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Park, Jinbong,Jeon, Yong-Deok,Kim, Hye-Lin,Lim, Hara,Jung, Yunu,Youn, Dong-Hyun,Jeong, Mi-Young,Kim, Hyun-Ju,Kim, Sung-Hoon,Kim, Su-Jin,Hong, Seung-Heon,Um, Jae-Young Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2013 Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medic Vol.2013 No.-
<P>Obesity has become a major health threat in developed countries. However, current medications for obesity are limited because of their adverse effects. Interest in natural products for the treatment of obesity is thus rapidly growing. Korean Medicine (KM) is characterized by the wide use of herbal formulas. However, the combination rule of herbal formulas in KM lacks experimental evidence. According to <I>Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica</I>, the earliest book of herbal medicine, <I>Veratrum nigrum</I> (VN) has antagonistic features against <I>Panax ginseng</I> (PG), and the PG-VN pair is strictly forbidden. In this study, we have shown the effects of PG, VN, and their combination on obesity in high-fat (HF) diet-induced obese mice and in 3T3-L1 cells. PG, VN, and PG-VN combination significantly reduced weight gain and the fat pad weight in HF diet-induced obese mice. They also significantly decreased lipid accumulation and the expressions of two major adipogenesis factors, PPAR<I><I>γ</I></I> and C/EBP<I><I>α</I></I>, in 3T3-L1 cells. In addition, the PG-VN combination had synergistic effects compared with the mixture of extracts of PG and VN on inhibition of PPAR<I><I>γ</I></I> and C/EBP<I><I>α</I></I> expressions at lower doses. These results indicate a new potential anti-obese pharmacotherapy and also provide scientific evidence supporting the usage of herbal combinations instead of mixtures in KM.</P>
Rheumatic Arthritis-induced Alteration of Morphology and Function in Muscles
Hong, Yun-Kyung,Kim, Joo-Heon,Javaregowda, Palaksha Kanive,Lee, Sang-Kil,Lee, Sang-Rae,Chang, Kyu-Tae,Hong, Yong-Geun The Korean Society of Animal Reproduction 2011 Reproductive & developmental biology Vol.35 No.2
Clinical arthritis is typically divided into rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA). Arthritis-induced muscle weakness is a major problem in aged people, leading to a disturbance of balance during the gait cycle and frequent falls. The purposes of the present study were to confirm fiber type-dependent expression of muscle atrophy markers induced by arthritis and to identify the relationship between clinical signs and expression of muscle atrophy markers. Mice were divided into four experimental groups as follows: (1) negative control (normal), (2) positive control (CFA+acetic acid), (3) RA group (CFA+acetic acid+type II collagen), and (4) aging-induced OA group. DBQA/1J mice (8 weeks of age) were injected with collagen (50 ${\mu}g/kg$), and physiological (body weight) and pathological (arthritis score and paw thickness) parameters were measured once per week. The gastrocnemius muscle from animals in each group was removed, and the expression of muscle atrophy markers (MAFbx and MuRF1) and myosin heavy chain isoforms were analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. No significant change in body weight occurred between control groups and collagen-induced RA mice at week 10. However, bovine type II collagen induced a dramatic increase in clinical score or paw thickness at week 10 (p<0.01). Concomitantly, the expression of the muscle atrophy marker MAFbx was upregulated in the RA and OA groups (p<0.01). A dramatic reduction in myosin heavy chain (MHC)-$I{\beta}$ was seen in the gastrocnemius muscles from RA and OA mice, while only a slight decrease in MHC-IIb was seen. These results suggest that muscle atrophy gene expression occurred in a fiber type-specific manner in both RA- and OA-induced mice. The present study suggests evidence regarding why different therapeutic interventions are required between RA and OA.
( Hong Joon Shin ),( Tae Ok Kim ),( Hyun Wook Kang ),( Su Young Chi ),( Hee Jung Ban ),( Soo Ok Kim ),( Yong Soo Kwon ),( In Jae Oh ),( Kyu Sik Kim ),( Yu Il Kim ),( Sung Chul Lim ),( Young Chul Kim ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2011 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.71 No.1
Background: Gefitinib and erlotinib are useful, molecular targeted agents in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who failed previous chemotherapy. We compared the efficacy and toxicity of two drugs in patients with squamous cell lung cancer, most of whom are male smokers. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical information on patients with NSCLC who were treated with gefitinib or erlotinib treatment at Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital between July 2002 and November 2009. The overall response rate (ORR), overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were compared between the two drugs. Results: A total of 182 (100 gefitinib vs. 82 erlotinib) of 584 patients treated by targeted agents had squamous histology. Of the 182 patients, 167 (91.7%) were male and 159 (87.4%) were smokers. The ORR and disease control rate (DCR) were 4.9% and 40.6%, and there was no significant difference between gefitinib and erlotinib (ORR, 5.0% vs 4.8%; p=0.970; DCR, 40.0% vs 41.4%; p=0.439). The median OS in the gefitinib group was 12.1 months, and that in the erlotinib was 12.7 months (hazard ratio [HR], 1.282; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.771∼2.134; p=0.339). The median PFS for the gefitinib group was 1.40 months, compared with 1.37 months for the erlotinib group (HR, 1.092; 95% CI, 0.809∼1.474; p=0.564). Skin rash ≥grade 3 was more common in erlotinib (12.2%) than gefitinib (1.0%, p=0.003) groups. Conclusion: This retrospective study showed that the two drugs appear to have similar antitumor efficacy and toxicity except for skin rash.
Yong Gyun Kim,Hyean Cheal Park,Keun Ki Kim,Sung Un Kim,Chang Oh Hong 한국토양비료학회 2017 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.50 No.1
Various types of organic materials could affect differently immobilization of cadmium (Cd) and its uptake by plant grown in soil. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate effect of different organic materials in reducing Cd phytoextractability in contaminated arable soil. To do this, rice straw and composted manure were selected as organic materials and applied at the rate of 0, 15, 30, and 45 Mg ha-1 in Cd contaminated arable soil with 6.5 mg kg<SUP>-1</SUP> of total Cd. Radish (Raphanus sativa L.) was seeded and grown for 50 days to evaluate Cd phytoavailability with different organic materials. Composted manure was more effective to decrease 1 M NH₄OAc extractable Cd concentration and increase pH of soil than rice straw. One M NH₄OAc extractable Cd concentration significantly decreased with increasing application rate of composted manure. Tendency of Cd uptake by radish plant with application of different organic materials was similar to that of 1 M NH₄OAc extractable Cd concentration and soil pH. Changes of soil pH with application of straw and composted might be one of factors to determine extractability and phytoavailability of Cd in this study. Radish yield significantly increased with up to 45 Mg ha<SUP>-1</SUP> of composted manure application but did not with straw application. In the view point of Cd phytoextractability and plant productivity, it is recommended to apply composted manure rather than straw in Cd contaminated arable soil.