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Latitude and Altitude Affects the Distribution and Population Features of Osmia spp. in Korea
곽규원,이영보,Kathannan Sankar,Su Jin Lee,이경용 한국잠사학회 2024 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.48 No.1
Reports of a global decline in pollinator populations, especially mason bees, have raised concerns regarding the maintenance of pollination interactions. Although addressing local factors causing bee decline is a potential mitigation strategy at the landscape scale, regional rates and high-latitude threats to bee diversity are unclear. We investigated the distribution of mason bees (Osmia. spp. (O. pedicornis, O. corniforns, O. taurus, and O. satoi) and measured species richness and species ratios at regional, latitudinal, and altitudinal scales. We examined the association between bee species richness and three putative environmental conditions: high-low, altitude-dependent, and latitude-dependent. The species richness of the O. pedicornis bee was the highest and it was found between latitudes 35° and 37°, and at 500–600 m in both the northern and southern hemispheres, showing an inverse latitudinal gradient of bee species richness in South Korea. Mason bee species richness and global climate are important predictors of flowering plant diversity. Climate change threatens bee and vascular plant diversity; however, the overlap between bee abundance and plant diversity can be improved by employing suitable conservation strategies.
Kyeong Yong Lee,Sankar Kathannan,Young Bo Lee,Hyung Joo Yoon 한국양봉학회 2022 韓國養蜂學會誌 Vol.37 No.4
Bee traffic at the hive entrance can be used as an important indicator of foraging activity. We investigated the flight speed and patterns of honeybees and bumblebees near their hives as a basis for calculating bee traffic using the image deep learning. The flying speed of bumblebees (0.48±0.36 m/s) near the hive was 1.4 times faster than that of honeybees (0.35±0.21 m/s). The flight speed of honeybee leaving the hive (0.54±0.33 m/s) was 1.7 times faster than that when entering the beehive (0.32±0.18 m/s). Distance from the hive and flight speed showed a positive correlation (honeybee r=0.600, bumblebee 0.659), and a significant linear regression model was derived (honeybee R2=0.516, bumblebee 0.433). The flight pattern near the hive differed significantly according to bee at entering and leaving the hive. Honeybees mainly showed flight that changed flight direction more than once (69.5%), whereas bumblebees mainly performed straight flight (48.7%) or had a single turn (36.5%) in flight. When bees entered the hive, honeybees primarily showed one-turn or two-turn flight patterns (88.5%), and bumblebees showed a one-turn flight pattern (48.0%). In contrast, when leaving the hive, honeybees primarily showed a straight flight pattern (63.0%), and bumblebees primarily showed a straight or one-turn pattern (90.5%). There was a significant difference in flight speed according to the flight pattern. The speed of straight flight (0.89±0.47 m/s) was 1.5 to 2.1 times faster than flight where direction changed. In summary, the speed and pattern of bees returning to or leaving the hive were different to from to the hive, and there were also differences between bee species. Therefore, our results can help determine the ideal frame rate for effectively capturing and recognizing the flying image of bees when calculating bee traffic by image deep learning.
Vellingiri, B.,Shanmugam, S.,Subramaniam, M.D.,Balasubramanian, B.,Meyyazhagan, A.,Alagamuthu, K.,Prakash, V.,Shafiahammedkhan, M.,Kathannan, S.,Pappuswamy, M.,Raviganesh, B.,Anand, S.,Shahnaz N, D.,C Academic Press 2014 Ecotoxicology and environmental safety Vol.100 No.-
Ionizing radiation (IR) is known as a classical mutagen capable of inducing various kinds of stable and unstable chromosomal aberrations (CA) including the possibility of increasing the incidence of DNA damage. This study aims to assess occupationally induced CA in workers chronically exposed to low doses of IR in Radiology (RL), Cardiology (CL) and Orthopedic (OL) Laboratories in hospitals of Tamil Nadu. We performed the analysis of CA by trypsin G-banding, micronucleus (MN) assay, Comet assay and Xenobiotic-metabolizing gene polymorphisms (GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1) in 56 exposed and 56 control subjects who were matched for gender and age (+/-2 years). Higher degree of CA and MN frequencies were observed in exposed groups, especially in CL subjects compared to other exposed groups and controls (p<0.05). Higher frequency of DNA tail length and tail moment was observed in the CL exposed subjects compared to the RL and OL subjects. The frequencies of GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes were 39.3 percent and 14.3 percent, respectively. No significant difference in allele frequencies between exposed subjects and controls were observed (p=0.0128). Using multiple linear regression analysis, statistical significance was determined for work duration and age for the CL, RL and OL workers and the examination of the possible impact by confounding factors showed few significant influences on the radiation exposure, as a specific biomarker. However, the findings from the present study suggest that, awareness should be created among the personnel exposed to radiations in hospital laboratories, highlighting the necessity of applying radiation protection principles against medical radiation exposure.