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Wu, M.J.,Shin, D.H.,Kim, M.Y.,Park, C.G.,Kim, Y.D.,Lee, J.,Park, I.K.,Choi, S.,So, I.,Park, J.S.,Jun, J.Y. North-Holland ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2015 european journal of pharmacology Vol.754 No.-
<P>We investigated the presence of beta(3)-adrenoceptor and its functional effects on pacemaker potentials in colonic interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) from mice. The whole cell patch clamp technique was used to record pacemaker potentials in cultured ICCs and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to detect the mRNA transcript levels beta-adrenoceptors. The beta(3)-adrenoceptor agonist, BRL37344, reduced the frequency of pacemaker potentials in a Concentration dependent manner. The inhibitory effects of BRL37344 wore blocked by the pretreatment of propranolol, a nonspecific beta-adrenoceptor antagonist, but not by the selective beta(1)-adrenoceptor antagonist atenolol and the selective beta(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist butoxamine. beta(3)-adrenocepto antagonists SR59230A and L748337 blocked the inhibitory effects of BRL37344. RT-PCR revealed mRNA transcripts of beta(1)- and beta(3)-adrenoceptor, but not beta(2)-adrenoceptor, in c-kit- and Ano-1-positive colonic ICCs. The K+ channel blockers tetraethylammoniu, apamin, and glibenclamide did not block the effects of BRL37344. N-omega-Nitio-L-arginiue methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME), an NO synthase inhibitor, and chelerythrine, a protein Kinase C inhibitor, also did not block the effects of BRL37344. Noradrenaline mimicked the effects of BRL37344 in colonic ICCs. However, the inhibitory effects of noradrenaline on pacemaker potentials were blocked only by pretreatment with atenolol but not by butoxamine, SR59230A, or L748337 in small intestinal ICCs, BRL37344 had no effect On pacemaker potentials and mRNA transcripts of beta(1)-and beta(2)-adrenoceptor, but not beta(3)-adrenoceptor were detected. These results suggest that beta(3)-adrenoceptors are present in colonic ICCs and may play a role in regulating gastrointestinal motility by the inhibition or pacemaker potentials. (C) 2015 Elsevier By. All rights reserved.</P>
Watanabe, H.,Zhang, G.X.,Yoshida, K.,Walker, P.M.,Liu, J.J.,Wu, J.,Regan, P.H.,Soderstrom, P.A.,Kanaoka, H.,Korkulu, Z.,Lee, P.S.,Nishimura, S.,Yagi, A.,Ahn, D.S.,Alharbi, T.,Baba, H.,Browne, F.,Bruce North-Holland Pub. Co 2016 Physics letters. Section B Vol.760 No.-
The level structure of <SUP>172</SUP>Dy has been investigated for the first time by means of decay spectroscopy following in-flight fission of a <SUP>238</SUP>U beam. A long-lived isomeric state with T<SUB>½</SUB>=0.71(5) s and K<SUP>π</SUP>=8<SUP>-</SUP> has been identified at 1278 keV, which decays to the ground-state and γ-vibrational bands through hindered electromagnetic transitions, as well as to the daughter nucleus <SUP>172</SUP>Ho via allowed β decays. The robust nature of the K<SUP>π</SUP>=8<SUP>-</SUP> isomer and the ground-state rotational band reveals an axially-symmetric structure for this nucleus. Meanwhile, the γ-vibrational levels have been identified at unusually low excitation energy compared to the neighboring well-deformed nuclei, indicating the significance of the microscopic effect on the non-axial collectivity in this doubly mid-shell region. The underlying mechanism of enhanced γ vibration is discussed in comparison with the deformed Quasiparticle Random-Phase Approximation based on a Skyrme energy-density functional.
Computer-aided diagnosis using morphological features for classifying breast lesions on ultrasound
Huang, Y.-L.,Chen, D.-R.,Jiang, Y.-R.,Kuo, S.-J.,Wu, H.-K.,Moon, W. K. John Wiley Sons, Ltd. 2008 Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology Vol.32 No.4
<B>Objectives</B><P>To develop and evaluate a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system with automatic contouring and morphological analysis to aid in the classification of breast tumors using ultrasound.</P><B>Methods</B><P>We evaluated 118 breast lesions (34 malignant and 84 benign tumors). Each tumor contour was automatically extracted from the digitized ultrasound image. Nineteen practical morphological features from the extracted contour were calculated and principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to find independent features. A support vector machine (SVM) classifier utilized the selected principal vectors to identify the breast tumor as benign or malignant. In this study, all the cases were sampled with k-fold cross-validation (k = 10) to evaluate the performance by receiver–operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis.</P><B>Results</B><P>The areas under the ROC curves for the proposed CAD systems using all morphological features and the lower-dimensional principal vector were 0.91 and 0.90, respectively. The classification ability for breast tumors using morphological information was good.</P><B>Conclusions</B><P>This system differentiates benign from malignant breast tumors well and therefore provides a clinically useful second opinion. Moreover, the morphological features are nearly setting-independent and thus available to various ultrasound machines. Copyright © 2008 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</P>
Scalable CGeSbTe-based phase change memory devices employing U-shaped cells
Park, J.H.,Kim, J.H.,Ko, D.-H.,Wu, Z.,Ahn, D.H.,Park, S.O.,Hwang, K.H. Elsevier S.A. 2017 Thin Solid Films Vol.634 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Phase change memory (PCM) that is operated on resistance changes caused by joule heating has been suggested as the next-generation memory for scaling since its programming current scales linearly. We propose a U-shaped cell design to further reduce the reset current in PCM devices, which enables easier and more efficient scaling than conventional PCMs. Simulation studies of heat transfer demonstrated that our U-shaped design with a dashed heater has a higher thermal efficiency of 4.97K/μA compared to 3.36K/μA in a lance cell with a ring heater for the same storage node. The reset current can be better scaled proportionate to k<SUP>2.0</SUP> in which the exponent is higher than the lance cell of k<SUP>1.5</SUP> in non-isotropic scaling. This better scalability is attributed to the small programming volume of the U-shaped cell, which was verified by transmission electron microscopy analysis. Furthermore, the cyclic endurance of the U-shaped cell was enhanced by 1 order of magnitude compared to a lance cell and the thinner CGeSbTe films reduced the reset current further. Our results show that a U-shaped cell is a highly promising design to scale reset current in next-generation PCM devices.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> U-shaped cell is a promising cell design to scale phase change memory. </LI> <LI> U-shaped cell with dashed heater is more thermally efficient than lance cell with ring heater. </LI> <LI> Thinner CGeSbTe layer can reduce the reset current further. </LI> </UL> </P>
Remoteness and distance eigenvalues of a graph
Lin, H.,Das, K.Ch.,Wu, B. North Holland ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2016 Discrete Applied Mathematics Vol.215 No.-
<P>Let G be a connected graph of order n with diameter d. Remoteness rho of G is the maximum average distance from a vertex to all others and partial derivative(1) >= ... >= partial derivative(n) are the distance eigenvalues of G. Aouchiche and Hansen (0000), Aouchiche and Hansen conjectured that rho + partial derivative(3) > 0 when d >= 3 and rho + partial derivative(left perpendicular7d//right perpendicular) > 0. In this paper, we confirm these two conjectures. Furthermore, we give lower bounds on partial derivative(n) + rho and partial derivative(1) - rho when G not congruent to K-n and the extremal graphs are characterized. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>