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Kim, T.H.,Jo, Y.G.,Jiang, H.H.,Lim, S.M.,Youn, Y.S.,Lee, S.,Chen, X.,Byun, Y.,Lee, K.C. Elsevier Science Publishers 2012 Journal of controlled release Vol.162 No.2
Transferrin (Tf) is considered an effective tumor-targeting agent, and PEGylation effectively prolongs in vivo pharmacokinetics by delaying excretion via the renal route. The authors describe the active tumor targeting of long-acting Tf-PEG-TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand conjugate (Tf-PEG-TRAIL) for effective cancer therapy. Tf-PEG-TRAIL was prepared using a two-step N-terminal specific PEGylation procedure using different PEGs (Mw: 3.4, 5, 10kDa). Eventually, only 10kDa PEG was linked to Tf and TRAIL because TRAIL (66kDa) and Tf (81kDa) were too large to link to 3.4 and 5kDa PEG. The final conjugate Tf-PEG<SUB>10K</SUB>-TRAIL was successfully purified and characterized by SDS-PAGE, western blotting. To determine the specific binding of Tf-PEG<SUB>10K</SUB>-TRAIL to Tf receptor, competitive receptor binding assays were performed on K 562 cells. The results obtained demonstrate that the affinity of Tf-PEG<SUB>10K</SUB>-TRAIL for Tf receptor is similar to that of native Tf. In contrast, PEG<SUB>10K</SUB>-TRAIL demonstrated no specificity. Biodistribution patterns and antitumor effects were investigated in C57BL6 mice bearing B16F10 murine melanomas and BALB/c athymic mice bearing HCT116. Tumor accumulation of Tf-PEG<SUB>10K</SUB>-TRAIL was 5.2 fold higher (at 2h) than TRAIL, because Tf-PEG<SUB>10K</SUB>-TRAIL has both passive and active tumor targeting ability. Furthermore, the suppression of tumors by Tf-PEG<SUB>10K</SUB>-TRAIL was 3.6 and 1.5 fold those of TRAIL and PEG<SUB>10K</SUB>-TRAIL, respectively. These results suggest that Tf-PEG<SUB>10K</SUB>-TRAIL is a superior pharmacokinetic conjugate that potently targets tumors and that it should be viewed as a potential cancer therapy.
Galactosylated chitosan-graft-polyethylenimine as a gene carrier for hepatocyte targeting
Jiang, H-L,Kwon, J-T,Kim, Y-K,Kim, E-M,Arote, R,Jeong, H-J,Nah, J-W,Choi, Y-J,Akaike, T,Cho, M-H,Cho, C-S Nature Publishing Group 2007 Gene Therapy Vol.14 No.19
Chitosans have been proposed as alternative, biocompatible cationic polymers for nonviral gene delivery. However, the low transfection efficiency and low specificity of chitosan need to be addressed before clinical application. We prepared galactosylated chitosan-graft-polyethylenimine (GC-g-PEI) copolymer by an imine reaction between periodate-oxidized GC and low-molecular-weight PEI. The molecular weight and composition were characterized using gel permeation chromatography column with multi-angle laser scattering and <SUP>1</SUP>H nuclear magnetic resonance, respectively. The copolymer was complexed with plasmid DNA in various copolymer/DNA (N/P) charge ratios, and the complexes were characterized. GC-g-PEI showed good DNA-binding ability and superior protection of DNA from nuclease attack and had low cytotoxicity compared to PEI 25K. GC-g-PEI/DNA complexes showed higher transfection efficiency than PEI 25K in both HepG2 and HeLa cell lines. Transfection efficiency into HepG2, which has asialoglycoprotein receptors, was higher than that into HeLa, which does not. GC-g-PEI/DNA complexes also transfected liver cells in vivo after intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration more effectively than PEI 25K. These results suggest that GC-g-PEI can be used in gene therapy to improve transfection efficiency and hepatocyte specificity in vitro and in vivo.Gene Therapy (2007) 14, 1389–1398; doi:10.1038/sj.gt.3302997; published online 19 July 2007
Chitosan-graft-polyethylenimine as a gene carrier
Jiang, H.L.,Kim, Y.K.,Arote, R.,Nah, J.W.,Cho, M.H.,Choi, Y.J.,Akaike, T.,Cho, C.S. Elsevier Science Publishers 2007 Journal of controlled release Vol.117 No.2
Chitosans have been proposed as biocompatible alternative cationic polymers that are suitable for non-viral delivery. However, the transfection efficiency of chitosan-DNA nanoparticles is still very low. To improve transfection efficiency, we prepared chitosan-graft-polyethylenimine (CHI-g-PEI) copolymer by an imine reaction between periodate-oxidized chitosan and polyethylenimine (PEI). The molecular weight and composition of the CHI-g-PEI copolymer were characterized, using multi-angle laser scattering (GPC-MALS) and <SUP>1</SUP>H nuclear magnetic resonance (<SUP>1</SUP>H NMR), respectively. The copolymer was complexed with plasmid DNA (pDNA) in various copolymer/DNA (N/P) charge ratios, and the complex was characterized. CHI-g-PEI showed good DNA binding ability and high protection of DNA from nuclease attack. Also, with an increase in charge ratio, the sizes of the CHI-g-PEI/DNA complex showed a tendency to decrease, whereas the zeta potential of the complex showed an increase. The CHI-g-PEI copolymer had low cytotoxicity, compared to PEI 25K from cytotoxicity assays. At high N/P ratios, the CHI-g-PEI/DNA complex showed higher transfection efficiency than PEI 25K in HeLa, 293T and HepG2 cell lines. Our results indicate that the CHI-g-PEI copolymer has potential as a gene carrier in vitro.
Release of Newcastle Disease Virus Vaccine from Chitosan Microspheres In vitro and In vivo
Park, I.K.,Jiang, H.L.,Yun, C.H.,Choi, Y.J.,Kim, S.J.,Akaike, T.,Kim, S.I.,Cho, C.S. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2004 Animal Bioscience Vol.17 No.4
Newcastle disease vaccine (NDV)-loaded chitosan microspheres (NDV-CM) were prepared. Stimulatory effects of these NDV-CM on antibody response compared to free NDV were examined in vitro and in vivo. In vitro stimulation of macrophages with virus vaccine resulted in higher number of cells compared to saline-treated control. Both NDV and NDV-CM induced secretion of interleukin-1 (IL-1) in dose dependent manner and the secretion of IL-1 by NDV-CM was delayed compared to free NDV. Irrespective of vaccine formulation, NDV subunit antigen was not effective in preventing mortality of the birds after challenge. However, CM loaded with NDV made of whole viron had antibody responses and protection similar to those shown by ND-K, a commercial inactivated oilemulsion vaccine.
Simulation of vibrations of Ting Kau Bridge due to vehicular loading from measurements
F.T.K. Au,P. Lou,J. Li,R.J. Jiang,J. Zhang,C.C.Y. Leung,P.K.K. Lee,이진휴,K.Y. Wong,H.Y. Chan 국제구조공학회 2011 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.40 No.4
The Ting Kau Bridge in Hong Kong is a cable-stayed bridge comprising two main spans and two side spans. The bridge deck is supported by three towers, an end pier and an abutment. Each of the three towers consists of a single reinforced concrete mast strengthened by transverse cables and struts. The bridge deck is supported by four inclined planes of cables emanating from anchorages at the tower tops. In view of the heavy traffic on the bridge, and threats from typhoons and earthquakes originated in areas nearby, the dynamic behaviour of long-span cable-supported bridges in the region is always an important consideration in their design. Baseline finite element models of various levels of sophistication have been built not only to match the bridge geometry and cable forces specified on the as-constructed drawings but also to be calibrated using the vibration measurement data captured by the Wind and Structural Health Monitoring System. This paper further describes the analysis of axle loading data, as well as the generation of random axle loads and simulation of vibrations of the bridge using the finite element models. Various factors affecting the vehicular loading on the bridge will also be examined.
Observation of the topological surface state in the nonsymmorphic topological insulator KHgSb
Liang, A. J.,Jiang, J.,Wang, M. X.,Sun, Y.,Kumar, N.,Shekhar, C.,Chen, C.,Peng, H.,Wang, C. W.,Xu, X.,Yang, H. F.,Cui, S. T.,Hong, G. H.,Xia, Y.-Y.,Mo, S.-K.,Gao, Q.,Zhou, X. J.,Yang, L. X.,Felser, C. American Physical Society 2017 Physical review. B Vol.96 No.16
<P>Topological insulators represent unusual topological quantum states, typically with gapped bulk band structure but gapless surface Dirac fermions protected by time-reversal symmetry. Recently, a distinct kind of topological insulator resulting from nonsymmorphic crystalline symmetry was proposed in the KHgX (X = As, Sb, Bi) compounds. Unlike regular topological crystalline insulators, the nonsymmorphic glide-reflection symmetry in KHgX guarantees the appearance of an exotic surface fermion with hourglass shape dispersion (where two pairs of branches switch their partners) residing on its (010) side surface, contrasting to the usual two-dimensional Dirac fermion form. Here, by using high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we systematically investigate the electronic structures of KHgSb on both (001) and (010) surfaces and reveal the unique in-gap surface states on the (010) surface with delicate dispersion consistent with the 'hourglass Fermion' recently proposed. Our experiment strongly supports that KHgSb is a nonsymmorphic topological crystalline insulator with hourglass fermions, which serves as an important step to the discovery of unique topological quantum materials and exotic fermions protected by nonsymmorphic crystalline symmetry.</P>
Simulation of vibrations of Ting Kau Bridge due to vehicular loading from measurements
Au, F.T.K.,Lou, P.,Li, J.,Jiang, R.J.,Zhang, J.,Leung, C.C.Y.,Lee, P.K.K.,Lee, J.H.,Wong, K.Y.,Chan, H.Y. Techno-Press 2011 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.40 No.4
The Ting Kau Bridge in Hong Kong is a cable-stayed bridge comprising two main spans and two side spans. The bridge deck is supported by three towers, an end pier and an abutment. Each of the three towers consists of a single reinforced concrete mast strengthened by transverse cables and struts. The bridge deck is supported by four inclined planes of cables emanating from anchorages at the tower tops. In view of the heavy traffic on the bridge, and threats from typhoons and earthquakes originated in areas nearby, the dynamic behaviour of long-span cable-supported bridges in the region is always an important consideration in their design. Baseline finite element models of various levels of sophistication have been built not only to match the bridge geometry and cable forces specified on the as-constructed drawings but also to be calibrated using the vibration measurement data captured by the Wind and Structural Health Monitoring System. This paper further describes the analysis of axle loading data, as well as the generation of random axle loads and simulation of vibrations of the bridge using the finite element models. Various factors affecting the vehicular loading on the bridge will also be examined.
A Novel Voltage-Boosting Converter with Leakage Inductance Energy Recycling
K. I. Hwu,W. Z. Jiang,L. C. Yang 전력전자학회 2015 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.2015 No.6
In this paper a novel simple high step-up converter using a coupled inductor and a charge pump capacitor is presented. Compared with the traditional boost converter and other converters with simple structures, the proposed converter can achieve higher voltage gain. The leakage inductance energy of the coupled inductor can be recycled without any clamp circuit. Moreover, the active switch is not floating; thus, no isolated driver is required. Finally, the operating principles and the analysis of the proposed converter and an experimental prototype are given to provide the effectiveness of the proposed converter.