신소설 <빈상설(鬢上雪)>에 나타난 윤리가치 혼재 양상

이혜숙(Lee, Hyesook) 돈암어문학회 2014 돈암어문학 Vol.27 No.-

이 논의는 동농 이해조의 신소설 <빈상설(?上雪)>을 대상으로 근대계몽기 윤리의 가치혼재 양상 및 당대 윤리관과 현실 사이의 불일치를 구체화하였다. <빈상설>은 구소설의 권선징악적 모티프를 갖고 있지만 선인과 악인의 모습은 구시대의 전형성에서 벗어난다. 선한 인물들은 고난을 의지와 선택으로 타개하는 적극성을 보여준다. 악인들은 당면한 조건을 날카롭게 분석하고 이를 처세에 이용하는 근대적 특성을 갖고 있다. 이해조가 인물의 표현을 위해 중시한 점은 바로 ‘윤리학’이었다. 특히 그가 『기호흥학회월보(畿湖興學會月報)』에 발표한 논설 <윤리학(倫理學)>은 명분과 실익의 괴리가 극심했던 당시 가치의 간극을 조율하고 해소하려는 고민의 결과였다. 윤리학의 핵심인 실천성은 근대적 학교 교육과 <빈상설>을 필두로 한 초기 소설을 통해 구체화된다. <빈상설>은 기존의 가치관이 붕괴되고 새로운 가치관이 미처 성립되지 못한 시기를 살아가는 사람들을 내세워 보수적 삶의 무기력과 이익만을 추구하는 삶의 패배를 동시에 비판한다. ‘구’와 ‘신’은 혼돈의 상태이며 양자의 관계는 결국 동전의 양면이다. <빈상설>을 통해 작가는 새롭게 유입된 가치들이 기존의 논리를 보완할 가능성과 근대적 가치들이 현실화되며 벌어진 폐해를 봉합할 가능성을 동시에 찾는다. 이해조는 권선징악의 도식을 재생산하는 대신 변모하는 시대와 변화하는 인간관계를 위해 새로운 윤리 기준을 모색하였다. This study maternalized the mixture of ethical values during the modern enlightenment period and the contradiction between the ethical view of the time and reality based on Binsangseol, Lee Hae-jo"s "Sinsosul," or new novel. Practice, the ethical value to which he attached importance, was emphasized in modern school education and his early novels, starting with Binsangseol. In Binsangseol, both the helplessness of traditional ethics and the failing of life seeking only benefits are described through characters at the time when modern values were not formly established. Furthermore, the novel does not follow an old typical way in expressing good people and bad people, though it has the age old, typical theme of the good triumphing over the evil. The characters face hardships, but carve out their destiny with strong will. Evil characters sharply analyze objective situations based on rationality and use them to make their life best. The active embrace of ethics is the effort to alleviate the difficulty of conventional values facing the contradiction between rationale and practical interest. Through Binsangseol, Lee Hae-jo explores the possibility of supplementing modern values and the possibility of resolving harmful effects detected during the settlement of modern ethics. He fundamentally examines such possibilities instead of accepting and reproducing the theme of the good triumphing over the evil. Such examination was an experiment on new social ethics created by changing human relations under the under the periodical change rather than the clear conflict like confrontation between old and new.

Genetic and Functional Analyses of the DKxanthene Biosynthetic Gene Cluster from Myxococcus stipitatus DSM 14675

( Hyesook Hyun ),( Sunjin Lee ),( Jong Suk Lee ),( Kyungyun Cho ) 한국미생물생명공학회(구 한국산업미생물학회) 2018 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.28 No.7

DKxanthenes are a class of yellow secondary metabolites produced by myxobacterial genera Myxococcus and Stigmatella. We identified a putative 49.5 kb DKxanthene biosynthetic gene cluster from Myxococcus stipitatus DSM 14675 by genomic sequence and mutational analyses. The cluster consisted of 15 genes (MYSTI_06004-MYSTI_06018) encoding polyketide synthases, non-ribosomal peptide synthases, and proteins with unknown functions. Disruption of the genes by plasmid insertion resulted in defects in the production of yellow pigments. Highperformance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analyses indicated that the yellow pigments produced by M. stipitatus DSM 14675 might be novel DKxanthene derivatives. M. stipitatus did not require DKxanthenes for the formation of heat-resistant viable spores, unlike Myxococcus xanthus. Furthermore, DKxanthenes showed growth inhibitory activity against the fungi Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans, and Rhizopus stolonifer.

Comparison of dietary food and nutrient intakes by supplement use in pregnant and lactating women in Seoul

Hyesook Kim,Won Jang,Ki-Nam Kim,Ji-Yun Hwang,Hae-Kyung Chung,Eun-Ju Yang,Hye-Young Kim,Jin-Hee Lee,Gui-Im Moon,Jin-Ha Lee,Tae-Seok Kang,Namsoo Chang 한국영양학회 2013 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.7 No.3

This study was performed to compare the dietary food and nutrient intakes according to supplement use in pregnant and lactating women in Seoul. The subjects were composed of 201 pregnant and 104 lactating women, and their dietary food intake was assessed using the 24-h recall method. General information on demographic and socioeconomic factors, as well as health-related behaviors, including the use of dietary supplements, were collected. About 88% and 60% of the pregnant and lactating women took dietary supplements, respectively. The proportion of dietary supplements used was higher in pregnant women with a higher level of education. After adjusting for potential confounders, among the pregnant women, supplement users were found to consume 45% more vegetables, and those among the lactating women were found to consume 96% more beans and 58% more vegetables. The intakes of dietary fiber and β-carotene among supplement users were higher than those of non-users, by 23% and 39%, respectively. Among pregnant women, the proportion of women with an intake of vitamin C (from diet alone) below the estimated average requirements (EAR) was lower among supplement users [users (44%) vs. non-users (68%)], and the proportion of lactating women with intakes of iron (from diet alone) below the EAR was lower among supplement users [usesr (17%) vs. non-users (38%)]. These results suggest that among pregnant and lactating women, those who do not use dietary supplements tend to have a lower intake of healthy foods, such as beans and vegetables, as well as a lower intake of dietary fiber and β-carotene, which are abundant in these foods, and non-users are more likely than users to have inadequate intake of micro-nutrient such as vitamin C and iron.

Mendelian Randomization Analysis of the Effect of Maternal Homocysteine During Pregnancy, as Represented by Maternal <i>MTHFR C677T</i> Genotype, on Birth Weight

Lee, Hye Ah,Park, Eun Ae,Cho, Su Jin,Kim, Hae Soon,Kim, Young Ju,Lee, Hwayoung,Gwak, Hye Sun,Kim, Ki Nam,Chang, Namsoo,Ha, Eun Hee,Park, Hyesook Japan Epidemiological Association 2013 Journal of epidemiology Vol.23 No.5

<P><B>Background</B></P><P>We used Mendelian randomization analysis to investigate the causal relationship between maternal homocysteine level, as represented by maternal methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (<I>MTHFR</I>) <I>C677T</I> genotype, with the birth weight of offspring.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>We recruited women at 24 to 28 weeks’ gestation who visited Ewha Womans University Hospital for prenatal care during the period from August 2001 to December 2003. A total of 473 newborns with a gestational age of at least 37 weeks were analyzed in this study. We excluded twin births and children of women with a history of gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension, or chronic renal disease. The association of maternal homocysteine concentration with the birth weight of infants was analyzed using 2-stage regression.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P><I>MTHFR C677T</I> genotype showed a dose–response association with homocysteine concentration for each additional <I>T</I> allele (<I>P</I><SUB>trend</SUB> < 0.01). Birth weight decreased from 120 to 130 grams as maternal homocysteine level increased, while controlling for confounding factors; however, the association was of marginal significance (<I>P</I> = 0.06).</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Our results suggest an adverse relationship between maternal homocysteine level and birth weight. A reduction in homocysteine levels might positively affect birth outcomes.</P>

Schisandrae Fructus ethanol extract attenuates particulate matter 2.5-induced inflammatory and oxidative responses by blocking the activation of the ROS-dependent NF-κB signaling pathway

Hyesook Lee,Cheol Park,Da Hye Kwon,Hyun Hwangbo,So Young Kim,Min Yeong Kim,Seon Yeong Ji,Da Hye Kim,Jin-Woo Jeong,Gi-Young Kim,Hye-Jin Hwang,Yung Hyun Choi 한국영양학회 2021 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.15 No.6

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Schisandrae Fructus, the fruit of Schisandra chinensis Baill., has traditionally been used as a medicinal herb for the treatment of various diseases, and has proven its various pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of Schisandrae Fructus ethanol extract (SF) on inflammatory and oxidative stress in particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5)-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages. MATERIALS/METHODS: To investigate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of SF in PM2.5-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, the levels of pro-inflammatory mediator such as nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), cytokines including interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured. To elucidate the mechanism underlying the effect of SF, the expression of genes involved in the generation of inflammatory factors was also investigated. We further evaluated the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant efficacy of SF against PM2.5 in the zebrafish model. RESULTS: The results indicated that SF treatment significantly inhibited the PM2.5-induced release of NO and PGE₂, which was associated with decreased inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression. SF also attenuated the PM2.5-induced expression of IL-6 and IL-1β, reducing their extracellular secretion. Moreover, SF suppressed the PM2.5-mediated translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) from the cytosol into nuclei and the degradation of inhibitor IκB-α, indicating that SF exhibited anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway. In addition, SF abolished PM2.5-induced generation of ROS, similar to the pretreatment of a ROS scavenger, but not by an inhibitor of NF-κB activity. Furthermore, SF showed strong protective effects against NO and ROS production in PM2.5-treated zebrafish larvae. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that SF exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects against PM2.5 through ROS-dependent down-regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway, and that SF can be a potential functional substance to prevent PM2.5-mediated inflammatory and oxidative damage.

STATE FORMATION AND CIVIL SOCIETY UNDER AMERICAN OCCUPATION : THE CASE OF SOUTH KOREA

LEE, HYESOOK Institute for Social Development and Policy Resear 1997 Korea Journal of Population and Development Vol.26 No.2

It is basic to examine the historical background in order to understand the social and political changes of contemporary Korea in connection zoith the origin of Korea's strong state, focusing on tfie specific role of the US military government,the main purpose of this paper is to examine the social and political changes of South Korea under American occupation after the end of World WarII. What were the characteristics of state formation under American occupation? Wliat could account for this particular pattern and evolvement? For which direction was the civil society of Korea heading? What was responsible for the demobilization or reshaping of t lie civil society? How was the relationship between the state and civil society shaped? What kind of impact did it have on later Korean society? Answering these questions,this paper relates these issues with the historical origin of the strong or authoritarian state in Korea.

Effect of fermented oyster extract on growth promotion in Sprague–Dawley rats

Hyesook Lee,Hyun Hwang-Bo,Seon Yeong Ji,Min Yeong Kim,So Young Kim,우민지,Young-Sam Keum,Jeong Sook Noh,Joung-Hyun Park,Bae-Jin Lee,Gi-Young Kim,Eui Kyun Park,장영채,You-Jin Jeon,Yung Hyun Choi 한국한의학연구원 2020 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.9 No.4

Background: Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) are a popular marine product worldwide and have the advantage of nutritional benefits. This study aimed to investigate the effect of fermented oyster extract (FO) on growth promotion, including analysis of body size, bone microarchitecture, hematology and biochemistry in vivo. Methods: The amount of nutrients and gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) were determined. Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: the control group, FO 50 group (FO 50 mg/kg), and FO 100 group (FO 100 mg/kg) were administered orally once daily and the recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) group (200 μg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected once daily for 14 days. Results: Oral administration of FO 100 significantly increased body length and had no effect on organ damage or hematological profiles. However, administration of rhGH significantly induced hypertrophy of the liver, kidney and spleen along with a marked increase in body length. Tibia length and the growth plate were increased, and bone morphometric parameters were slightly improved by FO and rhGH administration. Serum analysis showed that the levels of GH and insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) were slightly upregulated by FO administration. Nevertheless, the protein expression of hepatic IGF-1 was markedly increased by FO 100 and rhGH administration. Conclusions: FO have high content of GABA, and induced positive effects on body length, tibial length, growth-plate length and hepatic IGF-1 synthesis in SD rats with no toxicity or alterations of hematological profile. Therefore, these results suggest that GABA-enriched FO could be considered a potential alternative treatment for growth stimulation.

Modifying Effect of Heat Waves on the Relationship between Temperature and Mortality

Lee, Won Kyung,Lee, Hye Ah,Park, Hyesook The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences 2016 JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE Vol.31 No.5

<P>Studies conducted to evaluate temporal trends of heat-related mortality have not considered the effects of heat waves; although it is known they can affect mortality and act as a modifying factor. After adjusting for long-term trends and seasonality, the effects of temperature on non-accidental deaths in Seoul and Busan (inland and coastal cities, respectively) were analyzed using a generalized additive model of Poisson distribution. We evaluated temporal trends of heat-related mortalities in four periods (1991-1995, 1996-2000, 2001-2005, and 2006-2012). The effects of temperature on mortality were evaluated according to the occurrence of a heat wave and results were compared in the two cities. The effect of temperature on mortality was the greatest in 1991-1995 in Seoul; no significant change was observed in Busan. When we stratified the study period by heat wave status, the risk increase in mortality was 15.9% per 1℃ during years with a heat wave in Seoul, which was much higher than 0.31% increase observed during years without a heat wave. On the other hand, Busan showed a linear relationship between temperature and mortality and no significant difference between years with or without a heat wave. Variations in the relationship between temperature and mortality could be misunderstood if heat waves are not considered. Furthermore, heterogeneity was found in the modifying effect of heat waves on heat-related mortality in inland and coastal cities. The findings of this study help understand relations between temperature and mortality.</P>

Association of vitamin D concentrations with adiposity indices among preadolescent children in Korea

Lee, Hye Ah,Kim, Young Ju,Lee, Hwayoung,Gwak, Hye Sun,Park, Eun Ae,Cho, Su Jin,Oh, Se Young,Ha, Eun Hee,Kim, Hae Soon,Park, Hyesook Walter de Gruyter GmbH 2013 Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism Vol.26 No.9

<P>Background and Objective: We aimed to investigate the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and anthropometric indicators of adiposity among Korean preadolescent children aged 7?9 years. Subjects and Methods: Children aged 7 to 9 from the Ewha Birth & Growth Cohort were followed up from July to August 2011. Serum 25(OH)D concentration was measured using radio immunoassay. We assessed the magnitude of cross-sectional association with vitamin D concentrations and indicators of adiposity [body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), mid-arm circumference (MAC), body fat mass (BFM), percent body fat (PBF), and triceps skinfold thickness (TSF)] using multiple linear and logistic regression analyses adjusted for sex, age, birth order, maternal education, and fruit/fruit juice intake. Results: Thirty-two (16%) out of a total of 205 children showed an optimal level of serum 25(OH)D, but most children did not reach a sufficient level (<30 ng/mL) even in summer. The level of 25(OH)D was inversely associated with BMI (β=?0.10, p<0.01), WC (β=?0.28, p<0.01), and BFM (β=?0.12, p=0.02) after adjusting for confounding factors and showed marginal boundary with PBF (β=?0.20, p=0.06) and TSF (β=?0.11, p=0.08). Regarding the risk of overweight, a 13% protective effect per 1 ng/mL increase of 25(OH)D was shown even after adjusting for relevant confounding factors (adjusted odds ratio=0.87, 95% confidence interval 0.78?0.98). Conclusions: We found that the 25(OH)D concentrations were inversely associated with adiposity indices in preadolescent children. This study suggests that adequate vitamin D intake in growing children is crucial to maintain an optimal vitamin D level to prevent obesity and obesity-related health problems later in life.</P>

Risks of Lung Cancer due to Radon Exposure among the Regions of Korea

Lee, Hye Ah,Lee, Won Kyung,Lim, Dohee,Park, Su Hyun,Baik, Sun Jung,Kong, Kyoung Ae,Jung-Choi, Kyunghee,Park, Hyesook The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences 2015 JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE Vol.30 No.5