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Lipid Hydrolysis Catalyzed by Graphene Oxide
Hong-Nhung Trinh,Lan-Huong TRAN,이창우,장세헌 대한화학회 2017 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.38 No.12
Graphene oxide (GO) is a two-dimensional carbon nanomaterial. It has oxygen-containing functional groups, including alcohols, epoxides, and carboxylic acids. Herein, we show that GO catalyzes the hydrolysis of typical lipid molecules—phospholipids, triacylglycerols, sphingomyelins, and cholesterol esters—at temperatures above 50 °C. Ester bonds at both 1- and 2-positions of phosphatidylcholine were hydrolyzed by GO, indicating that the hydrolysis reaction is non-regiospecific in nature. GO-mediated lipid hydrolysis was facilitated by ethanol with maximal activity at 60% ethanol, whereas lipid hydrolysis by porcine pancreatic lipase showed maximal activity at 30% ethanol. The catalytic efficiency of recovered GO for phosphatidylcholine hydrolysis was approximately 80% up to four cycles.
Sustainable Earnings and Its Forecast: The Case of Vietnam
DO, Nhung Hong,PHAM, Nha Van Tue,TRAN, Dung Manh,LE, Thuy Thu Korea Distribution Science Association 2020 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.7 No.3
The study aims to provide better understanding of sustainable earnings by a comprehensive analysis of earnings persistence of business firms in Vietnam as an example of developing economies in South-East Asia. Dataset of 1,278 publicly listed firms (excluding banking and financial services firms) on Vietnam Stock Exchange for the period from 2008 to 2017 was collected. By applying fixed effect regression model, the empirical results provided the basis to measure the persistence index (Pers index) and find low level of their earnings persistence. The literature of earnings quality analysis in developed countries suggests earnings persistence as a noteworthy determinant of future earnings forecast and stock valuation. However, research of sustainable earnings in developing countries is still highly underdeveloped. For Vietnamese listed firms, the average Pers index was estimated for the period from 2008 to 2010, indicating low level of earnings persistence. We also incorporated earnings persistence level into future earnings forecast by running the quintile regression model divided the data into four equal levels and conducted each section independently to see the difference in each percentile, thence assessed the factors' influence on the specific model. The findings provide important information on the expected returns of firms, especially helping investors make sound decisions.