조사료 자원의 단백질 분획 및 Buffer 추출이 In Vitro 발효 성상, 분해율 및 Gas 생성량에 미치는 효과

김광림(Guang Lin Jin),Judder Shinekhuu,Wei-ze Qin,김종규(Jong Kyu Kim),주종관(Jong Kwan Ju),서성원(Seong-won Suh),송만강(Man Kang Song) 한국초지조사료학회 2012 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.32 No.1

Buffer solubility and protein fractionation were evaluated from the hays (timothy, alfalfa and klein) and straws (tall fescue and rice), and in vitro trial was conducted to examine the effect of buffer extraction on fermentation characteristics, degradability and gas (CO₂ and CH₄) production. Buffer soluble protein (SP) content and A fraction in total protein were highest in alfalfa hay as 61% and 41.77%, respectively while lowest in rice straw (42.8% and 19.78%, respectively). No difference was observed in B1 fraction among forages but B2 fraction was slightly increased in klein hay (12.34%) and tall fescue straw (10.05%) compared with other forages (6.34~8.85%). B3 fraction of tall fescue was highest as 38.49% without difference among other forages while C fraction was highest in rice straw. pH in incubation solution was higher in all forages after extraction than before extraction at 3h (P<0.01) and 6h (P<0.05), and pH from hays of timothy and alfalfa was higher than the other forages at 6h (P<0.05) and 12h (P<0.001). Regardless of extraction, ammonia-N concentration from alfalfa hay was increased at all incubation times and extraction effect was appeared only at 3h incubation time (P<0.01). Total VFA concentration from alfalfa hay was highest up to 24h incubation while those from tall fescue straw and rice straw were lowest. Buffer extraction decreased (P<0.01~P<0.001) the total VFA concentration. Acetic acid proportion was increased (P<0.001) before extraction of forages but no difference was found between forages. Propionic acid(C3) proportion was also increased(P<0.001) before extraction in all forages than in straws at 3h, 24h and 48h incubations, and C₃ from hays were mostly higher (P<0.05) than from straws. Butyric acid proportion, however, was not affected by extraction at most incubation times. Parameter 'a' regarding to the dry matter (DM) degradation was increase (P<0.001) in all forages before extraction, and was decreased (P<0.05) in tall fescue straw and rice straw compared with hays. Parameter 'b' was also increased (P<0.001) before extraction but no difference was found between forages. Effective degradability of DM (EDDM) was higher (P<0.001) before extraction in most forages except for rice straw. Buffer extraction decreased (P<0.05) all parameters (a, b, and c) regrading to the crude protein (CP) degradation but no difference was found between forages. Effective degradation of CP (EDCP) was lower (P<0.05) in straws than in hays. Parameters 'a' and 'b' regarding to the NDF degradation (P<0.01) and effective degradability of NDF (EDNDF, P<0.001) were also higher in forages before extraction than after extraction but no difference was found between forages. Buffer extraction reduced (P<0.05~P<0.001) CO₂ production from all the forages uo to 24h incubation and its production was greater (P<0.05~P<0.01) from hays than straws. Methane (CH₄) production was also greater (P<0.01~P<0.001) in all forages at all incubation times, and its production was greater (P<0.05) from hays than from straws at most incubation times. Based on the results of the current study, it can be concluded that buffer solubility and CP fractionation might be closely related with in vitro VFA concentration, degradability and gas (CO₂ and CH₄) production. Thus, measurement of buffer solubility and protein fractionation of forages might be useful to improve TMR availability in the ruminants.

모넨신 첨가 수준이 반추위 미생물에 의한 발효성상, 메탄발생량 및 건물 분해율에 미치는 영향

Guang-Lin, Jin,지병주,Xiang-Zi, Li,Judder Shinekhuu,송만강 충북대학교 동물생명과학연구소 2008 동물생명과학연구 Vol.1 No.-

본 시험은 조사료와 농후사료의 비율 및 모넨신 첨가량이 반추위 미생물의 건물 분해율, 메탄 발생량 및 배양액의 발효성상에 미치는 영향을 평가하고자 in vitro 방법으로 실시되었다. 첨가사료의 조사료 및 농후사료의 비율은 각각 8:2, 5:5 및 2:8 로 하였으며, 모넨신의 첨가량은 0, 10, 30 및 50ppm/150ml의 수준으로 하였다. 배양액은 100ml의 반추위액과 50ml의 인공타액을 혼합하여 총 150ml로 배양하였다. 여기에 기질과 모넨신을 첨가하여 39℃에서 24시간동안 혐기적으로 배양하였다. 24시간 배양하였을 때, 건물 분해율은 농후사료 첨가수준이 증가됨에 따라 증가하였으나(P<0.001), 각 농후사료와 조사료의 첨가수준 내에서는 모넨신 첨가 및 첨가수준이 건물분해에는 영향하지 않았다. 배양 시작 3시간 후 부터 배양액 내의 pH는 농후사료 첨가수준이 증가함에 따라 뚜렷하게 낮아졌다 (P<0.001). 배양 6시간 경과하였을 때, 모넨신 첨가량이 증가됨에 따라 배양액의 pH는 증가되었다 (P<0.05). 총가스 발생량은 농후사료 첨가수준이 증가될수록 많아졌으며 (P<0.001), 이러한 현상은 전체배양기간 동안 동일하였다 (P<0.01). 메탄발생량은 총 가스 발생량과 비슷한 경향이었는데, 배양 후 9시간 경과하였을 때부터는 모넨신 첨가량이 많은 처리구에서의 메탄발생량이 현저하게 감소되었다 (P<0.01). An in vitro study was conducted to examine the effect of addition level of monensin on fermentation characteristics, methane production and dry matter degradability by mixed rumen microbes. Four levels(0ppm, 10ppm, 30ppm and 50ppm, w/v) of the monensin were added to the mixed solution of strained rumen fluid with artificial saliva(2:1, v/v) and 1,5g substrate (mixture of 80% concentrate and 20% forage) in nylon bag was placed in 150ml incubation solution, and incubated anaerobically for 24hours at 39℃. pH in incubation solution increased up to 1h incubation but decreased with incubation time thereafter for all the treatments. Ammonia-N concentration increased with time for all the treatments. However, pH and ammonia concentration were not influenced by added monensin levels. Total VFA concentration increased (P<0.01) with the decreasing monensin level at 3 and 6h incubations, although there was no significant difference between treatments at 24h incubations. The propionate proportion increased (P<0.05), but acetate and butyrate decreased (P<0.01) with monensin at 3 and 6h incubations. C₂2/C₃ ratio was decreased (P<0.05) by increasing the monensin levels at 3 and 6h incubations. The methane production decreased (P<0.05) as the monensin levels increased at 24h incubations. Dry matter degradation of the substrate was not affected by the monensin addition.

소에 의한 다양한 사일리지의 이용율 및 TDN 평가

지병주(Byung Ju Ji),김광림(Guang Lin Jin),Judder Shinekhuu,Wei-ze Qin,오영균(Young Kyoon Oh),손용석(Yong-Suk Sohn),서성(Sung Seo),송만강(Man Kang Song) 한국초지조사료학회 2010 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.30 No.2

본 시험은 국내에서 생산되어 곤포형태로 포장된 청보리 사일리지, 호밀 사일리지, 이탈리안 라이그라스 사일리지 및 수단그라스 (수수 × 수단그라스 교잡종) 사일리지의 반추위 내 발효특성과 분해율 및 전장소화율과 TDN을 평가하기 위해 반추위 누관이 장착된 소 4두를 대상으로 실시되었다. 사일리지가 반추위액의 pH에 거의 영향하지는 않았으나 사일리지 급여 후 3시간에서 다른 종류의 사일리지를 섭취한 경우와 비교할 때 수단그라스 사일리지를 섭취한 소의 반추위액의 암모니아 농도가 7.28㎎/100 ml로 가장 낮았다 (p<0.049). Acetate 조성 비율은 다른 종류의 사일리지에 비해 수단그라스 사일리지 급여 1시간 (p<0.018), 3시간 (p<0.004) 및 6시간 (p<0.019) 후에 채취한 반추위액에서 높은 수준을 보였으며, propionate 조성 비율은 사일리지 급여 후 6시간까지 호밀사일리지와 청보리 사일리지를 섭취한 소에서 높은 (p<0.001~p<0.042) 반면 수단그라스 사일리지를 섭취한 소에서 가장 낮았다. Butyrate 조성 비율은 사일리지 급여 후 대부분의 반추위액 채취 시간 (1~6시간)에 걸쳐 청보리 사일리지를 섭취한 소에서 가장 낮은 (p<0.007~p<0.027) 것으로 나타났다. 반추위 내 건물의 유효분해율은 호밀 사일리지에서 59.64%로 가장 높았으며, 그 다음으로 청보리 사일리지 (56.12%) 및 이탈리안 라이그라스 사일리지 (55.64%)에서 높았고 수단그라스 사일리지의 유효분해율이 54.02%로 가장 낮았다 (p<0.048). 이러한 경향은 조단백질 (p<0.014) 및 유기물 (p<0.039)의 유효분해율에서도 비슷한 것으로 조사되었다. 수단그라스 사일리지 내 건물 (p<0.032), NDF (p<0.034) 및 유기물 (p<0.041)의 전장소화율은 다른 종류의 사일리지에 비하여 현저히 낮았으나 다른 세 종류의 사일리지 간에는 차이가 없었다. 전장소화율을 이용하여 산출된 TDN 값은 호밀 사일리지가 61.1%로 가장 높았으며 (p<0.001), 청보리 사일리지, 이탈리안 라이그라스 사일리지 및 수단그라스 사일리지의 TDN 값은 각각 57.1, 57.9 및 50.7%인 것으로 조사되었다. 이상의 결과로 미루어보아 국내에서 생산, 이용되고 있는 사료작물사일리지의 성분이 VFA 조성 비율 및 소화율에 영향하는 것으로 보이며, 특히 사일리지의 NDF 함량이 소화율에 기초를 둔 TDN 값에 크게 영향하는 것으로 여겨진다. The present study was conducted with four ruminally fistulated cattle to examine the fermentation characteristics and effective degradability (ED) in the rumen, and whole tract digestibility and TDN values of various silages (whole crop rye, RS; whole crop barley, BS; Italian ryegrass, IRGS and sudangrass, SGS) which were produced in Korea. The pH of rumen fluid were not greatly affected by silage at most times after feeding but SGS decreased (p<0.049) the ruminal ammonia-N concentration as 7.28 ㎎/100 ml at 3h after feeding compared to other silages. An acetate proportion from SGS feeding was higher at 1h (p<0.018), 3h (p<0.004) and 6h (p<0.019) after feeding than those from other silages. The propionate (C₂) proportion, however, was greater (p<0.001∼p<0.042) for the RS and BS than the corresponding values of other silages up to 6h after feeding while the lowest C2 proportion was observed from SGS. The butyrate proportion was lowest (p<0.007∼p<0.027) in the cattle fed BS at 1∼6h after feeding among silages. An ED of dry matter (DM) in the rumen was highest (P<0.048) for RS as 59.64%, and was reduced in the order of BS (56.12%), IRGS (55.64%) and SGS (54.02%). Similar tendency was observed in the EDs of crude protein (p<0.014) and organic matter (OM, p<0.039). The whole tract digestibility of DM (p<0.032), neutral detergent fiber (NDF, p<0.034) and OM (p<0.041) of SGS was greatly reduced. The TDN value based on whole tract digestibility of silages was highest for RS as 61.1%, and TDN values of BS, IRGS and SGS were 57.1%, 57.9% and 50.7%, respectively. Based on the results obtained from the present study, components in various whole crop silages produced in Korea might affect the ruminal VFA proportion, and especially, NDF content could greatly influence on the TDN value of silage calculated based on the NDF content.

사료작물 사일리지의 단백질 분획 및 Borate-phosphate Buffer 추출이 In vitro 발효성상, Gas 발생 그리고 분해율에 미치는 효과

김광림 ( Guang Lin Jin ),지병주 ( Byung Ju Ji ),오영균 ( Young Kyoon Oh ),홍성구 ( Seong Ku Hong ),송만강 ( Man Kang Song ),Judder Shinekhuu,Xiang Zi Li 한국동물자원과학회 2009 한국축산학회지 Vol.51 No.5