replacing $P_2$ by $P_m$, $K_2$ by $K_m$, $K_{1,1}$ by $K_{m,n}$, $K_1{\circ}K_1$ by $K_m{\circ}K_1$ and $P_1{\circ}K_1$ by $P_m{\circ}K_1$ and their respective generalized thorn graphs are denoted by $G_P$, $G_K$, $G_B$, $G_{KK}$ and $G_{PK}$ respectively. Many chemical compounds can be treated as $G_P$, $G_K$, $G_B$, $G_{KK}$ and $G_{PK}$ of some graphs in graph theory. In this paper, we obtain the bounds of the wiener index for these generalization of thorn graphs.

Development of Disposable Immunosensors for Rapid Determination of Sildenafil and Vardenafil in Functional Foods

Kathiresan Vijayaraj,이준혁,김형식,장승철 한국식품위생안전성학회 2017 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.32 No.2

We introduced disposable amperometric immunosensors for the detection of Sildenafil and Vardenafil (SDF/VDF) based on screen printed carbon electrodes. The developed immunosensors were used as a non-competitive sandwich-type enzyme immunoassay with a horseradish peroxidase label. The sensors were constructed on screen printed carbon electrodes by the simple electrochemical deposition of a reduced graphene oxide and chitosan (ErGO-CS) composite. To evaluate the sensing chemistry and optimize the sensor characteristics, a series of electrochemical experiments were carried out including electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and amperometry. The sensors showed a linear response to SDF/VDF concentrations in a range from 100 pg/mL to 300 ng/mL. The lower detection limit was calculated to be 55 pg/mL, the sensitivity was calculated to be 1.02 μAng/ mL/cm2, and the sensor performance exhibited good reproducibility with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 7.1%. The proposed sensing chemistry strategy and the sensor format can be used as a simple, cost-effective, and feasible method for the in-field analysis of SDF/VDF in functional or health supplement food samples.

Development of Disposable Immunosensors for Rapid Determination of Sildenafil and Vardenafil in Functional Foods

Vijayaraj, Kathiresan,Lee, Jun Hyuck,Kim, Hyung Sik,Chang, Seung-Cheol The Korean Society of Food Hygiene and Safety 2017 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.32 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 screen printed 탄소계 전극에 기반하여 기능성 식품중에 포함된 소량의 Sildenafil과 Vardenafil(SDF 및 VDF)을 쉽게 검출하기 위한 전류계 면역센서를 개발하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서 개발한 면역센서는 horseradish peroxidase로 labeling 시킨 후 비경쟁적 샌드위치 ELISA 측정법에 의한 원리를 이용하였다. 개발된 센서는 그래핀 산화물 및 키토산(ErGO-CS) 복합체를 단순한 전기화학적 증착에 의해 screen printed 탄소계 전극을 이용하는 원리이며, 감지된 화학물질을 평가하고 센서특성을 최적화하기 위해 전기 화학적 임피던스분광법, 순환 전압 전류법 등을 포함한 일련의 전기화학적 실험방법에 기초하여 완성되었다. 본 연구에서 개발된 센서는 100 pg/mL ~ 300 ng/mL 농도의 SDF 및 VDF에 대하여 직선상의 농도-의존적인 반응을 나타내었다. 또한 최저 검출 한계는 55 pg/mL이었으며, 센서의 민감도는 $1.02{\mu}Ang/mL/cm^2$로 산출되었다. 센서의 성능은 7.1%의 상대 표준편차로 매우 우수한 재현성을 나타내었다. 본 연구에서 개발된 센서의 전략적 가치는 향후 건강기능식품중에 함유된 SDF 및 VDF과 같은 의약품의 미량을 현장에서 쉽게 분석 할 수 있어서 비용-효과적 측면에서 그 가치가 우수하다는 것을 제시한다. We introduced disposable amperometric immunosensors for the detection of Sildenafil and Vardenafil (SDF/VDF) based on screen printed carbon electrodes. The developed immunosensors were used as a non-competitive sandwich-type enzyme immunoassay with a horseradish peroxidase label. The sensors were constructed on screen printed carbon electrodes by the simple electrochemical deposition of a reduced graphene oxide and chitosan (ErGO-CS) composite. To evaluate the sensing chemistry and optimize the sensor characteristics, a series of electrochemical experiments were carried out including electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and amperometry. The sensors showed a linear response to SDF/VDF concentrations in a range from 100 pg/mL to 300 ng/mL. The lower detection limit was calculated to be 55 pg/mL, the sensitivity was calculated to be $1.02{\mu}Ang/mL/cm^2$, and the sensor performance exhibited good reproducibility with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 7.1%. The proposed sensing chemistry strategy and the sensor format can be used as a simple, cost-effective, and feasible method for the in-field analysis of SDF/VDF in functional or health supplement food samples.

CERTAIN GENERALIZED THORN GRAPHS AND THEIR WIENER INDICES

KM. Kathiresan,C. Parameswaran 한국전산응용수학회 2012 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.30 No.5

If G is any connected graph of order p; then the thorn graph G∗p with code (n1, n2, ... , np) is obtained by adding ni pendent vertices to each ith vertex of G: By treating the pendent edge of a thorn graph as P2, K2, K1, 1, K1 ◦K1 or P1 ◦K1, we generalize a thorn graph by replacing P2 by Pm, K2 by Km, K1, 1 by Km, n, K1 ◦ K1 by Km ◦ K1 and P1 ◦ K1by Pm ◦ K1 and their respective generalized thorn graphs are denoted by GP ;GK;GB;GKK and GPK respectively. Many chemical compounds can be treated as GP, GK, GB, GKK and GPK of some graphs in graph theory. In this paper, we obtain the bounds of the wiener index for these generalization of thorn graphs.

One-step construction of a molybdenum disulfide/multi-walled carbon nanotubes/polypyrrole nanocomposite biosensor for the <i>ex-vivo</i> detection of dopamine in mouse brain tissue

Vijayaraj, Kathiresan,Dinakaran, Thirumalai,Lee, Yujeong,Kim, Suhkmann,Kim, Hyung Sik,Lee, Jaewon,Chang, Seung-Cheol Elsevier 2017 Biochemical and biophysical research communication Vol. No.

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We developed a new strategy for construction of a biosensor for the neurotransmitter dopamine. The biosensor was constructed by one-step electrochemical deposition of a nanocomposite in aqueous solution at pH 7.0, consisting of molybdenum disulfide, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and polypyrrole. A series of analytical methods was performed to investigate the surface characteristics and the improved electrocatalytic effect of the nanocomposite, including cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The constructed biosensor showed high sensitivity (1.130 μAμM<SUP>−1</SUP>cm<SUP>−2</SUP>) with a dynamic linearity range of 25–1000 nM and a detection limit of 10 nM. Additionally, the designed sensor exhibited strong anti-interference ability and satisfactory reproducibility. The practical application of the sensor was manifested for the <I>ex vivo</I> determination of dopamine neurotransmitters using brain tissue samples of a mouse Parkinson's disease model.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Ex vivo dopamine detection in mouse brain tissues of Parkinson's disease model. </LI> <LI> Nanocomposite constructed by one-step electrochemical approach. </LI> <LI> The synergetic performance enhancement of the sensor by nanocomposite. </LI> </UL> </P>

Protective Effects of [6]-Paradol on Histological Lesions and Immunohistochemical Gene Expression in DMBA Induced Hamster Buccal Pouch Carcinogenesis

Mariadoss, Arokia Vijayaanand,Kathiresan, Suresh,Muthusamy, Rajasekar,Kathiresan, Sivakumar Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.5

Background: The search for naturally occurring agents in routinely consumed foods that may inhibit cancer development is of high priority. [6]-Paradol is a pungent phenolic bioactive component from ginger with welldocumented health promoting antioxidant, antimutagenic, antigenotoxic and anti-inflammatory properties. However, anticarcinogenic effects have yet to be fully explored. The objectives of the present study were therefore to assess protective effects against 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) induced buccal pouch carcinogenesis in male golden Syrian hamsters. Methods: Oral squamous cell carcinomas developed in the left buccal pouch of hamsters on painting with 0.5% of DMBA, three times in a week. To assess the apoptotic associated gene expressing potential of [6]-paradol, it was orally administered to DMBA treated hamsters on alternate days from DMBA painting for 14 weeks. Results: We observed 100% tumor formation with marked levels of neoplastic changes and altered the expression of apoptotic associated gene (p53, bcl-2, caspase-3 and TNF-${\alpha}$) was observed in the DMBA alone painted hamsters as compared to control hamsters. Oral administration of [6]-paradol at a dose of 30 mg/kg b.wt to DMBA treated animals on alternative days for 14 weeks significantly reduced the neoplastic changes and improved the status of apoptosis associated gene expression. Conclusion: These observations confirmed that [6]-paradol acts as a tumor suppressing agent against DMBA induced oral carcinogenesis. We also conclude that [6]-paradol also effectively enhances apoptosis- associated gene expression in DMBA treated animals.

Techniques, challenges and future prospects for cell-based meat

Anmariya Benny,Kathiresan Pandi,Rituja Upadhyay 한국식품과학회 2022 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.31 No.10

In response to a growing population and rising food demand, the food industry has come up with a wide array of alterations, innovations, and possibilities for making meat in vitro. In addition to revolutionizing the meat industry, this advancement also has profound effects on the environment, health, and welfare of animals. Thus, rather than using slaughtered animals, animal cells are employed to generate cell-based meat, with the cells' proliferation and differentiation taking place in the culture environment. The primary goal of this paper is to examine the overall mechanism and numerous approaches involved in the creation of cell-based meat. It also covers upcoming issues like technical, consumer, and regulatory issues, environmental concerns, the economy, cost of the product, health and safety concerns, and ethical, religious, and societal taboos. Finally, it assesses the future prospects of cell-based meat production.

Electrochemical reactive oxygen species detection by cytochrome <i>c</i> immobilized with vertically aligned and electrochemically reduced graphene oxide on a glassy carbon electrode

Thirumalai, Dinakaran,Kathiresan, Vijayaraj,Lee, Jaewon,Jin, Sung-Ho,Chang, Seung-Cheol Royal Society of Chemistry 2017 The Analyst Vol.142 No.23

<P>A new amperometric biosensor for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anion (SO) has been developed. The biosensor developed uses cytochrome <I>c</I> (Cyt <I>c</I>) modified glassy carbon electrodes coupled with electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ErGO). To immobilize Cyt <I>c</I>, the “one step” electrochemical deposition of vertically aligned and ErGO (VAErGO) has been performed by using a pulse reverse technique, thus resulting in a very simple and efficient system. The well-established vertical alignment of ErGO was confirmed by atomic force microscopy and the electrochemical characteristics of the biosensor were investigated by cyclic voltammetric, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and amperometric techniques. The surface coverage (<I>Γ</I>) of immobilized Cyt <I>c</I> was effectively increased by the vertical alignment of ErGO and found to be 1.03 × 10<SUP>−10</SUP> mol cm<SUP>−2</SUP>. The direct electron transfer property of Cyt <I>c</I> was also improved by VAErGO and the heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant (<I>k</I>et) was estimated to be 6.40 s<SUP>−1</SUP>. To detect H2O2 and SO, amperometric measurements were carried out at different operating potentials (0.0 V <I>vs.</I> Ag/AgCl for H2O2 and +0.2 V for SO). The sensitivity and detection limit for H2O2 were found to be 46.3 μA mM<SUP>−1</SUP> cm<SUP>−2</SUP> and 2.3 μM, and for SO were found to be 32.1 μM nA<SUP>−1</SUP> cm<SUP>−2</SUP> and 6.84 nM s<SUP>−1</SUP>, respectively. Additionally, the designed biosensor exhibited strong anti-interference ability and satisfactory reproducibility.</P>

Optimization and analysis of microstructural friction stir welded AA5083 grade aluminium alloy

P. Muthurasu,M. Kathiresan 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2021 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.22 No.6

The present work is the novel approach to optimize the friction stir welding process of aluminium AA5083 alloy by utilizingTaguchi L9 orthogonal array technique. The present work also investigated the mechanical and metallurgical characteristicsof the weld joint. The present work involved three input friction stir welding parameters that were varied in the investigationunder the Taguchi L9 orthogonal array experimental methodology. The experimental methodology was utilized to predict theoptimal input parameters to obtain peak tensile strength and hardness values of the welded joint and the signal to noise (S/N) ratio and results of the Analysis of variance (ANOVA) were also investigated. The optimal tool rotational speed, weldingspeed and tool tilt angle were 560 rpm, 60 mm/minute and 1 degree respectively for the peak joint tensile strength and 560rpm, 80 mm/minute and 1 degree for peak joint hardness. The results from ANOVA indicated that the highest influencinginput factor of the weld joint was tool tilt angle followed by the welding speed and tool rotational speed. Metallurgical analysisof the joint revealed fine grain structure within the stir zone which directly resulted in the enhancement of the weld jointproperties.

Metal-organic and porous organic framework in electrocatalytic water splitting

Sivalingam Gopi,Murugavel Kathiresan,Kyusik Yun 한국공업화학회 2023 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.126 No.-

The use of hydrogen as a clean and sustainable energy carrier is a desirable alternative to the use of fossilfuels. It is strongly anticipated that the development of superior electrocatalysts for boosting these processeswill reduce their overpotentials and increase the accessibility of their practical applications. Metalorganicframeworks (MOFs) and Porous organic polymers (POPs) are gaining popularity as nonpreciousalternatives to drive global water splitting due to their adaptable compositions, exceptional porosities,and ultrahigh surface areas. The use of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) for electrochemical watersplitting has advanced rapidly in recent years. This article highlights the most significant findings fromrecent studies on designing advanced MOFs for enhancing electrochemical water splitting. Electrocatalysts based on metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and Porous organic polymers (POPs) getspecial consideration with regard to their structure–property relationships, production methods, anddesign principles. We anticipate that this study will be a valuable tool for advancing the developmentof MOF and POP-based electrocatalysts towards usable water splitting and will also offer insights intopotential future energy technologies beyond water electrolysis.