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The smile curve: Evolving sources of value added in manufacturing
( Ito Tadashi ),( Richard E Baldwin ),( Hitoshi Sato ) 한국국제경제학회 2015 한국국제경제학회 동계학술대회 Vol.2015 No.-
The geographical fragmentation of production processes is accompanied by the displacement of value added from high-technology-high-wage nations to low-technology-Iow-wage nations. However, developing nations are worried that they are getting the wrong sorts of jobs. This concern is often organised around an intellectual concept, the so-called ``smile curve``, which asserts that the share of value added in manufactured products is shifting from the fabrication stages to preand post-fabrication services. The general assertion held among developing nation policy makers is that this distribution is moving against fabrication stages, and thus they are getting the ``bad`` jobs, i.e. jobs associated with low value added per worker, while the ``good`` jobs stay in the North. The goal of this paper is to shed light on how important the smile-curve notion is at economy level, in order to obtain some answers to the above-mentioned economy-wide policy issues/concerns. Using JETRO-IDE``s Asian Input-Output table, we find evidence of the ``smile curve``. Namely, for almost all exporting sectors/nations the value-added input share has drastically shifted from manufacturing to service inputs. We also find that the share of service input coming from rich nations and China has risen substantially in the exports of the developing countries, a supportive evidence for the developing countries`` concern.
Blazed $GxL^{TM}$ Device for Laser Dream Theatre at the Aichi Expo 2005
Ito, Yasuyuki,Saruta, Kunihiko,Kasai, Hiroto,Nshida, Masato,Yamaguchi, Masanari,Yamashita, Keitaro,Taguchi, Ayumu,Oniki, Kazunao,Tamada, Hitoshi The Korean Infomation Display Society 2007 Journal of information display Vol.8 No.2
A blazed $GxL^{TM}$ device is described as having high optical efficiency (> 70% for RGB lasers), and high contrast ratio (> 10,000:1), and that is highly reliable when used in a large-area laser projection system. It has a robust design and precise stress control technology to maintain a uniform shape (bow and tilt) of more than 6,000 ribbons, a $0.25-{\mu}m$ CMOS compatible fabrication processing and planarization techniques to reduce fluctuation of the ribbons, and a reliable Al-Cu reflective film that provided protection against a high-power laser. No degradation in characteristics of the GxL device is observed after operating a 5,000- lumen projector for 2,000 hours and conducting 2,000 temperature cycling tests at $-20^{\circ}C$ and $+80^{\circ}C$. At the 2005 World Exposition in Aichi, Japan the world's largest laser projection screen with a size of 2005 inches (10 m ${\times}$ 50 m) and 6 million pixels (1,080 ${\times}$ 5,760) was demonstrated.
Ito, Atsushi,Kaneko, Tadashi,Miyamoto, Yuka,Ishii, Keiichiro,Fujita, Hitoshi,Hayashi, Tomonori,Sasaki, Masako Korean Society of Photoscience 2002 Journal of Photosciences Vol.9 No.2
A new concept of "photo" -antisense method has been evaluated, where the inhibition of gene expression by the conventional antisense method is enhanced by photochemical binding between antisense oligonucleotides conjugated with photo-reactive compound and target mRNA or DNA. Fluorescein labeled oligodeoxyribonucleotides (F-DNA) was delivered to cell nuclei in the encapsulated form in multilamellar lecithin liposomes with neutral charge. F-DNA was previously shown to photo-bind to the complementary stranded DNA, and the delivery system using neutral liposome to be effective in normal human keratinocytes. In the present study, we used human kidney cancer G401.2/6TG.1 cell line to be advantageous in reproducible experiments. p53 was adopted as a target gene since antisense sequence information has been accumulated. The nuclear localization ofF-DNA was identified by comparing the fluorescence ofF-DNA with that of Hoechst 33258 under fluorescence microscope. After 7hr incubation to accumulate p53 protein induced by UV -B, p53 protein was quantified by Western blot. After 2hrs from F-DNA application, about 30% of cell population incorporated F-DNA in their nuclei with some morphological change possibly due to liposomal toxicity. Irradiation of visible light longer than 400nm from solar simulator at this time enhanced the inhibitory action of antisense F-DNA. The present results suggest that photo-antisense method is promising to control gene expression in time and space dependent manner. Further improvement of F-DNA delivery to cancer cells in the stability and toxicity is in progress. progress.
Extremely-slow, half-number shockwave lithotripsy for asymptomatic renal stones <20 mm
Katsuhiro Ito,Toshifumi Takahashi,Toru Kanno,Takashi Okada,Yoshihito Higashi,Hitoshi Yamada 대한비뇨의학회 2021 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.62 No.1
Purpose: To compare the treatment success rate and safety of reduced (30 shocks/min, 1,200 shocks/session) versus standard (60 shocks/min, 2,400 shocks/session) extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy for the management of renal stones. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 404 patients who underwent extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy for 5–20-mm renal stones between April 2011 and March 2019. Patients selected the reduced or standard protocol (group R and S) after explaining the potential benefits and disadvantages. The primary outcome was treatment success within 12 weeks, which was defined as no residual fragment or fragments <4 mm on ultrasonography and plain radiograph. Results: In total, 94 and 310 patients underwent shockwave lithotripsy with a reduced and standard protocol, respectively. The background characteristics of the participants did not significantly differ. The treatment success within 12 weeks was achieved in 78 (83.0%) patients in group R and 259 (83.5%) in group S (p=0.88). The median number of the session was 3 (interquartile range, 2–4) in both groups (p=0.53). The total complication rates were 5.4% in group R and 6.1% in group S. Three (1.0%) patients in group S experienced perirenal hematoma, which was conservatively treated. The reduced protocol was not associated with treatment success in the multivariate analysis adjusted for potential confounders (odds ratio, 0.91; 95% confidence interval, 0.46–1.80; p=0.78). Conclusions: The new treatment amendment with a slower delivery rate successfully reduced the total number of shocks need to fragment renal stones <20 mm without compromising the stone-free rate.
Fabrication of La2O3-TiO2-SiO2 System Glass Derived from a Sol-Gel Process
Mitsunobu Iwasaki,Hitoshi Masaki,Seishiro Ito,박원규 한국세라믹학회 2007 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.44 No.3
La2O3-TiO2-SiO2 glass, a type that could not obtained so far by the conventional melting method, was prepared successfully using a sol-gel process. Glass derived with the sol-gel process has compositions of 5La2O3-5TiO2-90SiO2, 5La2O3-10TiO2-85SiO2, and 5La2O3-20TiO2-75SiO2. The UV-visible absorption edge of all glass compositions was below 400 nm. The measured density is in the range of 2.55-2.89, and was nearly identical to the calculated density and the refractive index of the glasses derived from the sol-gel ranges from 1.545 to 1.645. The molar additive coefficient of TiO2 measured in this ternary system is lower than the calculated value, while the value of La2O3 is higher.
Kozo Kataoka,Hitoshi Katai,Junki Mizusawa,Hiroshi Katayama,Kenichi Nakamura,Shinji Morita,Takaki Yoshikawa,Seiji Ito,Takahiro Kinoshita,Takeo Fukagawa,Mitsuru Sasako,Stomach Cancer Study Group/Japan C 대한위암학회 2016 Journal of gastric cancer Vol.16 No.2
Several prospective studies on laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy for early gastric cancer have been initiated, but no prospectivestudy evaluating laparoscopy-assisted total gastrectomy or laparoscopy-assisted proximal gastrectomy has been completed to date. Anon-randomized confirmatory trial was commenced in April 2015 to evaluate the safety of laparoscopy-assisted total gastrectomy andlaparoscopy-assisted proximal gastrectomy for clinical stage I gastric cancer. A total of 245 patients will be accrued from 42 Japaneseinstitutions over 3 years. The primary endpoint is the proportion of patients with anastomotic leakage. The secondary endpoints areoverall survival, relapse-free survival, proportion of patients with completed laparoscopy-assisted total gastrectomy or laparoscopy-assistedproximal gastrectomy, proportion of patients with conversion to open surgery, adverse events, and short-term clinical outcomes. TheUMIN Clinical Trials Registry number is UMIN000017155.
Can proximal Gastrectomy Be Justified for Advanced Adenocarcinoma of the Esophagogastric Junction?
Yuya Sato,Hitoshi Katai,Maiko Ito,Masahiro Yura,Sho Otsuki,Yukinori Yamagata,Shinji Morita 대한위암학회 2018 Journal of gastric cancer Vol.18 No.4
Purpose: To evaluate the status of number 3b lymph node (LN) station in patients with adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction (AEG) and to investigate the optimal indications for radical proximal gastrectomy (PG) for AEG. Materials and Methods: Data of 51 patients with clinically advanced Siewert types II and III AEG who underwent total gastrectomy (TG) between April 2010 and July 2017 were reviewed. The proportion of metastatic LNs at each LN station was examined. Number 3 LN station was separately classified into number 3a and number 3b. The risk factors for number 3b LN metastasis and the clinicopathological features of number 3b-positive AEG patients were investigated. Results: The incidences of LN metastasis were the highest in number 1 (47.1%), followed by number 2 (23.5%), number 3a (39.2%), and number 7 (23.5%) LN stations. LN metastasis in number 3b LN station was detected in 4 patients (7.8%). A gastric invasion length of more than 40 mm was a significant risk factor for number 3b LN metastasis. All 4 patients with number 3b-positive AEG had advanced cancer with a gastric invasion length of more than 40 mm. The 5-year survival rate of patients with a gastric invasion length of more than 40 mm was 50.0%. Conclusions: Radical PG may be indicated for patients with AEG with gastric invasion length of less than 40 mm.
Iwasaki, Mitsunobu,Masaki, Hitoshi,Ito, Seishiro,Park, Won-Kyu The Korean Ceramic Society 2007 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.44 No.3
$La_{2}O_{3}-TiO_{2}-SiO_{2}$ glass, a type that could not obtained so far by the conventional melting method, was prepared successfully using a sol gel process. Glass derived with the sol-gel process has compositions of $5La_{2}O_{3}-5TiO_{2}-90SiO_{2},\;5La_{2}O_{3}-10TiO_{2}-85SiO_{2}$, and $5La_{2}O_{3}-20TiO_{2}75SiO_{2}$. The UV-visible absorption edge of all glass compositions was below 400 nm. The measured density is in the range of 2.55-2.89, and was nearly identical to the calculated density and the refractive index of the glasses derived from the sol-gel ranges from 1.545 to 1.645. The molar additive coefficient of $TiO_{2}$ measured in this ternary system is lower than the calculated value, while the value of $La_{2}O_{3}$ is higher.
Hiroaki Kawanishi,Katsuhiro Ito,Satoshi Kamido,Yuka Kohno,Toshihiro Uemura,Keiji Kato,Hirotsugu Uetsuki,Hitoshi Ohno,Kazuhiro Okumura 대한비뇨의학회 2016 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.57 No.6
Purpose: Laparoscopic urologists are familiar with both transperitoneal and retroperitoneal approaches. That experience is an advantage when devising a strategy for intra-abdominal lymph node biopsy. We report the feasibility and effectiveness of laparoscopic biopsy using a urological laparoscopic technique for the treatment of patients with clinically suspected intra-abdominal lymphoma. Materials and Methods: From October 2010 to April 2015, a total of 22 patients underwent laparoscopic biopsy for suspected intra-abdominal lymphoma. We adopted a retroperitoneal approach for paraaortic or paracaval masses, whereas we used a transperitoneal approach for mesenteric, iliac, or obturator masses. Whenever possible, an entire node was removed; otherwise, the biopsy consisted of wedge resection sized at least 1 cm3. Results: Biopsy specimens were obtained from the following lymph node sites: 10 paraaortic, 5 paracaval, 3 mesenteric, 2 obturator, 1 common iliac, and 1 perinephric fat. Laparoscopic lymph node biopsy was completed in all patients, and there were no conversions to open surgery. The median operating time was 97 minutes (range, 62–167 minutes). The estimated blood loss was <50 mL in all cases. Postoperatively, one patient (4.5%) had symptomatic chylous lymphocele that required surgical intervention. Precise diagnosis was established for all patients: malignant lymphoma in 20 patients and metastatic urothelial carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of unknown origin in 1 patient each. All lymphomas could be fully subclassified. Conclusions: Appropriate use of the transperitoneal or retroperitoneal approach is safe and effective for laparoscopic lymph node biopsy in patients with suspected intra-abdominal lymphoma.