Identification of Antihypertensive Peptides Derived from Low Molecular Weight Casein Hydrolysates Generated during Fermentation by Bifidobacterium longum KACC 91563

Go Eun Ha,Oun Ki Chang,Su Mi Jo,Gi Sung Han,Beom Young Park,Jun Sang Ham,Seok Geun Jeong 한국축산식품학회 2015 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.35 No.6

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity was evaluated for the low-molecular-weight fraction (<3 kDa) obtained from milk fermentation by Bifidobacterium longum KACC91563. The ACE inhibitory activity in this fraction was 62.3%. The peptides generated from the <3 kDa fraction were identified by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization quantitative time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis. Of the 28 peptides identified, 11 and 16 were identified as β-casein (CN) and αs1-CN, respectively. One peptide was identified as κ-CN. Three peptides, YQEPVLGPVRGPFPIIV, QEPVLGPVRGPFPIIV, and GPVRGPFPIIV, from β-CN corresponded to known antihypertensive peptides. We also found 15 peptides that were identified as potential antihypertensive peptides because they included a known antihypertensive peptide fragment. These peptides were as follows: RELEELNVPGEIVE (f1-14), YQEPVLGPVRGPFP (f193-206), EPVLGPVRGPFPIIV (f195-206), PVLGPVRGPFPIIV (f196-206), VLGPVRGPFPIIV (f197-206), and LGPVRGPFPIIV (f198-206) for β-CN; and APSFSDIPNPIGSENSEKTTMPLW (f176-199), SFSDIPNPIGSENSEKT- TMPLW (f178-199), FSDIPNPIGSENSEKTTMPLW (f179-199), SDIPNPIGSENSEKTTMPLW (f180-199), DIPNPIGSENSEKTTMPLW (f181-199), IPNPIGSENSEKTTMPLW (f182-199), PIGSENSEKTTMPLW (f185-199), IGSENSEKTTMPLW (f186-199), and SENSEKTTMPLW (f188-199) for αs1-CN. From these results, B. longum could be used as a starter culture in combination with other lactic acid bacteria in the dairy industry, and/or these peptides could be used in functional food manufacturing as additives for the development of a product with beneficial effects for human health.

ACE-inhibitory Activity of Whey Protein Hydrolysates derived from String Cheese

Go Eun Ha,Sae-Hun Kim,Oun Ki Chang,Ki Sung Han,Beom Young Park,Seok Geun Jeong 한국식품영양과학회 2013 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2013 No.11

An Comparative Analysis of Regulations for Certification, Notification and Reporting on Chemicals - Focused on the Contents of Submitted Documents -

Ha Eun Go,Seul Gi Lee,Su Bin An,Kyung Min Lim,Byung Chol Ma 위기관리 이론과 실천 2019 Crisisonomy Vol.15 No.9

본 연구는 화학물질 확인제도를 중심으로 화학물질 관리에 관한 확인⋅신고⋅보고 등의 국내 제도 들을 비교하고 EU의 유사 제도의 최신 동향 등을 분석하여 선진화된 화학물질 관리를 위한 국내 제도 운영의 방향성을 도출하였다. 국내에서는 여러 법령 내 각 제도들을 통해 화학물질 및 제품에 관한 정보를 제출받고 있지만, 방대한 양의 정보 활용 및 검증 수단 존재 여부 등에 대한 의문을 제시할 수 있다. 이를 해결하기 위해 새로운 제도를 도입하기에 앞서 현재 운영 중인 제도들의 검증 및 충분한 활용을 위한 검토가 선행될 필요가 있다. EU의 최근 CLP 개정안은 혼합물에 고유식별번 호를 부여하여 물질과 물질에 대한 유해⋅위험성 등이 담겨있는 정보들을 연결하는 매개로 활용하 는 내용을 포함하고 있다. 국내에서도 이와 같이 고유번호를 활용하여 해당 물질과 그에 상응하는 정보를 연결지어, 필요 시 관련 정보를 빠르게 찾을 수 있는 방안을 고려할 필요가 있다. 뿐만 아니라, 위해사고 발생시 이를 추적할 수 있는 시스템을 구축하는 필요성을 검토하는 것이 필요하다고 판단된다. The purpose of this research is to suggest guidelines for improved chemical management by comparing various regulations on the submission of detailed information on chemical products in Korea, such as certification, notification and reporting on chemical management, along with the recent trends in EU. Various laws and regulations in Korea require the submission of information on chemical materials and products, but there is doubt that such vast information have been adequately utilized or verified. According to the recent revision of CLP regulation in EU, importers and downstream users should assign a unique identifier to mixtures in order to be used as a medium to link chemicals with its information regarding harmful and dangerous substances. In Korea, it is necessary to consider a method that enables linking the substance with its corresponding information quickly by using a unique identifier such as UFI. In addition, there is a need of establishing a system that makes it easy to find and track information in the event of an accident.

Comparison of Antioxidant Activities of Hydrolysates of Domestic and Imported Skim Milk Powders Treated with Papain

Go Eun Ha,Oun Ki Chang,Gi Sung Han,Jun Sang Ham,Beom Young Park,Seok Geun Jeong 한국축산식품학회 2015 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.35 No.3

Milk proteins have many potential sequences within their primary structure, each with a specific biological activity. In this study, we compared and investigated the bioactivities of hydrolysates of the domestic (A, B) and imported (C, D) skim milk powders generated using papain digestion. MALDI-TOF analysis revealed that all milk powder proteins were intact, indicating no autolysis. Electrophoretic analysis of hydrolysates showed papain treatment caused degradation of milk proteins into peptides of various size. The antioxidant activity of the hydrolysates, determined using 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and total phenolic contents (TPC) assays, increased with incubation times. In all skim milk powders, the antioxidant activities of hydrolysates were highest following 24 h papain treatment (TPC: A, 196.48 μM GE/L; B, 194.52 μM GE/L; C, 194.76 μM GE/L; D, 163.75 μM GE/L; ABTS: A, 75%; B, 72%; C, 72%; D, 57%). The number of peptide derived from skim milk powders, as determined by LC-MS/MS, was 308 for A, 283 for B, 208 for C, and 135 for D. Hydrolysate A had the highest antioxidant activity and the most potential antioxidant peptides amongst the four skim milk powder hydrolysates. A total of 4 β-lactoglobulin, 4 αs1-casein, and 56 β-casein peptide fragments were identified as potential antioxidant peptides in hydrolysate A by LC-MS/MS. These results suggest that domestic skim milk could have applications in various industries, i.e., in the development of functional foods.

Spike Frequency Adaptation in Neurons of the Central Nervous System

Ha, Go Eun,Cheong, Eunji The Korean Society for Brain and Neural Science 2017 Experimental Neurobiology Vol.26 No.4

<P>Neuronal firing patterns and frequencies determine the nature of encoded information of the neurons. Here we discuss the molecular identity and cellular mechanisms of spike-frequency adaptation in central nervous system (CNS) neurons. Calcium-activated potassium (K<SUB>Ca</SUB>) channels such as BK<SUB>Ca</SUB> and SK<SUB>Ca</SUB> channels have long been known to be important mediators of spike adaptation via generation of a large afterhyperpolarization when neurons are hyper-activated. However, it has been shown that a strong hyperpolarization via these K<SUB>Ca</SUB> channels would cease action potential generation rather than reducing the frequency of spike generation. In some types of neurons, the strong hyperpolarization is followed by oscillatory activity in these neurons. Recently, spike-frequency adaptation in thalamocortical (TC) and CA1 hippocampal neurons is shown to be mediated by the Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>-activated Cl- channel (CACC), anoctamin-2 (ANO2). Knockdown of ANO2 in these neurons results in significantly reduced spike-frequency adaptation accompanied by increased number of spikes without shifting the firing mode, which suggests that ANO2 mediates a genuine form of spike adaptation, finely tuning the frequency of spikes in these neurons. Based on the finding of a broad expression of this new class of CACC in the brain, it can be proposed that the ANO2-mediated spike-frequency adaptation may be a general mechanism to control information transmission in the CNS neurons.</P>

Identification of Antihypertensive Peptides Derived from Low Molecular Weight Casein Hydrolysates Generated during Fermentation by Bifidobacterium longum KACC 91563

Ha, Go Eun,Chang, Oun Ki,Jo, Su-Mi,Han, Gi-Sung,Park, Beom-Young,Ham, Jun-Sang,Jeong, Seok-Geun Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resource 2015 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.35 No.6

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity was evaluated for the low-molecular-weight fraction (<3 kDa) obtained from milk fermentation by Bifidobacterium longum KACC91563. The ACE inhibitory activity in this fraction was 62.3%. The peptides generated from the <3 kDa fraction were identified by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization quantitative time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis. Of the 28 peptides identified, 11 and 16 were identified as β-casein (CN) and α_s1-CN, respectively. One peptide was identified as κ-CN. Three peptides, YQEPVLGPVRGPFPIIV, QEPVLGPVRGPFPIIV, and GPVRGPFPIIV, from β-CN corresponded to known antihypertensive peptides. We also found 15 peptides that were identified as potential antihypertensive peptides because they included a known antihypertensive peptide fragment. These peptides were as follows: RELEELNVPGEIVE (f1-14), YQEPVLGPVRGPFP (f193-206), EPVLGPVRGPFPIIV (f195-206), PVLGPVRGPFPIIV (f196-206), VLGPVRGPFPIIV (f197-206), and LGPVRGPFPIIV (f198-206) for β-CN; and APSFSDIPNPIGSENSEKTTMPLW (f176-199), SFSDIPNPIGSENSEKT- TMPLW (f178-199), FSDIPNPIGSENSEKTTMPLW (f179-199), SDIPNPIGSENSEKTTMPLW (f180-199), DIPNPIGSENSEKTTMPLW (f181-199), IPNPIGSENSEKTTMPLW (f182-199), PIGSENSEKTTMPLW (f185-199), IGSENSEKTTMPLW (f186-199), and SENSEKTTMPLW (f188-199) for α_s1-CN. From these results, B. longum could be used as a starter culture in combination with other lactic acid bacteria in the dairy industry, and/or these peptides could be used in functional food manufacturing as additives for the development of a product with beneficial effects for human health.

Comparison of Antioxidant Activities of Hydrolysates of Domestic and Imported Skim Milk Powders Treated with Papain

Ha, Go Eun,Chang, Oun Ki,Han, Gi Sung,Ham, Jun Sang,Park, Beom-Young,Jeong, Seok-Geun Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resource 2015 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.35 No.3

Milk proteins have many potential sequences within their primary structure, each with a specific biological activity. In this study, we compared and investigated the bioactivities of hydrolysates of the domestic (A, B) and imported (C, D) skim milk powders generated using papain digestion. MALDI-TOF analysis revealed that all milk powder proteins were intact, indicating no autolysis. Electrophoretic analysis of hydrolysates showed papain treatment caused degradation of milk proteins into peptides of various size. The antioxidant activity of the hydrolysates, determined using 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and total phenolic contents (TPC) assays, increased with incubation times. In all skim milk powders, the antioxidant activities of hydrolysates were highest following 24 h papain treatment (TPC: A, 196.48 μM GE/L; B, 194.52 μM GE/L; C, 194.76 μM GE/L; D, 163.75 μM GE/L; ABTS: A, 75%; B, 72%; C, 72%; D, 57%). The number of peptide derived from skim milk powders, as determined by LC-MS/MS, was 308 for A, 283 for B, 208 for C, and 135 for D. Hydrolysate A had the highest antioxidant activity and the most potential antioxidant peptides amongst the four skim milk powder hydrolysates. A total of 4 β-lactoglobulin, 4 α_s1-casein, and 56 β-casein peptide fragments were identified as potential antioxidant peptides in hydrolysate A by LC-MS/MS. These results suggest that domestic skim milk could have applications in various industries, i.e., in the development of functional foods.

Calcium-activated chloride channels: a new target to control the spiking pattern of neurons

( Go Eun Ha ),( Eunji Cheong ) 생화학분자생물학회(구 한국생화학분자생물학회) 2017 BMB Reports Vol.50 No.3

The nature of encoded information in neural circuits is determined by neuronal firing patterns and frequencies. This paper discusses the molecular identity and cellular mecha-nisms of spike-frequency adaptation in the central nervous system (CNS). Spike-frequency adaptation in thalamocortical (TC) and CA1 hippocampal neurons is mediated by the Ca²⁺-activated Cl^- channel (CACC) anoctamin-2 (ANO2). Knockdown of ANO2 in these neurons results in increased number of spikes, in conjunction with significantly reduced spike-frequency adaptation. No study has so far demonstrated that CACCs mediate afterhyperpolarization currents, which result in the modulation of neuronal spike patterns in the CNS. Our study therefore proposes a novel role for ANO2 in spike-frequency adaptation and transmission of information in the brain. [BMB Reports 2017; 50(3): 109-110]

Mistreatment of Caregivers: What to Do to Protect the Rights and Interests of Long- Term Care Workers

( Eun Ha Namkung ),( Eun-ah Go ) 한국보건사회연구원 2022 Research in Brief Vol.2022 No.10

NFC 기능을 활용한 OTP 출결 시스템

김고은(Go-eun Kim),송진혁(Jin-hyuk Song),안고은(Go-eun An),하주경(Ju-kyeong Ha),허주아(Joo-ah Heo),이훈재(Hoon-jae Lee) 한국정보통신학회 2021 한국정보통신학회 여성 ICT 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.8

현재 동서대학교의 전자출결 시스템의 경우 교수자가 학생에게 번호를 공유하여 출결을 진행하는 방식을 사용하고 있다. 하지만 이런 방식은 출석한 학생이 출석을 하지 않은 학생에게 번호를 공유하여 출석을 조작하거나, 해당 방식으로 출석 후에 수업을 듣지 않고 강의실을 벗어나는 상황들을 발생시킨다. 본 논문에서는 학생들의 부정 출석 행위를 방지하기 위해 NFC 태그를 실행한 학생에 한해서 고유한 8자리 OTP 번호를 전송하는 시스템을 구현하고자 한다. Currently, in the case of Dongseo University’s electronic attendance system, the professor shares a number with, students to proceed with attendance. However, this method creates a situation in which the attending student shares a number with the non-attending student to manipulate attendance, or leaves the classroom without listening to the lesson after such attendance. In this paper, in order to prevent unauthorized attendance of students, we will implement a system that sends a unique 8-digit OTP number only to students who have executed NFC tags.