이호우와 김상옥 시조 비교 연구

강호정(Kang, Ho-Jung) 한국시조학회 2018 시조학논총 Vol.49 No.-

이 논문은 김상옥과 이호우 시인의 비교를 통하여 현대시조가 한국의 험난한 근현대사를 어떻게 견뎌왔는지, 또 내용과 형식에 있어서 이들의 새로움은 무엇인지 살펴보고, 이를 통해 현대시조의 방향성을 모색해보고자 했다. 두 시인의 비교의 기준점은 전통과 시대정신으로 삼았다. 김상옥과 이호우를 비교 대상으로 삼은 이유는 다음과 같다. 첫째는 두 시인 모두 가람 이병기의 추천으로 『문장』지를 통해 등단했고, 등단 이전에도 작품을 발표한 바 있는 준 기성시인이었다는 점이다. 둘째는 두 시인이 모두 일제강점기와 6.25전쟁, 4.19 등 근현대사의 변혁을 고스란히 겪은 세대로서, 동시대를 관통해 왔다는 점이다. 셋째는 시조의 형식과 내용에 있어서 독자적인 세계를 구축해 나갔다는 점이다. 넷째는 지역(경남)의 시인으로서 지역문화 발전에 이바지한 바가 크다는 것이다, 비교의 기준으로 삼은 전통과 시대정신은 역사의식을 배경으로 한다는 점에서 공통적이지만, 엄밀한 의미에서 다른 맥락의 개념으로 봐야한다. 시대정신이 공시적이라면 전통은 통시적이다. 시대정신이 당대의 근대적 인식을 보여준다면, 전통은 전근대적 인식을 포괄하는 개념이다. 시대정신이 현실에 밀착되어 있다면, 전통은 과거를 출발점으로 한다고 할 수 있다. 이호우의 시조가 시대정신을 바탕으로 자주 사회를 항하여 발언한다면 김상옥의 시는 전통적인 의미에서 인간의 내면과 자연에 집중한다. 형식적인 측면에서 김상옥의 시조는 상대적으로 자유로운 시형을 실험하고 있다. 두 시인의 세계는 다르지만 그 다른 세계는 서로를 비추는 거울이며 현대시조가 나아갈 두 개의 동력이자 방향성이기도 하다. 시조에 있어서 전통(성)에 대한 것이 꾸준히 논의되어 왔다면 상대적으로 시대정신에 대한 것이 강조될 필요가 있다. This paper aims to examine how the modern sijo(時調)) endured perilous modern history of Korea through comparison between Kim Sang-Ok and Lee Ho-Woo and find out what is the novelty of their contents and forms. The standard of comparison between two poets are tradition and `the spirit of the times`(zeitgeist) The reasons for comparing Kim Sang-Ok and Lee Ho-Woo are as follows. First, they both started their literary career through 『Munjang(文章)』magazine with the recommendation of Lee Byeong-gi, and were a quasi-poet who had published his work before debuts. Second, they are from the generation that experienced Japanese colonial period, Korean War and 4.19 Revolution and other major modern historical incidents. The third is that he has built a world of his own in the form and content of Sijo. The fourth is that he has contributed to the development of local culture as a poet of the region (Gyeongnam). The tradition and the spirit of the times are common in that they are based on historical consciousness, but strictly speaking, they are different. `The spirit of the times`(zeitgeist) is synchronic while tradition is diachronic. If the spirit of the times shows modern perceptions of the day, tradition is a concept that encompasses premodern perceptions. If the spirit of the times is close to reality, tradition can be said to be the starting point of the past. If Lee Ho-woo`s poetry frequently speaks against society, Kim Sang-ok`s poetry focuses on human inner and natural in the traditional sense. The world of the two poets is different, but the other world is a mirror that shines on each other, and it is also the two power and direction of modern poetry. If the tradition has been constantly discussed in the sijo, it is necessary to emphasize the spirit of the times relatively.

Induction of heme oxygenase-1 protects against podocyte apoptosis under diabetic conditions

Lee, Sang Choel,Han, Seung Hyeok,Li, Jin Ji,Lee, Sun Ha,Jung, Dong-Sub,Kwak, Seung-Jae,Kim, Seung Hye,Kim, Dong Ki,Yoo, Tae-Hyun,Kim, Jin Hyun,Chang, Se-Ho,Han, Dae Suk,Kang, Shin-Wook International Society of Nephrology 2009 Kidney international Vol.76 No.8

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an anti-oxidant enzyme normally upregulated in response to oxidant injury. Here we determined the role of HO-1 in podocyte apoptosis in glomeruli of streptozotocin-treated rats and in immortalized mouse podocytes cultured in media containing normal or high glucose. HO-1 expression, its activity, the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 protein, and active caspase-3 fragments were all significantly higher in isolated glomeruli of diabetic rats and in high glucose–treated podocytes. These increases were inhibited by zinc protoporphyrin treatment of the rats or by HO-1 siRNA treatment of the podocytes in culture. The number of apoptotic cells was also significantly increased in the glomeruli of diabetic rats and in high glucose–treated podocytes. Inhibition of HO-1 accentuated the increase in apoptotic cells both in vivo and in vitro. Our findings suggest that HO-1 expression protects against podocyte apoptosis under diabetic conditions.

Ethanol Extract of Ganoderma lucidum Augments Cellular Anti-oxidant Defense through Activation of Nrf2/HO-1

Lee, Yoo-hwan,Kim, Jung-hee,Song, Choon-ho,Jang, Kyung-jeon,kim, Cheol-hong,Kang, Ji-Sook,Choi, Yung-hyun,Yoon, Hyun-Min KOREAN PHARMACOPUNCTURE INSTITUTE 2016 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.19 No.1

Objectives: The mushroom Ganoderma lucidum has been widely used as a traditional herbal medicine for many years. Although several studies have focused on the anti-oxidative activity of this mushroom, the molecular mechanisms underlying its activity have not yet been clearly established. The present study investigated the cytoprotective effect of ethanol extract of Ganoderma lucidum (EGL) against oxidative stress (hydrogen peroxide, $H_2O_2$) and elucidated the underlying mechanisms in a C2C12 myoblast cell line. Methods: Oxidative stress markers were determined by using the comet assay to measure reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage. Cell viability and Western blotting analyses were employed to evaluate the cellular response to EGL and $H_2O_2$ in C2C12 cells. Transfection with nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-specific small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) was conducted to understand the relationship between Nrf2 expression and $H_2O_2$-induced growth inhibition. Results: The results showed that EGL effectively inhibited $H_2O_2$-induced growth and the generation of ROS. EGL markedly suppressed $H_2O_2$-induced comet-like DNA formation and phosphorylation of histone H2AX at serine 139 ($p-{\gamma}H2AX$), a widely used marker of DNA damage, suggesting that EGL prevented $H_2O_2$-induced DNA damage. Furthermore, the EGL treatment effectively induced the expression of Nrf2, as well as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), with parallel phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Nrf2 in the C2C12 myoblasts. However, zinc protoporphyrin IX, a HO-1 inhibitor, significantly abolished the protective effects of EGL against $H_2O_2$-induced accumulation of ROS and reduced cell growth. Notably, transient transfection with Nrf2-specific siRNA attenuated the cytoprotective effects and HO-1 induction by EGL, indicating that EGL induced the expression of HO-1 in an Nrf2-dependent manner. Conclusion: Collectively, these results demonstrate that EGL augments the cellular anti-oxidant defense capacity through activation of Nrf2/HO-1, thereby protecting C2C12 myoblasts from $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative cytotoxicity.

Ho-166 부착풍선도자를 이용한 방사선 조사의 돼지 관상동맥 스텐트 재협착 예방 효과

김원 ( Kim Won ),정명호 ( Jeong Myeong Ho ),박옥영 ( Park Og Yeong ),정우곤 ( Jeong U Gon ),박우석 ( Park U Seog ),김주한 ( Kim Ju Han ),안영근 ( An Yeong Geun ),조정관 ( Jo Jeong Gwan ),박종춘 ( Park Jong Chun ),강정채 ( Kang Je 한국지질동맥경화학회 ( 구 한국지질학회 ) 2002 韓國脂質學會誌 Vol.12 No.1

배경 : 국내에서 개발된 방사선 동위원소 Holmium-166 (166Ho)은 주로 베타선을 방출하며, 166Ho을 부착한 풍선도자를 이용하여 돼지 관상동맥 재협착 모형에서 풍선확장술 후 신생내막 증식을 전신적 부작용 없이 안전하고 효과적으로 억제하였음을 보고한 바 있다. 본 연구에서는 돼지 관상동맥 스텐트 재협착 모형에서 스텐트 시술 후 신생내막 증식에 의한 재협착 병변을 166Ho 부착 풍선도자를 이용하여 치료하여 그 효과를 관찰하고자 하였다. 방법

Gender Role and Motivation on Dictogloss

Dong-Ho Kang 한국영어교과교육학회 2009 영어교과교육 Vol.8 No.1

Over the last two decades, research has demonstrated that focus-on-form instructions plays a crucial role in L2 acquisition. This study as a follow-up application of the previous study (Kang, 2009) investigates the effects of gender and motivation on one special type of focus-on-form instructions, dictogloss, involving understanding the text as well as learning the target language feature. Kang's (2009) study found that the dictogloss instruction was beneficial on L2 learning and that the beneficial effects of dictogloss were influenced by high school students’ proficiency levels. This study further found that motivations could predict the performance of the female students during the dictogloss treatment, even though there were no significant differences between males and females in the achievement from treatment. In other words, the motivational factors such intensity and WTC (Willingness to Comprehend) influenced the female students' achievement during dictogloss. Pedagogical implications were discussed.

Hydrothermal synthesis and application of Ho³⁺-activated NaYbF₄ bifunctional upconverting nanoparticles for <i>in vitro</i> cell imaging and latent fingerprint detection

Du, Peng,Zhang, Peng,Kang, Seong Ho,Yu, Jae Su Elsevier 2017 Sensors and actuators. B Chemical Vol.252 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The Ho<SUP>3+</SUP>-activated NaYbF<SUB>4</SUB> upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) were synthesized <I>via</I> a facile hydrothermal method and characterized by X-ray diffraction pattern, transmission electron microscope image and upconversion (UC) emission spectrum. Upon the excitation of 980nm light, the as-prepared UCNPs exhibited bright green and red UC emissions corresponding to the (<SUP>5</SUP>F<SUB>4</SUB>,<SUP>5</SUP>S<SUB>2</SUB>) → <SUP>5</SUP>I<SUB>8</SUB> and <SUP>5</SUP>F<SUB>5</SUB> → <SUP>5</SUP>I<SUB>8</SUB> transitions of Ho<SUP>3+</SUP> ions, respectively. The cell toxicity test result revealed that the synthesized UCNPs possessed remarkable low cytotoxicity. With the introduction of the resultant UCNPs into the HeLa cells, intense green and red UC emissions were observed, indicating that the HeLa cells can be labeled by the obtained UCNPs and they had potential application in live cell imaging. Additionally, the practicality of the resultant UCNPs for latent fingerprint was also systematically investigated. These results suggest that the Ho<SUP>3+</SUP>-activated NaYbF<SUB>4</SUB> UCNPs are very promising as a bifunctional nanoparticle for <I>in vitro</I> cell imaging and latent fingerprint detection.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Under 980nm light excitation, the synthesized UCNPs emitted eye-visible emissions. </LI> <LI> The resultant UCNPs possessed low cell toxicity. </LI> <LI> The as-prepared UCNPs were suitable for live cell imaging. </LI> <LI> The synthesized UCNPs have promising application in latent fingerprint detection. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P> <I>In vitro</I> upconversion luminescence imaging of HeLa cells under the irradiation of 980nm light; Photographs of latent fingerprint stained by NaYbF<SUB>4</SUB>:Ho<SUP>3+</SUP> UCNPs under 980nm light excitation.</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Effects of Herbal Extracts Used in Oriental Medicines on Heme Oxygenase-1 Expression

Jeong, Gil-Saeng,Oh, Seung-Hwan,Kang, Dae-Gill,Lee, Ho-Sub,Kim, Youn-Chul The Physiological Society of Korean Medicine and T 2006 동의생리병리학회지 Vol.20 No.5

Effects of twenty-three aqueous herbal extracts used in oriental medicines on heme oxygenase (HO)-1 expression were estimated in a mouse hippocampal cell line, HT22. HO-1 is one of the cytoprotective enzymes activated various stimuli, and Western blot analysis was used for evaluated HO-1 expression. Six aqueous extracts such as Rhei Rhizoma, Paeoniae Radix, Uncariae Ramulus et Uncus, Theae Folium, Prunellae Spica, and Coptidis Rhizoma significantly increased HO-1 expression in HT22 cells at the concentration of 300 ${\mu}$g/ml. In Addition, four aqueous extracts including Eucommiae Cortex, Moutan Cortex Radicis, Ginseng Radix Rubra, and Scutellariae Radix moderately increased HO-1 expression. These results would be usefulfor the isolation and identification of their neuroprotective principles.

Sauchinone Suppresses Pro-inflammatory Mediators by Inducing Heme Oxygenase-1 in RAW264.7 Macrophages

Li, Bin,Lee, Dong-Sung,Choi, Hyun-Gyu,Kim, Kyoung-Su,Kang, Dae-Gil,Lee, Ho-Sub,Jeong, Gil-Saeng,Kim, Youn-Chul Pharmaceutical Society of Japan 2011 BIOLOGICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN Vol.34 No.10

<P>Sauchinone, a biologically active lignan isolated from the roots of <I>Saururus chinensis</I> (L<SMALL>OUR</SMALL>.) B<SMALL>AILL</SMALL>. (Saururaceae), is reported to exert a variety of biological activities, such as hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory actions and inhibitory effects on bone resorption. In this study, we investigated the effect of sauchinone in suppressing cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, leading to a reduction in COX-2-derived prostaglandin E<SUB>2</SUB> (PGE<SUB>2</SUB>) and iNOS-derived nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Present study also demonstrates the effects of sauchinone in inducing heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression and an increase in heme oxygenase (HO) activity in RAW264.7 macrophages. The effects of sauchinone on LPS-induced PGE<SUB>2</SUB>, NO, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interlukine-1β (IL-1β) production were partially reversed by the HO-1 inhibitor Tin protoporphyrin was also seen in this study. In addition, we found that treatment with extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitor (PD98059) reduced sauchinone-induced HO-1 expression. Sauchinone also increased ERK phosphorylation. These results suggest that sauchinone inhibits pro-inflammatory mediators through expression of anti-inflammatory HO-1 <I>via</I> ERK pathway.</P>

The Antioxidant Effect of the Rhaponticum uniflorum Extracts on the Oxidative Stress in H₂O₂ induced Human Keratinocytes

So Hee Ahn,Won Yeoung Choi,Ji Won Jeong,Geon Woo Park,Su Yeon Kang,Eun Jeong Kim,Su Rim Sin,Eun Seo Jang,Gye Won Lee,Young Ho Cho 한국식품영양과학회 2021 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2021 No.10

In this study, To investigate the antioxidant activities of Rhaponticum uniflorum extracts (RUE), we assessed scavenging activities on DPPH, ABTS radicals, and reducing power. The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities (SC50) of RUE were 96.97±1.19 μg/mL and 31.26±0.13 μ g/mL, respectively, and the reducing power significantly increased dose-dependent manner. To study the antioxidant effecters of RUE in H₂O₂ induced human keratinocytes, expression of Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were determined by Western blot and qRT-PCR. RUE induced the expression of HO-1, a critical target enzyme of Nrf2, in a concentration-dependent manner. The expression of HO- 1 mRNA was also induced in H₂O₂-treated HaCaT cells but no significant difference in the level of HO-1 mRNA was observed. Taken together, these results suggest that RUE may be useful as a potential ingredient for anti-aging products.

Cost Management of the K2 Main Battle Tank by Hyundai Rotem Company

Kang,Ho Shin,Na,In Sung,Jung,DongSuk 韓國防衛産業學會 2008 韓國防衛産業學會誌 Vol.15 No.1

현대의 전장상황은 네트워크전, 정보전, 로봇전, 우주전 등과 같이 고도로 정밀하고 복잡해짐과 동시에 장비 개발을 위해서 요구되는 비용은 기하급수적으로 급증하고 있는 추세이다. 그러므로 한정된 예산하에서 사업을 성공적으로 수행하기 위해서는 개발 초기부터 목표비용 설정 및 관리와 비용 절감 활동이 필수적으로 요구되고 있다.따라서 본 연구에서는 국방분야에서 추진하고 있는 비용관리 정책을 소개하고 K2 전차를 개발하면서 현대로템에서 적용한 목표비용 개념, 비용관리 절차 및 방법론을 제시하고 대표적인 비용절감 사례를 소개하고자 한다.