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Equivalent Circuit Modeling and Signal Transients of Non-Uniform Transmission Lines
Hanjong Yoo,Yungseon Eo,Ju Young Jeong,Oh-Kyong Kwon,Sung-Su Park,Jin-Woo Sohn 한국정보과학회 1998 Journal of Electrical Engineering and Information Vol.3 No.4
A new circuit simulation methodology of non-uniform transmission line structures such as non-straight as well as discontinuous lines is presented which transforms the discontinuities transmission line parameters into the virtual uniform transmission line parameters. Conventional methodologies cannot effectively simulate signal transients for non-uniform transmission lines. They are not compatible with mathematical transmission line formulation. The proposed methodology can be directly used for the signal transient simulation of the non-uniform transmission lines. Since the transmission line parameters are calculated by using much simpler 2-dimensional (2-D) simulation data rather than 3-dimensional (3-D) simulation, h is very cost-efficient. The 2-D-based model parameters can be accurately determined within about 10% error, compared with 3-D-based data. Whereas it provides transmission line parameters much faster than that of 3D simulation. The proposed method is verified with general purpose circuit simulator, HSPICE, for non-uniform multiple transmission lines. Our 2-D-based models and simulation methodology show the excellent agreements with the conventional 3-D-based exact simulation. It is very cost-efficient and able to be extended to any transmission line simulation or library construction for the complicated interconnect simulation.
Yoo, Changhee,Oh, Cheol Young,Cho, Jin Seon,Song, Cheryn,Seo, Seong Il,Ahn, Hanjong,Hwang, Tae-Kon,Cheon, Jun,Lee, Kang Hyun,Kwon, Tae Gyun,Jung, Tae Young,Chung, Moon Kee,Lee, Sang Eun,Lee, Hyun Moo The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences 2011 JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE Vol.26 No.4
<P>We investigated the clinical significance of large difference (≥ 2 points) between biopsy-derived (bGS) and post-prostatectomy Gleason scores (pGS). At 14 medical centers in Korea, 1,582 men who underwent radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer were included. According to the difference between bGS and pGS, the patients were divided into three groups: A (decreased in pGS ≥ 2, n = 30), B (changed in pGS ≤ 1, n = 1,361; control group), and C (increased in pGS ≥ 2, n = 55). We evaluated various clinicopathological factors of prostate cancer and hazards for biochemical failure. Group A showed significantly higher mean maximal percentage of cancer in the positive cores (max%) and pathological T stage than control. In group C, the number of biopsy core was significantly smaller, however, tumor volume and max% were significantly higher and more positive biopsy cores were presented than control. Worse pathological stage and more margin-positive were observed in group A and C than in control. Hazard ratio for biochemical failure was also higher in group A and C (<I>P</I> = 0.001). However, the groups were not independent factors in multivariate analysis. In conclusion, large difference between bGS and pGS shows poor prognosis even in the decreased group. However it is not an independent prognostic factor for biochemical failure.</P>
Yoo, Changhee,Do, Hyun-Ah,Jeong, In Gab,Park, Hongzoo,Hwang, Jung-Jin,Hong, Jun Hyuk,Cho, Jin Seon,Choo, Myong-Soo,Ahn, Hanjong,Kim, Choung-Soo The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences 2010 JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE Vol.25 No.9
<P>Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent antigen-presenting cells. OK432 (Picibanil®) was introduced as a potent stimulator of DC maturation in combination with prostaglandin-E<SUB>2</SUB> and interferon-α. We compared the efficacy of a DC-prostate cancer vaccine using early-mature DCs stimulated with OK432, PGE2 and INF-α (OPA) with that of vaccines using other methods. On days 3 or 7 of DC culture, TNF-α (T), TNF-α and LPS (TL) or OPA were employed as maturation stimulators. DU145 cells subjected to heat stress were hybridized with mature DCs using polyethyleneglycol. T cells were sensitized by the hybrids, and their proliferative and cytokine secretion activities and cytotoxicity were measured. The yields of early-mature DCs were higher, compared to yields at the conventional maturation time (<I>P</I><0.05). In the early maturation setting, the mean fusion ratios, calculated from the fraction of dual-positive cells, were 13.3%, 18.6%, and 39.9%, respectively (<I>P</I>=0.051) in the T only, TL, and OPA-treated groups. The function of cytotoxic T cells, which were sensitized with the hybrids containing DCs matured early with OPA, was superior to that using other methods. The antitumor effects of DC-DU145 hybrids generated with DCs subjected to early maturation with the OPA may be superior to that of the hybrids using conventional maturation methods.</P>
Age at Diagnosis is an Independent Predictor of Small Renal Cell Carcinoma Recurrence-Free Survival
Jeong, In Gab,Yoo, Chang Hee,Song, Kanghyon,Park, Jinsung,Cho, Yong Mee,Song, Cheryn,Hong, Jun Hyuk,Ahn, Hanjong,Kim, Choung-Soo Elsevier 2009 The Journal of urology Vol.182 No.2
<P><B>Purpose</B></P><P>Controversy exists as to the influence of age at diagnosis on prognosis in patients with renal cell carcinoma. We investigated the relationship between age at diagnosis and disease recurrence after surgery in patients with small renal cell carcinoma.</P><P><B>Materials and Methods</B></P><P>Of the 1,196 patients who underwent curative surgery for renal cell carcinoma between 1989 and 2005 at our institution 490 with renal cell carcinoma 4 cm or less were included in our study. Patients were stratified into 3 subgroups according to age at diagnosis, including 40 years or less in 93, 41 to 60 years in 253 and greater than 60 years in 144. Clinical and pathological variables at diagnosis were compared and survival analysis was performed.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>A total of 17 patients (3.5%) experienced disease recurrence and 9 (1.8%) died of metastatic renal cell carcinoma during followup. Higher Fuhrman nuclear grade was associated with older age at diagnosis (p = 0.001). Histological subtypes were associated with age categories (p = 0.016). The overall recurrence-free survival rate was 97.2% and 92.4% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. The 10-year recurrence-free survival rate was 100% for patients 40 years old or younger, 95.7% for those 41 to 60 years old and 79.0% for those older than 60 years (p = 0.002). Multivariate analysis revealed that age at diagnosis and Fuhrman grade independently predicted recurrence-free survival (p = 0.027 and <0.001, respectively).</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Age at diagnosis was an independent predictor of recurrence-free survival after curative surgical treatment in patients with small renal cell carcinoma. Our results suggest that older patients with small renal cell carcinoma should be more closely followed after surgery than younger patients.</P>