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Heterosis Effects on Jumping Height and Body Weight in Three-Way Rotational Crossing in Mice
Kurnianto, E.,Shinjo, A.,Suga, D.,Nakada, T.,Sunagawa, K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2000 Animal Bioscience Vol.13 No.10
The three-way rotational crossing experiment has been conducted to evaluate heterosis effects on jumping height and body weight. Yonakuni wild mice (Y) and two genetic groups of $CF_{{\sharp}1}$ (C) and C3H/HeNCrj (H) laboratory mice were used as materials. Reciprocal rotational crossing was made by crossing C male${\times}$Y female and Y male${\times}$C female to produce basic group designated $G_0$ and ${G_0}^{\prime}$, respectively. The females of the $G_0$ and ${G_0}^{\prime}$ were mated to the H sire to produce second generation ($G_1$ and ${G_1}^{\prime}$), and at the following generation the replacement females were mated to Y or C sire according to the basic group to produce $G_2$ to $G_3$ and ${G_2}^{\prime}$ to ${G_3}^{\prime}$. Individual jumping height data at Wk6 and body weight data at 1 (Wk1), 3 (Wk3), 6 (Wk6) and 10 (Wk10) weeks of age were analyzed. The results showed that effects of genetic group, sex and interaction of genetic group by sex were significant (p<0.01) for jumping height. For males, 55.34%~79.17% and 54.46%~78.29% of heterosis were reached at $G_1$ to $G_3$ and ${G_1}^{\prime}$ to ${G_3}^{\prime}$, respectively. While for females at $G_1$ to $G_3$ and at ${G_1}^{\prime}$ to ${G_3}^{\prime}$, heterosis effects were 61.53%~80.42% and 47.79%~85.86%, respectively. For body weight, genetic group was a significant source of variation at all ages studied. Sex effect was significant at Wk3, Wk6 and Wk10, and interaction between genetic group and sex was significant at Wk6 and Wk10 (p<0.01). C sires resulted in the highest body weight of offspring, while H sires were the intermediate and Y sires were the lightest. The significant positive and negative heterosis effects for body weight were exhibited. Crossing involved the Y sires in addition to smaller maternal effects of Y dams tended to result in small heterosis.
Ribosomal synthesis and folding of peptide-helical aromatic foldamer hybrids
Rogers, Joseph M.,Kwon, Sunbum,Dawson, Simon J.,Mandal, Pradeep K.,Suga, Hiroaki,Huc, Ivan Nature Publishing Group UK 2018 Nature chemistry Vol.10 No.4
Translation, the mRNA-templated synthesis of peptides by the ribosome, can be manipulated to incorporate variants of the 20 cognate amino acids. Such approaches for expanding the range of chemical entities that can be produced by the ribosome may accelerate the discovery of molecules that can perform functions for which poorly folded, short peptidic sequences are ill suited. Here, we show that the ribosome tolerates some artificial helical aromatic oligomers, so-called foldamers. Using a flexible tRNA-acylation ribozyme—flexizyme—foldamers were attached to tRNA, and the resulting acylated tRNAs were delivered to the ribosome to initiate the synthesis of non-cyclic and cyclic foldamer–peptide hybrid molecules. Passing through the ribosome exit tunnel requires the foldamers to unfold. Yet foldamers encode sufficient folding information to influence the peptide structure once translation is completed. We also show that in cyclic hybrids, the foldamer portion can fold into a helix and force the peptide segment to adopt a constrained and stretched conformation.
X-ray Absorption and Photoemission Spectroscopy Study of Nd½A½Mn₁-yCryO₃ (A=Ca, Sr)
J.-S. Kang,J. H. Kim,S. W. Han,K. H. Kim,E. J. Choi,A. Sekiyama,S. Kasai,S. Suga,T. Kimura 한국자기학회 2003 Journal of Magnetics Vol.8 No.4
Valence states and electronic structures of Cr-doped Nd½A½MnO₃ (NAMO; A=Ca, Sr) manganites have been investigated using x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and high-resolution photoemission spectroscopy (PES). All the Cr-doped NAMO systems exhibit the clear metallic Fermi edges in the Mn e_g PES spectra near E_F. The spectral intensity at E_F is higher for Cr-doped Nd½Sr½MnO₃ (NSMO) than for Cr-doped Nd½Ca½MnO₃ (NCMO), reflecting the stronger metallic nature for NSMO than for NCMO. The measured Cr 2p XAS spectra are found to be very similar to that of Cr₂O₃, indicating that Cr ions in Cr-doped NAMO are in the trivalent Cr³+ states (t³_(2g)). The Cr 2p XAS data are consistent with the Cr 3d PES spectra located at ~1.3 eV below EF and having no emission near E_F.