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국가대표 여자 소프트볼 선수의 타격 시 배트 컨트롤에 따른 운동학적 비교
백진호 ( Jin Ho Back ),곽창수 ( Chang Soo Kwak ),박종철 ( Jong Chul Park ) 한국스포츠정책과학원(구 한국스포츠개발원) 2011 체육과학연구 Vol.22 No.2
이 연구는 여자 국가대표 소프트볼 선수들의 의도적인 타구 방향 컨트롤에 따른 스윙 동작을 분석함으로써 작전 수행능력의 향상과 보다 정교한 스윙 동작을 완성시키기 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 하는데 그 목적을 두었다. 연구 대상은 여자 국가대표 소프트볼 선수 3명으로 선정하였다. 피칭머신에서 80km/h로 투구되는 직구를 지도자가 요구하는 방향(좌, 우)으로 타격을 실시하였으며 그 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 타격 동작을 수행하는 동안 Pre Impact(P1) 구간에서는 LD동작이 Post Impact(P2) 구간에서는 RD동작이 보다 긴 소요시간을 나타냈고 전체 소요시간은 RD동작이 LD동작보다 짧은 소요시간을 나타냈다. 신체중심 좌우속도는 LD동작 시 모든 시점에서 신체중심 속도가 느린 것으로 나타났고 전후속도는 RD동작이 LD동작에 비해 신체중심을 후방으로 빠르게 움직이면서 테이크백 동작을 하는 것으로 나타났지만, 임팩트 시점에서는 LD동작이 RD동작에 비해 신체중심을 전방으로 빠르게 이동시키는 것으로 나타났다. 수직속도는 임팩트 시점에서 LD동작이 RD동작에 비해 움직임이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 임팩트 시 배트 속도는 LD동작이 RD동작보다 느린 것으로 나타났지만, 최대속도와 발현시점은 LD동작이 RD동작보다 빠른 것으로 나타났다. TSA는 RD동작이 LD동작보다 작은 관절 각도를 나타낸 반면 TTA의 경우 LD동작이 RD동작보다 큰 관절 각도를 나타냈다. XFA는 LC에서 RD동작이 LD동작에 비해 상체와 하체의 꼬임이 큰 것으로 나타났고, BI에서는 LD동작의 경우 RD동작 보다 회전을 제어하는 것으로 나타났다. 이후 EF에서 또한 RD동작이 LD동작에 비해 큰 회전 각도를 나타냈다. This study aims to provide basic data for improving operational capability and for completing more sophisticated swing motion by analyzing swing motion depending on the elite softball players` intentional control of ball direction. For the purposes of this study, 3-D motion analysis was conducted through high-speed filming based on three elite female softball players. Variables were consisted of temporal, joint angle, Center of Mass (CM) & bat velocity by each event & phase. The results were as follows. Left Direction (LD) showed longer turnaround time in P1 and Right Direction (RD) showed longer turnaround time in P2 while conducting bat motion, and RD showed shorter turnaround time than LD in total turnaround time. About the CM transverse velocity, the CM for LD showed slow speed in all phases, and about the anteroposterior velocity, RD showed faster take back motion of the CM to the rear than LD but the CM for LD showed faster ahead than RD in the impact phase. About the vertical velocity, LD showed bigger motion than RD in the impact phase. About the batting velocity for impact, LD showed slower than RD, and about maximum velocity and revelation phase, LD showed faster than RD. About TSA, RD showed smaller joint angle than LD, but about TTA, LD showed bigger joint angle than RD. About XFA, RD showed bigger twist of upper and lower body than LD in LC, and LD controlled rotation more than RD in BI. After that, RD showed bigger rotation angle than LD in EF.
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백진호(Jin Ho Back),윤종완(Jong Wan Yoon),박종철(Jong Chul Park) 한국사회체육학회 2004 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.22
The purpose of research is to improve the evolution method of swimming players` skill and turning direction technique by comparing and analizing players` section records and detailed turning motion in freestyle swimming. In order to complement, top prize winners` section records, from 5m before turning to 8m after turning, were measured and two representative players` good and bad motions were reviewed by analizing the detailed motions taken by the underwater video camera. The results were as follows. 1. The record for the phase of turn was similar to the rank of the last record. In case of 200m events the 1st turn was the fastest and it took more time as the turn is repeated. 2. It shows that the preparation phase and turning motion cause the difference between the players and within one player. 3. As the span of vertical movement of the players` heads became shortened, their vertical movement and rotation speed got faster, which is regarded as their heads rotated fast. In addition, it showed that the time lag, from the turning point to the movement of touching wall, also got faster as the span of their vertical movements became narrowed. In case of bad motions, players tend to put up their heads upward from the turning point. Those motions are required to be revised. 4. In terms of the distance between center of gravity and center of head, it shows that the nearer it is, the faster head`s rotation get. The short distance between them means that it is possible to rotate quickly by keeping head close to body as much as possible. In actual, the distance between them widens gradually after the turning motion, which means that the center of gravity moves to the opposite direction. 5. The horizontal movement of center of gravity moves to turning point slowly in the preparation phase, does not move nearly in the turning phase and increase again in the propulsion phase. Good record has short time for turn phase. The result means that the shorten the turning phase is the most important factor. Therefore the preparation for this is required. The vertical movement is maintained or increase a little and then move to from the turning phase. 6. The characteristic of horizontal velocity in center of gravity is that there is any big changes at the preparation phase, the faster velocity is found from the better record and the accelerating time is fast at the propulsion phasen. The wrong motion is made by not using the swimming velocity for turning and waiting and more time is required by this. 7. The angle of knee and incidence when the player touch the turning point are 106.22~-122.91 and 93.41~100.26. The size of maximum angle of knee did not match with the required time of propulsion phase. It seems that the individual difference is big when the players touch the turning point the angle of knee and incidence. The research for the individual angle which can reveal the maximum power should be carried out.
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백진호,박종철,윤종완,이용식,박종훈,Back, Jin-Ho,Park, Jong-Chul,Yoon, Jong-Wan,Lee, Yong-Sik,Park, Jong-Hoon 한국운동역학회 2006 한국운동역학회지 Vol.16 No.3
This study was attempted to Kinematical characteristics of the Endo $360^{\circ}$El-grip Swing on the horizontal bar. To do this, we selected and analyzed the performance of two athletes who did Endo $360^{\circ}$El-grip Swing in the horizontal bar competition of male artistic gymnastic in the 22nd Universiad Games 2003 Daegu. We drew the conclusions from the kinematical factors that were came out through analyzing three-dimensional cinematography of the athletes' movements, by using two video cameras. In point of analyzing the actual competition situation, it is expected that gymnastics and coaches have the effective informations, and the following conclusion had resulted. 1. When performing Endo $360^{\circ}$El-Grip, the average for entire required time was $1.93{\pm}0.06sec$. The average for descent phase time was $0.24{\pm}0.02sec$, ascent phase time was 0.22${\pm}0.07sec$, connecting phase time was $0.87{\pm}0.07sec$, and El-Grip phase time was $0.61{\pm}0.02sec$. The descent phase need short period of time but however to have a stable performance, ensuring ascent and connecting phase time are needed. El-Grip phase need short period of time to have a stable re-grasp. 2. To have a convenient preparation for El-Grip in descent and ascent phase, lowering CM, and ease up in sway and plunge from the High Bar would make descent and ascent even more faster and would have increase effect in trunk rotation. 3. In descent and ascent phase, if shoulder angle and arm slope is dwindling then it would effect rotation angle so might risk it from hitting a Bar when putting legs in and out. 4. In connecting phase, it requires some time to show stable performance when El-Grip phase is continued by using hip angle which would make trunk rotation angle bigger and make descent and ascent time slower. 5. In El-Grip phase, when doing motions like hand standing. using hip angle more than maximum would make CM even faster and it is stable position while performing.
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평행봉 Tippelt 기술 숙련도에 따른 운동역학적 비교
백훈식 ( Hun Sig Back ),박종철 ( Jong Chul Park ),김민수 ( Min Soo Kim ),박종훈 ( Jong Hoon Park ),안완식 ( Wan Sik An ),백진호 ( Jin Ho Back ),윤창선 ( Chang Sun Yoon ) 한국스포츠정책과학원(구 한국스포츠개발원) 2010 체육과학연구 Vol.21 No.3
이 연구는 평행봉 Tippelt 기술 숙련도에 따른 운동역학적 비교를 통해 동작의 주요 요인을 규명하고 기술 수행을 위한 기초 자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 동작을 완벽하게 수행한 국가대표 체조선수 2명을 우수그룹(E), 동작에서 감점요인이 발생한 체조선수 2명을 비우수그룹(NE)으로 분류하여 3차원 동작분석과 대흉근, 승모근, 삼각근, 상복직근, 하복직근, 대퇴직근, 척추기립근, 광배근의 근육활동을 비교 분석하였다. 실험 결과, E가 NE보다 스윙,비행구간에서의 소요시간이 긴 것으로 나타났고, E의 경우 신체중심을 전방으로 빠르게 이동시키면서 전후의 이동폭이 큰 것으로 나타난 반면, NE의 경우 수직으로의 빠른 이동으로 수직 이동폭이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 스윙구간에서 고관절의 굴신폭과 고관절,동체전경 최대각속도는 NE가 큰 것으로 나타났지만, 비행구간에서 고관절의 굴신폭과 고관절,동체전경 최대각속도는 E가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 근육활동의 분석 결과, 스윙구간에서 E는 상복직근과 하복직근이 가장 큰 것으로 나타났고, NE는 삼각근과 하복직근이 가장 크게 나타났다. 비행구간에서는 E의 경우 상복직근과 대퇴직근이 가장 큰 것으로 나타났고, NE의 경우 삼각근과 상복직근이 가장 큰 것으로 나타났다. Tippelt 동작의 완성도를 높이기 위해서는 하강스윙 시 상체를 이용하기보다 복직근을 이용한 하강으로 고관절을 굴곡시킨 후 전방으로 크게 이동하면서 역회전 동작이 이루어지도록 유도하여야 하며, 비행구간에서도 상체를 일으키기 보다는 하체를 끌어올리는 동작이 이루어질 수 있도록 하여야하는 것으로 나타났다. This study conducts biomechanical comparison according to Tippelt technique proficiency in parallel bars in order to examine the chief factors of the movement and provide foundational data for conducting the technique. Two persons who can accomplish the motion perfectly were classified as the excellent athletes(E), and the other two persons who have the cause of subtract points during motion were classified as the group of non-excellent athletes(NE), so 3D motion analysis and comparison analysis of muscle activity between pectoralis major, trapezius, deltoid, upper abdominal, lower abdominal, rectus femoris, erector spinae, litssimus doris etc. were conducted. It is shown that E takes more time in the swing or flight phase than NE. While E moves the center of mass forward rapidly and shows great back and forth shift width, NE indicates great vertical shift width with the fast vertical movement. It is also shown that although NE shows greater flection and extension width of hip joint and the maximum angle speed of hip joint and trunk slope in the swing phase, E indicates greater flection width of hip joint and the maximum angle speed of hip joint and trunk slope in the flight phase. According to the result of analyzing muscle activities, in the swing phase, E shows greatest upper and lower rectus abdominal muscle activities while NE indicates greatest deltoid and lower abdominal muscle activities. In the flight hase, E shows greatest upper rectus abdominal muscle and rectus femoris muscle activities whereas NE indicates greatest deltoid and upper abdominal muscle activities. In order to enhance the completeness of Tippelt technique, it is necessary to flex hip joint with the descent using rectus femoris muscle rather than the upper body at the descent swing and move forward greatly to induce backspin movement. In the flight phase, it is also shown that it is needed to conduct movement drawing the lower body instead of raising the upper body.
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