“Meet the new boss / Same as the old boss”: The Politics of Replication and Conrad’s Politics of Humanity

John G. Peters 한국영어영문학회 2020 영어 영문학 Vol.66 No.2

In contrast to the conventional political novel, which clearly promotes one political system over another, Joseph Conrad routinely rejects all political systems because they privilege ideas over people. In these works, Conrad consistently chronicles a political plot and a personal plot. These plots interact, and invariably Conrad focuses on the effect of the political plot on the personal plot, or more particularly on the damage the events of the political plot have on the individuals of the personal plot. Whether it be the deaths of Winnie and Stevie in The Secret Agent or the destruction of Razumov’s life in Under Western Eyes or Paul’s exile in “An Anarchist” or the death of Ruiz in “Gaspar Ruiz,” Conrad represents human beings not benefitting from political systems but being victims of them. Furthermore, Conrad regularly represents the competing political factions in his works as mirroring rather than opposing one another, which results in the end in their appearing to be little different from one another. The numerous revolutions in Nostromo are equally corrupt; the revolutionary movements and the established governments in The Secret Agent both believe that the ends justify the means; and the revolutionaries and authorities in Under Western Eyes are in the end indistinguishable from one another in their disregard for law and order. And yet Conrad does have hope, but that hope lies in human relationships, in such characters as Tekla in Under Western Eyes and Peyrol in The Rover, who choose people over politics, as we see Conrad time and again affirming those who affirm humanity and rejecting those who reject humanity.

Mechanical properties of ternary lipid membranes near a liquid–liquid phase separation boundary

Yoon, Young Zoon,Hale, John P,Petrov, Peter G,Cicuta, Pietro IOP Pub 2010 Journal of Physics, Condensed Matter Vol.22 No.6

<P>We study the mechanical properties of ternary lipid bilayers assembled in giant vesicles, formed from a saturated and an unsaturated phosphocholine (in equal proportions) and cholesterol. As a function of temperature, these systems can undergo in-plane phase separation. Using image analysis we identify the vesicle contour, and quantify the vesicle shape and the amplitude of membrane thermal fluctuations. The two lipid compositions chosen show different thermotropic behaviours. At 60 mol% cholesterol the membrane is in a uniform liquid state over the entire temperature range investigated (10–50 °C), but vesicles containing 30 mol% cholesterol undergo phase separation into two immiscible liquid phases at around 28 °C. Upon cooling below this transition temperature we observe a marked increase in the measured bending elastic modulus. Phase separation proceeds over a long time (tens of minutes), and we measure the properties of vesicles both during the domain coarsening phase and in the fully phase separated condition. Fluorescence microscopy allows us to identify the coexisting phases. We can therefore measure directly the bending moduli of each of the phases as a function of temperature, showing a strong variation which is attributed to the changing phospholipid and cholesterol composition. </P>

심방세동의 수술적 치료

Cox, James L.,Boineau, John P.,Schuessler, Richard B.,Ferguson, T. Bruce,Cain, Michael E.,Lindsay, Bruce D.,Corr, Peter B.,Kater, Kathy M.,Lappas, Demeterios G.,장낭수 대한의학협회 1992 대한의학협회지 Vol.35 No.5

Identification and characterization of small-molecule inducers of fetal hemoglobin.

Nam, Tae-gyu,Lee, Jongkook,Walker, John R,Brinker, Achim,Cho, Charles Y,Schultz, Peter G Wiley-VCH 2011 CHEMMEDCHEM Vol.6 No.5

Solar atmospheric neutrinos: A new neutrino floor for dark matter searches

Ng, Kenny C. Y.,Beacom, John F.,Peter, Annika H. G.,Rott, Carsten American Physical Society 2017 Physical Review D Vol.96 No.10

<P>As is well known, dark matter direct detection experiments will ultimately be limited by a 'neutrino floor,' due to the scattering of nuclei by MeV neutrinos from, e.g., nuclear fusion in the Sun. Here we point out the existence of a new neutrino floor that will similarly limit indirect detection with the Sun, due to high-energy neutrinos from cosmic-ray interactions with the solar atmosphere. We have two key findings. First, solar atmospheric neutrinos. greater than or similar to 1 TeV cause a sensitivity floor for standard weakly interacting massive particles (WIMP) scenarios, for which higher-energy neutrinos are absorbed in the Sun. This floor will be reached once the present sensitivity is improved by just 1 order of magnitude. Second, for neutrinos. 1 TeV, which can be isolated by muon energy loss rate, solar atmospheric neutrinos should soon be detectable in IceCube. Discovery will help probe the complicated effects of solar magnetic fields on cosmic rays. These events will be backgrounds to WIMP scenarios with long-lived mediators, for which higher-energy neutrinos can escape from the Sun.</P>

First observation of time variation in the solar-disk gamma-ray flux with Fermi

Ng, Kenny C. Y.,Beacom, John F.,Peter, Annika H. G.,Rott, Carsten American Physical Society 2016 Physical Review D Vol.94 No.2

<P>The solar disk is a bright gamma-ray source. Surprisingly, its flux is about 1 order of magnitude higher than predicted. As a first step toward understanding the physical origin of this discrepancy, we perform a new analysis in 1-100 GeV using 6 years of public Fermi-LAT data. Compared to the previous analysis by the Fermi Collaboration, which analyzed 1.5 years of data and detected the solar disk in 0.1-10 GeV, we find two new and significant results: (1) In the 1-10 GeV flux (detected at > 5 sigma), we discover a significant time variation that anticorrelates with solar activity, and (2) we detect gamma rays in 10-30 GeV at > 5 sigma and in 30-100 GeV at > 2 sigma. The time variation strongly indicates that solar-disk gamma rays are induced by cosmic rays and that solar atmospheric magnetic fields play an important role. Our results provide essential clues for understanding the underlying gamma-ray production processes, which may allow new probes of solar atmospheric magnetic fields, cosmic rays in the solar system, and possible new physics. Finally, we show that the Sun is a promising new target for ground-based TeV gamma-ray telescopes such as HAWC and LHAASO.</P>

Psoas Morphology Differs between Supine and Sitting Magnetic Resonance Imaging Lumbar Spine: Implications for Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion

Aaron J. Buckland,Bryan M. Beaubrun,Evan Isaacs,John Moon,Peter Zhou,Sam Horn,Gregory Poorman,Jared C. Tishelman,Louis M. Day,Thomas J. Errico,Peter G. Passias,Themistocles Protopsaltis 대한척추외과학회 2018 Asian Spine Journal Vol.12 No.1

Study Design: Retrospective radiological review. Purpose: To quantify the effect of sitting vs supine lumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and change in anterior displacement of the psoas muscle from L1–L2 to L4–L5 discs. Overview of Literature: Controversy exists in determining patient suitability for lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) based on psoas morphology. The effect of posture on psoas morphology has not previously been studied; however, lumbar MRI may be performed in sitting or supine positions. Methods: A retrospective review of a single-spine practice over 6 months was performed, identifying patients aged between 18–90 years with degenerative spinal pathologies and lumbar MRIs were evaluated. Previous lumbar fusion, scoliosis, neuromuscular disease, skeletal immaturity, or intrinsic abnormalities of the psoas muscle were excluded. The anteroposterior (AP) dimension of the psoas muscle and intervertebral disc were measured at each intervertebral disc from L1–L2 to L4–L5, and the AP psoas:disc ratio calculated. The morphology was compared between patients undergoing sitting and/or supine MRI. Results: Two hundred and nine patients were identified with supine-, and 60 patients with sitting-MRIs, of which 13 patients had undergone both sitting and supine MRIs (BOTH group). A propensity score match (PSM) was performed for patients undergoing either supine or sitting MRI to match for age, BMI, and gender to produce two groups of 43 patients. In the BOTH and PSM group, sitting MRI displayed significantly higher AP psoas:disc ratio compared with supine MRI at all intervertebral levels except L1–L2. The largest difference observed was a mean 32%–37% increase in sitting AP psoas:disc ratio at the L4–L5 disc in sitting compared to supine in the BOTH group (range, 0%–137%). Conclusions: The psoas muscle and the lumbar plexus become anteriorly displaced in sitting MRIs, with a greater effect noted at caudal intervertebral discs. This may have implications in selecting suitability for LLIF, and intra-operative patient positioning.

New Uses for Allopurinol

Day, Richard,Birkett, Donald J.,Hicks, Mark,Miners, John O.,Graham, Garry G.,Brooks, Peter M. Medical Publications Korea 1995 Medical Progress Vol.17 No.9

Plant U13 orthologues and orphan snoRNAs identified by RNomics of RNA from Arabidopsis nucleoli

Kim, Sang Hyon,Spensley, Mark,Choi, Seung Kook,Calixto, Cristiane P. G.,Pendle, Ali F.,Koroleva, Olga,Shaw, Peter J.,Brown, John W. S. Oxford University Press 2010 Nucleic acids research Vol.38 No.9

<P>Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) and small Cajal body-specific RNAs (scaRNAs) are non-coding RNAs whose main function in eukaryotes is to guide the modification of nucleotides in ribosomal and spliceosomal small nuclear RNAs, respectively. Full-length sequences of Arabidopsis snoRNAs and scaRNAs have been obtained from cDNA libraries of capped and uncapped small RNAs using RNA from isolated nucleoli from Arabidopsis cell cultures. We have identified 31 novel snoRNA genes (9 box C/D and 22 box H/ACA) and 15 new variants of previously described snoRNAs. Three related capped snoRNAs with a distinct gene organization and structure were identified as orthologues of animal U13snoRNAs. In addition, eight of the novel genes had no complementarity to rRNAs or snRNAs and are therefore putative orphan snoRNAs potentially reflecting wider functions for these RNAs. The nucleolar localization of a number of the snoRNAs and the localization to nuclear bodies of two putative scaRNAs was confirmed by <I>in situ</I> hybridization. The majority of the novel snoRNA genes were found in new gene clusters or as part of previously described clusters. These results expand the repertoire of Arabidopsis snoRNAs to 188 snoRNA genes with 294 gene variants.</P>