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- 저자 : Rogers, Joseph M. (검색결과 796 건)
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Rogers, Yvonne,Lim, Youn-kyung,Hazlewood, William R.,Marshall, Paul Taylor Francis 2009 Human-computer interaction Vol.24 No.1
<P> Computers designed for single use are often appropriated suboptimally when used by small colocated groups working together. Our research investigates whether shareable interfaces—that are designed for more than one user to interact with-can facilitate more equitable participation in colocated group settings compared with single user displays. We present a conceptual framework that characterizes Shared Information Spaces (SISs) in terms of how they constrain and invite participation using different entry points. An experiment was conducted that compared three different SISs: a physical-digital set-up (least constrained), a multitouch tabletop (medium), and a laptop display (most constrained). Statistical analyses showed there to be little difference in participation levels between the three conditions other than a predictable lack of equity of control over the interface in the laptop condition. However, detailed qualitative analyses revealed more equitable participation took place in the physical-digital condition in terms of verbal utterances over time. Those who spoke the least contributed most to the physical design task. The findings are discussed in relation to the conceptual framework and, more generally, in terms of how to select, design, and combine different display technologies to support collaborative activities.</P>
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Rogers Wainkwa Chia,Jin-Yong Lee,Sungbeen Lee 대한지질학회 2021 대한지질학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.10
From the 1960s when plastic films became accepted and commercially used for crop cultivation, their use globally has expanded widely. As of the end of the year 2020, about 400 million tons of plastic films are produced worldwide. Recently, some studies have shown that the wide utilization of plastic films for mulching enhances crop cultivation and soil quality. Some other studies have gone further to document that the use of black plastic films for mulching is better than transparent plastic mulching for crop cultivation. However, these studies do not show a clear pattern how the use of plastic film of different colors for mulching impacts soil properties such as soil moisture, soil microclimate and controls weed growth. It is necessary to show this clarity. Here, we have selected papers published internationally in the past ten years and reviewed the impact of plastic film use on soil moisture, weed control, and soil microclimate. Presumably, the black plastic film used for mulching increased soil moisture. Plastic film reduced the growth of weeds by 70-100% during crop growth. For the soil microclimate, the use of black and silver mulch reduces soil moisture and increases soil temperature. On the other hand, the use of biodegradable plastic film reduced soil temperature and stabilized the soil moisture to about 60%. Even though these papers show some evidence that plastic film use for mulching improves soil moisture, it is necessary if there are more studies on how soil microplastic varies with depth as some plants have quite a depth rooting system. This research aims to inspire us to properly manage plastic mulching and soil moisture for the benefit of mankind and the environment.
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Zymomonas mobilis for Fuel Ethanol and Higher Value Products.
Rogers, P L,Jeon, Y J,Lee, K J,Lawford, H G SPRINGER VERLAG KG 2007 ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING BIOTECHNOLOGY Vol.108 No.-
<P>High oil prices, increasing focus on renewable carbohydrate-based feedstocks for fuels and chemicals, and the recent publication of its genome sequence, have provided continuing stimulus for studies on Zymomonas mobilis. However, despite its apparent advantages of higher yields and faster specific rates when compared to yeasts, no commercial scale fermentations currently exist which use Z. mobilis for the manufacture of fuel ethanol. This may change with the recent announcement of a Dupont/Broin partnership to develop a process for conversion of lignocellulosic residues, such as corn stover, to fuel ethanol using recombinant strains of Z. mobilis. The research leading to the construction of these strains, and their fermentation characteristics, are described in the present review. The review also addresses opportunities offered by Z. mobilis for higher value products through its metabolic engineering and use of specific high activity enzymes.</P>
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Decoding the spectra of SDSS early-type galaxies: new indicators of age and recent star formation
Rogers, Ben,Ferreras, Ignacio,Lahav, Ofer,Bernardi, Mariangela,Kaviraj, Sugata,Yi, Sukyoung K. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2007 MONTHLY NOTICES- ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY Vol.382 No.2
<P>ABSTRACT</P><P>We apply principal component analysis (PCA) to a sample of early-type galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) in order to infer differences in their star formation histories from their unresolved stellar populations. We select a <I>z</I> < 0.1 volume-limited sample comprising ∼7000 early-type galaxies from SDSS/Data Release 4. Out of the first few principal components (PC), we study four which give information about stellar populations and velocity dispersion. We construct two parameters (η and ζ) as linear combinations of PC1 and PC2. The four components can be presented as ‘optimal filters’ to explore in detail the properties of the underlying stellar populations. By comparing various photospectroscopic observables – including near-ultraviolet (NUV) photometry from Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) – we find ζ to be most sensitive to recent episodes of star formation, and η to be strongly dependent on the average age of the stellar populations. Both η and ζ also depend on metallicity. We apply these optimal filters to composite spectra assembled by Bernardi et al. The distribution of the η component of the composites appear to be indistinguishable between high- and low-density regions, whereas the distribution of ζ parameters have a significant skew towards lower values for galaxies in low-density regions. This result suggests that galaxies in lower density environments are less likely to present weak episodes of recent star formation. In contrast, a significant number of galaxies from our high-density subsample – which includes clusters (both outer regions and centres) and groups – underwent small but detectable recent star formation at high metallicity, in agreement with recent estimates targeting elliptical galaxies in Hickson Compact Groups and in the field.</P>
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Ribosomal synthesis and folding of peptide-helical aromatic foldamer hybrids
Rogers, Joseph M.,Kwon, Sunbum,Dawson, Simon J.,Mandal, Pradeep K.,Suga, Hiroaki,Huc, Ivan Nature Publishing Group UK 2018 Nature chemistry Vol.10 No.4
Translation, the mRNA-templated synthesis of peptides by the ribosome, can be manipulated to incorporate variants of the 20 cognate amino acids. Such approaches for expanding the range of chemical entities that can be produced by the ribosome may accelerate the discovery of molecules that can perform functions for which poorly folded, short peptidic sequences are ill suited. Here, we show that the ribosome tolerates some artificial helical aromatic oligomers, so-called foldamers. Using a flexible tRNA-acylation ribozyme—flexizyme—foldamers were attached to tRNA, and the resulting acylated tRNAs were delivered to the ribosome to initiate the synthesis of non-cyclic and cyclic foldamer–peptide hybrid molecules. Passing through the ribosome exit tunnel requires the foldamers to unfold. Yet foldamers encode sufficient folding information to influence the peptide structure once translation is completed. We also show that in cyclic hybrids, the foldamer portion can fold into a helix and force the peptide segment to adopt a constrained and stretched conformation.
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Effects of land use change on soil moisture content at different soil depths
Rogers Wainkwa Chia,이진용,장지욱,이성빈 대한지질학회 2022 지질학회지 Vol.58 No.1
Land use is a paramount human-induced change that has redesigned the world's surface since the beginning of civilization. With the worldwide population increment in the last decade, a lot of natural forests have been converted into croplands, which damage soil properties. Over time, some of these established croplands have been transformed into forest plantations to reduce damages to soil properties. Nowadays, scientists are interested on how these land use changes affect soil moisture. Although many studies have been documented in this area, they have not critically studied how soil moisture varies with soil depth between different land use types. In this review, we discuss soil moisture variability with depth in a natural forest, mono- and mixed-croplands, orchard, and mono- and mixed- forest plantations. We observed that the shift in land use from a natural forest into either a mono cropland resulted in the reduction of soil moisture at the topsoil layers, or the establishment of a mixed cropland resulted in high soil moisture at the topsoil layers and the increment and decrease of soil moisture with depth. However, the conversion of cropland to a mono forest or orchard caused soil moisture to decrease with the depth from the top soil layer (0-20 cm) to the inner soil layer (0-40 cm). After the conversion of cropland into a mixed forest, the soil moisture decline was severe in the deeper soil layer of 30-90 cm. This information will be useful in understanding soil moisture, which is essential for the management of environmental soil water.
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