2급 응급구조사의 성인외상환자에 대한 처치의 적절성 평가

장문수,어은경,김상현,김창섭,송근정,박한규,유지영,최동섭 대한응급의학회 1995 대한응급의학회지 Vol.6 No.2

In Korea, EMT have two classified subgroup of first and second degree : EMT-P, and EMT. For the beginning, authorization of the first EMT was made in this year through the EMT educational program. There are 8 items which EMT can perform the treatment without the supervision by a physician. But there was no previous report of pertinent assesment of treatment performed by the EMT. There upon authors have conducted review of assessment done by the EMT in EC setting, and proposed the following treatment application can be used by EMT at the field of accident. The study materials include adult trauma patient older than 15 years, and sustained trauma within 48 hours before visiting Ewha University DongDaeMoon Hospital Emergency Deparment. The duration of study was from Apr. 1 1995 to Aug. 31 1995. the study was conducted by 5 certified EMT. The EMT's performance was evaluated by the attending Emergency Medicine physician. The result were as followings ; 1. Among the total 5532 ED visiting patients during the study period, 1267 were adult trauma patients who recieved treatment within 48 hours of injury. 2. Among 1222 out of 1267 patients have completed performed survey. 3. Male to female ratio was 2.6 : 1, age distribution was from 15 to 87 years old and mean age was 34.6 years old. 4. The MOI showed : MVA (33.1%), blunt trauma (29.9%), slip down (16.8%), penetrating injury(15.4%), and miscellaneous (5.7 %), burn (3.1%), falling down injury(2.9 %), bite injury(1.1%) in order. 5. There were 437 cases of survey completed by the EMT. For assessment of mental status of 3 different method : AVPU, 5 scale mental status and GCS, were correlated with EM physician with 99.1%, 98.6%, 97.7 %, respectively. 6. For 320 out of 437 cases of survey completed, 319 patients recieved treatment by the EMT within 30 minute and 1 patient between 30 to 60 minute of an ED arrival. 7. For those 437 cases of survey completed, 266 patient (60.9%) had adequate treatment and 54 patients (12.4%) had inadequate treatment. 67 patient (15.3%) did not received treatment but it was adequate inway, and 50 patients (11.9%) did not received treatment even though patient required treatment. In cases of adult trauma patients, EMT's mental status assessment was correlated with EM physician's assessment. But treatment done by EMT without the supervision of EM physician was adequate only in 76.2 %. Therefore, continuous education and assessment of treatment performed by EMT in needed to improve field treatment by EMT future.

Activating Transcription Factor 3 is a Molecular Target for Apoptotic Effect of Silymarin in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells

Eo, Hyun Ji,Park, Gwang Hun,Jeong, Jin Boo The Plant Resources Society of Korea 2016 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.29 No.3

Apoptosis has been regarded as a therapeutic target because apoptosis is typically disturbed in human cancer. Silymarin found in the seeds of the milk thistle (Silybum marianum) has been reported to exert anti-cancer properties through apoptosis. This study was performed to investigate the molecular target for silymarin-mediated apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cells. Silymarin reduced the cell viability and induced an apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cells. ATF3 overexpression increased PARP cleavage by silymarin. Increased ATF3 expression in both protein and mRNA was observed in silymarin-treated cells. In addition, silymarin increased the luciferase activity of ATF3 promoter. Inhibition of JNK and IκK-α blocked silymarin-mediated ATF3 expression. The results suggest that silymarin induces apoptosis through JNK and IκKα-dependent ATF3 expression in human colorectal cancer cells.

Silymarin-Mediated Degradation of c-Myc Contributes to the Inhibition of Cell Proliferation in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells

Hyun Ji Eo,Jin Boo Jeong,Jin Suk Koo,Hyung Jin Jeong 한국자원식물학회 2017 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.30 No.3

In this study, we elucidated the molecular mechanism of silymarin by which silymarin may inhibits cell proliferation in human colorectal cancer cells in order to search the new potential anti-cancer target associated with the cell growth arrest. Silymarin reduced the level of c-Myc protein but not mRNA level indicating that silymarin-mediated downregulation of c-Myc may result from the proteasomal degradation. In the confirmation of silymarin-mediated c-Myc degradation, MG132 as a proteasome inhibitor attenuated c-Myc degradation by silymarin. In addition, silymarin phosphorylated the threonine-58 (Thr58) of c-Myc and the point mutation of Thr58 to alanine blocked its degradation by silymarin, which indicates that Thr58 phosphorylation may be an important modification for silymarin-mediated c-Myc degradation. We observed that the inhibition of ERK1/2, p38 and GSK3β blocked the Thr58 phosphorylation and subsequent c-Myc degradation by silymarin. Finally, the point mutation of Thr58 to alanine attenuated silymarin-mediated inhibition of the cell growth. The results suggest that silymarin induces the cell growth arrest through c-Myc proteasomal degradation via ERK1/2, p38 and GSK3β-dependent Thr58 phosphorylation.

Inhibition of Wnt Signaling by Silymarin in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells

( Hyun Ji Eo ),( Gwang Hun Park ),( Jin Boo Jeong ) 한국응용약물학회 2016 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.24 No.4

Silymarin from milk thistle (Silybum marianum) has been reported to show an anti-cancer activity. In previous study, we reported that silymarin induces cyclin D1 proteasomal degradation through NF-κB-mediated threonine-286 phosphorylation. However, mechanism for the inhibition of Wnt signaling by silymarin still remains unanswered. Thus, we investigated whether silymarin affects Wnt signaling in human colorectal cancer cells to elucidate the additional anti-cancer mechanism of silymarin. Transient transfection with a TOP and FOP FLASH luciferase construct indicated that silymarin suppressed the transcriptional activity of β-catenin/TCF. Silymarin treatment resulted in a decrease of intracellular β-catenin protein but not mRNA. The inhibition of proteasome by MG132 and GSK3β inhibition by SB216763 blocked silymarin-mediated downregulation of β-catenin. In addition, silymarin increased phosphorylation of β-catenin and a point mutation of S33Y attenuated silymarin-mediated β-catenin downregulation. In addition, silymarin decreased TCF4 and increased Axin expression in both protein and mRNA level. From these results, we suggest that silymarin-mediated downregulation of β-catenin and TCF4 may result in the inhibition of Wnt signaling in human colorectal cancer cells.

Inhibition of Wnt Signaling by Silymarin in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells

Eo, Hyun Ji,Park, Gwang Hun,Jeong, Jin Boo The Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology 2016 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.24 No.4

Silymarin from milk thistle (Silybum marianum) has been reported to show an anti-cancer activity. In previous study, we reported that silymarin induces cyclin D1 proteasomal degradation through NF-${\kappa}B$-mediated threonine-286 phosphorylation. However, mechanism for the inhibition of Wnt signaling by silymarin still remains unanswered. Thus, we investigated whether silymarin affects Wnt signaling in human colorectal cancer cells to elucidate the additional anti-cancer mechanism of silymarin. Transient transfection with a TOP and FOP FLASH luciferase construct indicated that silymarin suppressed the transcriptional activity of ${\beta}$-catenin/TCF. Silymarin treatment resulted in a decrease of intracellular ${\beta}$-catenin protein but not mRNA. The inhibition of proteasome by MG132 and $GSK3{\beta}$ inhibition by SB216763 blocked silymarin-mediated downregulation of ${\beta}$-catenin. In addition, silymarin increased phosphorylation of ${\beta}$-catenin and a point mutation of S33Y attenuated silymarin-mediated ${\beta}$-catenin downregulation. In addition, silymarin decreased TCF4 and increased Axin expression in both protein and mRNA level. From these results, we suggest that silymarin-mediated downregulation of ${\beta}$-catenin and TCF4 may result in the inhibition of Wnt signaling in human colorectal cancer cells.

Anti-inflammatory effects of 18-nor-ent-pimara-9(11),15-diene-4β-ol isolated from the roots of Aralia continentalis on LPS-induced in RAW264.7 cells

Eo Hyun Ji,Park Youngki,Hong Seong Su,Park Gwang Hun 한국응용생명화학회 2020 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.63 No.6

Aralia continentalis (A. continentalis) is a medicinal plant belonging to Araliaceae, it has been reported to exert anticancer, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-platelet and anti-oxidative activities. But the potential mechanism for the anti-inflammatory effect of compounds isolated from the roots of A. continentalis is still insufficient. So, we evaluated whether compounds isolated from the roots of A. continentalis exert anti-inflammatory effects and elucidated its potential mechanism in RAW264.7 cells. The concentrated residue was subsequently suspended in H2O and partitioned with n-hexane, methylene chloride ( CH2Cl2), ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and n-butanol (n-BuOH). The fractions were subjected to sequential column chromatography over silica-gel, RP-18, MPLC, recycling and preparative HPLC to isolated the novel compound. The novel compound was identified as 18-nor-ent-pimara-9(11),15-diene-4β-ol and confirmed anti-inflammatory activity. The 18-nor-ent-pimara-9(11),15-diene-4β-ol dose-dependently blocked NO production and inhibited iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α and IL-1β expression in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. The 18-nor-entpimara- 9(11),15-diene-4β-ol inhibited LPS-stimulated degradation of IκB-α and nuclear accumulation of p65, which resulted in the suppression of NF-κB activation in RAW264.7 cells. Also, the 18-nor-ent-pimara-9(11),15-diene-4β-ol attenuated the phosphorylation of p38 and ERK1/2 in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. These results suggest that the norent- pimara-9(11),15-diene-4β-ol isolated from the roots of A. continentalis may have grate potential for the development of anti-inflammatory drugs.

Antioxidant and Anticancer Activities of Leaves Extracts from Acer tegmentosum

Hyun Ji Eo,Gwang Hun Park,Da Som Kim,Yeongyeong Kang,Youngki Park 한국자원식물학회 2020 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.33 No.6

In this study, we were performed to elucidate the antioxidant and anticancer activity by leaves extracts from Acer tegmentosum (AT-L). In DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging activity, the AT-L revealed the high scavenging activity. Especially, the AT-L measured the highest ABTS radical scavenging activity, which is higher than ascorbic acid. The types of human cancer cells for evaluating the anticancer activity were colorectal cancer (SW480), prostate cancer (PC-3), breast cancer (MCF-7), pancreatic cancer (AsPC-1), lung cancer (A549) and liver cancer (HepG2). Human cancer cell viability was measured using MTT assay. Treatment of the AT-L decreased the cell viability and induced apoptosis in SW480 cells. These results suggest that extracts of the AT-L can be used as supplementary material for developing the natural antioxidant and anticancer drug for human cancer cells.

작약의 Albiflorin, Paeoniflorin 함량과 토양특성 간의 상관관계 연구

어현지(Hyun Ji Eo),박영기(Youngki Park),박광훈(Gwang Hun Park),김지아(Ji-Ah Kim),김다솜(Da Som Kim),강연경(Yeongyeong Kang),김기윤(Kiyoon Kim),장준혁(Jun Hyuk Jang),김현준(Hyun-Jun Kim) 한국자원식물학회 2021 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.34 No.4

The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between soil properties and marker compounds contents of Paeonia lactiflora. The methods of determining marker compounds were validated by measuring the linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), precision, accuracy and recovery using UPLC analysis. P. lactiflora contained albiflorin at 0.04 ± 0.00 ~ 2.79 ± 0.21%, paeoniflorin at 1.98 ± 0.14 ~ 6.67 ± 0.84%. The root dry weight (RDW) of P. lactiflora was 0.06 ± 0.02 ~ 1.27 ± 0.28 ㎏. The soil properties analysis such as soil pH, electric conductivity (EC), organic matter (OM), total nitrogen (TN), available phosphate (Avail. P2O5), exchangeable cation and cation exchange capacity (CEC) were performed following standard analysis manual. The results of correlation analysis between soil properties and growth characteristics, available P2O5 was positively coreelated with the RDW of P. lactiflora. On the other hand, the RDW of P. lactiflora showed significantly negative correlation with contents of albiflorin and paeoniflorin. The results of this study was might be help to provide useful information on the establish of standard cultivation by the investigate correlation analysis between growth characteristics and marker compound contents of P. lactiflora. 본 연구는 작약의 재배지별 토양특성과 albiflorin, paeoniflorin 함량 간의 상관관계를 구명하기 위하여 수행되었다. UPLC를 사용하여 직선성, LOD, LOQ, 정밀성, 정확성, 회수율을 평가하여 분석법을 검증하였다. 작약의 albiflorin 함량은0.04 ± 0.00 ~ 2.79 ± 0.21%, paeoniflorin은 1.98 ± 0.14 ~ 6.67 ± 0.84%로 확인되었다. 또한 작약의 개체별 뿌리 중량을조사한 결과, 0.06 ± 0.02 ~ 1.27 ± 0.28 ㎏로 지역별 차이를확인하였다. 작약 재배지의 토양특성은 pH, 전기전도도, 유기물 함량, 질소전량, 유효인산, 치환성 칼륨, 치환성 칼슘, 치환성 마그네슘, 치환성 나트륨, 양이온치환용량 등을 분석하였다. 재배지 토양특성과 작약 뿌리 중량 간의 상관관계를 분석한 결과, 토양의 유효인산과 작약 뿌리 중량 간의 유의적인 정의 상관관계를 확인하였다. 또한 작약 뿌리 중량과 지표성분 함량 간의상관관계를 분석한 결과, 작약 뿌리 중량은 지표성분인 albiflorin, paeoniflorin의 함량과 유의적인 부의 상관관계를 보이는 것을확인하였다. 따라서 작약 재배에 있어 지표성분과 생산량을 동시에 증가시키는 재배법 개발에 유용한 정보를 제공할 것으로판단된다.

시비처리에 따른 상동나무 용기묘의 생장 및 생리특성

어현지 ( Hyun Ji Eo ),손용환 ( Yong Hwan Son ),박성혁 ( Sung Hyuk Park ),박광훈 ( Gwang Hun Park ),이경철 ( Kyeong Cheol Lee ),손호준 ( Ho Jun Son ) 한국산림과학회(구 한국임학회) 2021 한국산림과학회지 Vol.110 No.2

본 연구는 다양한 효능·효과가 최근에 입증된 상동나무를 대상으로 다목적 수용성 복합비료를 농도(0.5 g·L^-1, 1.0 g·L^-1, 1.5 g·L^-1, 2.0 g·L^-1)처리에 따른 생장특성(간장, 근원경 및 H/D율)과 생리특성(광합성, 엽록소 함량 및 형광반응)을 정량화하여 적정 시비 수준을 알아보고자 실시하였다. 간장생장은 시비농도가 1.5 g·L^-1까지 높아짐에 따라 생장량이 증가했으나 2.0g·L^-1 시비처리에서는 낮아졌다. 근원경 생장은 시비농도가 높아짐에 따라 생장량은 유의하게 낮아졌다. 광합성 반응은 1.5 g·L^-1 시비처리에서 엽육세포 내 CO₂ 반응곡선, 최대광합성효율, 최대 카르복실화 속도가 가장 높았다. 엽록소 형광반응과 엽록소 지수는 무처리구에 비해 시비처리구에서 유의적으로 광합성 기구의 효율을 높이고 있음을 확인하였다. 따라서 우량한 묘목품질의 상동나무를 생산하기 위한 시비 수준은 1.0~1.5 g·L^-1 농도라고 판단된다. This study aims to optimize the appropriate concentration of fertilizers for Sageretia thea by analyzing growth performances (height and root collar diameter) and physiological characteristics (photosynthesis, chlorophyll contents, and chlorophyll fluorescence reaction). As fertilizer concentration was increased to 1.5 g·L^-1, growth increased, but it decreased at 2.0 g·L^-1 treatment. Root collar diameter growth was reduced because of higher fertilizer concentrations. Photosynthesis reactions showed the highest CO₂ reaction curves, maximum photosynthesis rate, and maximum carboxylation rate in the 1.5 g·L^-1 fertilizer treatment. The chlorophyll fluorescence reaction and SPAD values revealed that fertilizer treatment improves photosynthesis efficiency and robustness compared with untreated control. Therefore, the appropriate fertilizer concentration for producing good seedling quality of Sageretia thea is 1.0~1.5 g·L^-1.

Improvement of the Quality of Dried Wild Vegetables by Micro Oil Sprayed Thermal Air Technique

Yonghyun Kim(Yonghyun Kim),Yunmi Park(Yunmi Park),Chul-Woo Kim(Chul-Woo Kim),Uk Lee(Uk Lee),Hyun Ji Eo(Hyun Ji Eo) 한국자원식물학회 2022 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.35 No.6

Wild vegetables, such as Cirsium setidens, and Aster scaber, are commonly distributed as dried materials because the wild vegetables lose their freshness quickly after harvest and distribution. Dried wild vegetables require rehydration to use as a food ingredient, and the quality of rehydrated wild vegetables is affected by pre-drying and drying methods. Here, we introduce the newly developed pre-drying and drying method, termed “micro oil sprayed thermal air (MOTA) technique”. The three wild vegetables processed by the MOTA technique showed improved rehydration rate and reduced time to achieve maximum rehydration rate. Color characteristics were also improved in C. setidens. These results indicate that the MOTA technique improves the overall quality of rehydrated wild vegetables. It is expected that our findings could enhance the marketability of dried wild vegetables by improving overall quality and reducing preparation time.