Variation in Antioxidant Activity and Flavonoid contents in Leaves and Fruits of Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) Germplasm

Xiang-Min Piao,Jong-Wook Chung,Gi-An Lee,Hong-Jae Park,Kyung-Ho Ma,Jung-Ro Lee,Hee-kyoung Kang,Yeon-Gyu Kim,Sok-Young Lee 한국육종학회 2014 한국육종학회 심포지엄 Vol.2014 No.07

Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is an excellent source of vitamin A and C as well as flavonoid compounds, which are important antioxidant components that may reduce the risk of diseases. In this study, we investigated ABTS, DPPH activity and flavonoid contents in eggplant leaves and fruits to identify genetic resources with high antioxidant capacity for use in food or as feed additives. A total of 102 eggplant accessions were classified into four groups by latitude of their origins: 0°~15° N (8 accessions), 15°~30° N (19 accessions), 30°~45° N (34 accessions), and 45°~60° N (41 accessions). The accessions originated from 45°~60°N showed the highest flavonoid contents (AVG. = 15.4 μg mg-1) followed by accessions originated from 30°~45° N (AVG. = 13.0 μg mg-1), 15°~30°N (AVG. = 11.0 μg mg-1) and 0°~15°N (AVG. = 9.5 μg mg-1). Same pattern was also found in ABTS and DPPH antioxidant activities. High ABTS, DPPH activity and flavonoid contents were found in the early-flowering accessions. All flavonoids of the greenish violet leaves were significantly higher than those in green leaves. The flavonoid concentration in eggplant leaves with an average of 15.6 μg mg-1 increased from 10- to 20-fold as compared with their fruit (AVG.=0.9 μg mg-1). In conclusion, eggplant leaves represent a potential source of natural antioxidants due to their very high flavonoid contents.

Variation in Antioxidant Activity and Flavonoid Aglycones in Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) Germplasm

( Xiang Min Piao ),( Jong Wook Chung ),( Gi An Lee ),( Jung Ro Lee ),( Gyu Taek Cho ),( Ho Sun Lee ),( Kyung Ho Ma ),( Jing Guo ),( Hong Sig Kim ),( Sok Young Lee ) 한국육종학회 2014 Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Vol.2 No.4

Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is an excellent source of vitamins A and C and of flavonoid compounds, which are important antioxidant components believed to reduce the risk of various diseases. We investigated the antioxidant activity and flavonoid content in eggplant leaves and fruits to identify genetic resources with high antioxidant capacity for use in food or as feed additives, and also determined the influence of days to flowering, leaf blade colors, and latitudes of origin on the antioxidant activity and flavonoid content in eggplant leaves. The accessions originating from 45°N showed the highest flavonoid contents (AVG. = 15.4 μg mg-1) followed by accessions from 30°~45°N (AVG. = 13.0 μg mg-1), 15°~30°N (AVG. = 11.0 μg mg-1), and 0°~15°N (AVG. = 9.5 μg mg-1). The same pattern was also found in 2,2`-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 1,1-diphenyl-2- picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) antioxidant activities. High ABTS and DPPH activity and flavonoid content were found in the early-flowering accessions. All flavonoids of the greenish violet leaves were significantly higher than those of green leaves. The flavonoid concentration in eggplant leaves was 10 to 20 fold greater, at an average of 15.6 μg mg-1, than that of the fruit (AVG. = 0.9 μg mg-1). Taken together, eggplant leaves represent a potential source of natural antioxidants due to their high flavonoid content.

Long-term monitoring of super-long stay cables on a cable-stayed bridge

Xiang Shen,Ru-jin Ma,Chun-xi Ge,Xiao-hong Hu 한국풍공학회 2018 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.27 No.6

For a long cable-stayed bridge, stay cables are its most important load-carrying components. In this paper, long-term monitoring of super-long stay cables of Sutong Bridge is introduced. A comprehensive data analysis procedure is presented, in which time domain and frequency domain based analyses are carried out. In time domain, the vibration data of several long stay cables are firstly analyzed and the standard deviation of the acceleration of stay cables, and its variation with time are obtained, as well as the relationship between in-plane vibration and out-plane vibration. Meanwhile, some vibrations such as wind and rain induced vibration are detected. Through frequency domain analysis, the basic frequencies of the stay cables are identified. Furthermore, the axial forces and their statistical parameters are acquired. To investigate the vibration deflection, an FFT-based decomposition method is used to get the modal deflection. In the end, the relationship between the vibration amplitude of stay cables and the wind speed is investigated based on correlation analysis. Through the adopted procedure, some structural parameters of the stay cables have been derived, which can be used for evaluating the component performance and corresponding management of stay cables.

Radiological gastrostomy: A comparative analysis of different image-guided methods

Hong-Tao Hu,Hang Yuan,Chen-Yang Guo,Quan-Jun Yao,Xiang Geng,Hong-Tao Cheng,Jun-Li Ma,Yan Zhao,Li Jiang,Yu-Qing Zhao,Hai-Liang Li 소화기인터벤션의학회 2021 International journal of gastrointestinal interven Vol.10 No.2

Background: Radiographic guided percutaneous gastrostomy has become a safe and effective enteral nutrition method for patients who can not eat by mouth. Fluoroscopy, computed tomography (CT) and cone-beam CT have been routinely used clinically. The aim of this study was to compare the advantages and disadvantages of percutaneous gastrostomy using different radiographic guided methods. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 538 patients undergoing percutaneous gastrostomy in our department. According to the image guidance method used in gastrostomy, the patients were divided into groups A by fluoroscopy guidance, group B by fluoroscopy combined with C-arm CT guidance, and group C with the whole process CT guidance. The gastrostomy success rate, complication rate, procedure time, and patient radiation dose were analyzed in the three groups. Results: Among 538 patients, 534 were successful and the success rates are 94.3%, 99.3%, and 100% in group A, B, and C, respectively (P > 0.05). There were 3 cases occurred postoperative bleeding as serious adverse events and transferred to surgical gastrostomy. The minor complications include local infection, hyperplasia of granulation tissue, tube obstruction or prolapse, and local pain of the ostomy. The minor complication rates were 10.5%, 10.4%, and 7.7% in group A, B, and C, respectively (P > 0.05). The average procedure time was 25.57 ± 5.99 minutes, 29.01 ± 6.63 minutes, and 45.47 ± 8.98 minutes, respectively (χ2 = 87.98, P < 0.001). The average radiation dosage was 27.30 ± 19.27 mGy, 145.07 ± 106.08 mGy, and 2,590.26 ± 1,088.22 mGy, respectively (χ2 = 204.44, P < 0.001). Conclusion: There were no significant differences in the success rates and complication rates of gastrostomy under the three guiding methods. For difficult cases, CT-guided gastrostomy may be a very useful supplemental method.

Radiological gastrostomy: A comparative analysis of different image-guided methods

Hong-Tao Hu,Hang Yuan,Chen-Yang Guo,Quan-Jun Yao,Xiang Geng,Hong-Tao Cheng,Jun-Li Ma,Yan Zhao,Li Jiang,Yu-Qing Zhao,Hai-Liang Li 소화기인터벤션의학회 2021 Gastrointestinal Intervention Vol.10 No.2

Background: Radiographic guided percutaneous gastrostomy has become a safe and effective enteral nutrition method for patients who can not eat by mouth. Fluoroscopy, computed tomography (CT) and cone-beam CT have been routinely used clinically. The aim of this study was to compare the advantages and disadvantages of percutaneous gastrostomy using different radiographic guided methods. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 538 patients undergoing percutaneous gastrostomy in our department. According to the image guidance method used in gastrostomy, the patients were divided into groups A by fluoroscopy guidance, group B by fluoroscopy combined with C-arm CT guidance, and group C with the whole process CT guidance. The gastrostomy success rate, complication rate, procedure time, and patient radiation dose were analyzed in the three groups. Results: Among 538 patients, 534 were successful and the success rates are 94.3%, 99.3%, and 100% in group A, B, and C, respectively (P > 0.05). There were 3 cases occurred postoperative bleeding as serious adverse events and transferred to surgical gastrostomy. The minor complications include local infection, hyperplasia of granulation tissue, tube obstruction or prolapse, and local pain of the ostomy. The minor complication rates were 10.5%, 10.4%, and 7.7% in group A, B, and C, respectively (P > 0.05). The average procedure time was 25.57 ± 5.99 minutes, 29.01 ± 6.63 minutes, and 45.47 ± 8.98 minutes, respectively (χ2 = 87.98, P < 0.001). The average radiation dosage was 27.30 ± 19.27 mGy, 145.07 ± 106.08 mGy, and 2,590.26 ± 1,088.22 mGy, respectively (χ2 = 204.44, P < 0.001). Conclusion: There were no significant differences in the success rates and complication rates of gastrostomy under the three guiding methods. For difficult cases, CT-guided gastrostomy may be a very useful supplemental method.

Comparative energy content and amino acid digestibility of barley obtained from diverse sources fed to growing pigs

Hong Liang Wang,Meng Shi,Xiao Xu,Xiao Kang Ma,Ling Liu,Xiang Shu Piao 아세아·태평양축산학회 2017 Animal Bioscience Vol.30 No.7

Objective: Two experiments were conducted to determine the content of digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) as well as the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA) in barley grains obtained from Australia, France or Canada. Methods: In Exp. 1, 18 growing barrows (Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire; 31.5±3.2 kg) were individually placed in stainless-steel metabolism crates (1.4×0.7×0.6 m) and randomly allotted to 1 of 3 test diets. In Exp. 2, eight crossbred pigs (30.9±1.8 kg) were allotted to a replicate 3×4 Youden Square designed experiment with three periods and four diets. Two pigs received each diet during each test period. The diets included one nitrogen-free diet and three test diets. Results: The relative amounts of gross energy (GE), CP, and all AA in the Canadian barley were higher than those in Australian and French barley while higher concentrations of neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, total dietary fiber, insoluble dietary fiber and β-glucan as well as lower concentrations of GE and ether extract were observed in the French barley compared with the other two barley sources. The DE and ME as well as the SID of histidine, isoleucine, leucine and phenylalanine in Canadian barley were higher (p<0.05) than those in French barley but did not differ from Australian barley. Conclusion: Differences in the chemical composition, energy content and the SID and AID of AA were observed among barley sources obtained from three countries. The feeding value of barley from Canada and Australia was superior to barley obtained from France which is important information in developing feeding systems for growing pigs where imported grains are used.

다형태 로고가 도시 브랜드 디자인에 미치는 영향

마상우 ( Ma Xiang Yu ),홍찬석 ( Hong Chan Seok ) 한국기초조형학회 2021 한국기초조형학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2021 No.1

A Spraying Path Planning Algorithm Based on Point Cloud Segmentation and Trajectory Sequence Optimization

Ru-Xiang Hua,Hong-Xuan Ma,Wei Zou,Wei Zhang,Zhuo Wang 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2024 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.22 No.2

Spraying trajectory planning is a key and challenging work for intelligent spraying robot. In order to effectively fulfill spraying on complex surfaces without CAD model, a novel spraying trajectory planning method based on segmentation and trajectory sequence optimization is proposed in this paper, which is mainly composed by three steps: surface segmentation, trajectories generation and trajectories connection. In surface segmentation, a method named regional growth with minimum curvature point (RGMCP) is proposed to segment a 3D entity into different subsurfaces by taking normals and curvatures into consideration simultaneously. In trajectories generation step, an intersection of plane and point cloud (IPPC) algorithm is used to generate the optimal spraying trajectory for each segmented subsurface. Finally, for trajectories connection, a sequence optimization algorithm based on swap-evolution particles (SOSP) is proposed to connect all the subsurface trajectories as a complete spraying one in an optimum manner by regarding it as a sequence optimization problem. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by simulation and practical experiment simultaneously. Comparatively, our method can improve the efficiency of a spray task with 367 trajectories and 627 s time-consuming to 215 trajectories and 413 s, while the coating thickness variances are lowered from 51.9 µm2 and 30.4 µm2 to 3.64 µm2 and 7.89 µm2 respectively, which shows that the proposed method is more effective and can keep better coating thickness uniformity.

Endophytic bacterial and fungal microbiota in different cultivars of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)

Li Hong,Chengliang Yan,Tang Yanqiong,Ma Xiang,Chen Yinhua,Chen Songbi,Lin Min,Liu Zhu 한국미생물학회 2020 The journal of microbiology Vol.58 No.7

Endophytes colonize tissues of healthy host plants and play a crucial role in plant growth and development. However, little attention has been paid to the endophytes of tuber crops such as cassava, which is used as a staple food by approximately 800 million people worldwide. This study aimed to elucidate the diversity and composition of endophytic bacterial and fungal communities in different cassava cultivars using high-throughput sequencing. Although no significant differences in richness or diversity were observed among the different cassava cultivars, the community compositions were diverse. Two cultivars (SC124 and SC205) tolerant to root rot exhibited similar community compositions, while two other cultivars (SC10 and SC5), which are moderately and highly susceptible to root rot, respectively, harboured similar community compositions. Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Ascomycota dominated the endophyte assemblages, with Weissella, Serratia, Lasiodiplodia, Fusarium, and Diaporthe being the predominant genera. The differentially abundant taxonomic clades between the tolerant and susceptible cultivars were mainly rare taxa, such as Lachnoclostridium_5, Rhizobium, Lampropedia, and Stenotrophomonas. These seemed to be key genera that affected the susceptibility of cassava to root rot. Moreover, the comparison of KEGG functional profiles revealed that ‘Environmental adaptation’ category was significantly enriched in the tolerant cultivars, while ‘Infectious diseases: Parasitic’ category was significantly enriched in the susceptible cultivars. The present findings open opportunities for further studies on the roles of endophytes in the susceptibility of plants to diseases.

Peach-specific aldehyde nonanal attracts female Oriental fruit moths, Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Hui-Ming Xiang,Rui-Yan Ma,Hong-Liang Diao,Xian-Wei Li,Xiao-Juan He,Yong-Fu Guo 한국응용곤충학회 2017 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.20 No.4

The oriental fruit moth (OFM), Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is a serious pest of stone and pome fruit trees worldwide. G. molesta can switch hosts and produce multiple generations per year. Both the primary and secondary host plants of G. molesta emit aldehydes. Here, we tested whether these aldehydes are helpful for host switching of G. molesta. SPME (Solid Phase Microextraction)-GC–MS analysis identified four aldehydes (octanal, nonanal, decanal, and benzaldehyde) from volatiles of late-season yellow peach fruits. Of the four aldehydes, eletroantennogram analysis showed that nonanal produced the strongest response from the antennae of virgin and mated females. In Y-tube bioassays, only nonanal was attractive to mated G. molesta females amongst the four aldehydes, suggesting that nonanal is important for host recognition in G. molesta. In a field trial, each of the four aldehydes was tested as an attractant for both sexes of G. molesta. The traps baited with nonanal captured more female G. molesta, as compared to traps with other aldehydes and control; the traps baited with benzaldehyde captured most male G. molesta. Our research investigations provide theoretical foundation for biological control of G. molesta females. Future G. molesta lure designs should take into account sex-specific differences in the response to individual aldehydes.